scholarly journals Organic Hallucinosis in Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke Caused by Thrombosis Process: A Case Report

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Pricella Maria Ismail ◽  
Anak Ayu Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Anak Agung Ayu Suryapraba Indradewi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Nervous Disease ◽  
The Right

Background/aim: Hallucinations are the special ability to experience phenomena that are not visible to normal individuals. Hallucinations, delusions, and confabulations are common symptoms between neurology and psychiatry. Nervous disease that manifests with hallucinatory symptoms like this is one of them due to right hemispheric stroke. The authors report cases of new-onset organic hallucinosis. and stroke in brain regions similar to the salience network (insular cortex, parietal cortex, and striatum). Case: A 43-year-old man comes to the ER Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, Bali Indonesia with complaints of slurred speech using an incomprehensible language, and repeating the same words. Talking about seeing a shadow following him but actually not there. Patients often experience sleep disorders, from the results of neurological physical examination found right eye ptosis, pupil anisokor, nerve III dextra complete lesion, supranuclear left NVII paresis, supranuclear left NXII paresis, left flaccid hemiparesis. Psychiatric status obtained unnatural appearance, looks confused, verbal and visual contact is sufficient, mood dysphoric, confused affect and there is no harmony. The thought process obtained realistic, coherent, preoccupation with pain. Perceptual disturbances in the form of visual and auditory hallucinations. Insomnia mixed type and there is hypobulia. Psychomotor calm on examination, history increases. Narcissistic personality traits and defense mechanisms of ego repression. Grade 4 view. CT scan of the head with and without contrast shows subacute ischemic cerebral infarction in the right internal capsule to the right thalamus and midbrain. Conclusion: Organic hallucinosis occur in non-hemorrhagic stroke caused by thrombosis process if an infarction is found in the right hemisphere. Keywords: organic hallucinations, ischemic cerebral infarction, non-hemorrhagic stroke, right hemisphere.

scholarly journals Association of Lesion Pattern and Dysphagia in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Hess ◽  
Christian Foerch ◽  
Fee Keil ◽  
Alexander Seiler ◽  
Sriramya Lapa
Keyword(s):  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Small Lesion ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Lesion Pattern ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Deep Brain

Background and Purpose: Dysphagia is a common and severe symptom of acute stroke. Although intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) account for 10% to 15% of all strokes, the occurrence of dysphagia in this subtype of stroke has not been widely investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall frequency and associated lesion locations and clinical predictors of dysphagia in patients with acute ICH. Methods: Our analysis included 132 patients with acute ICH. Clinical swallowing assessment was performed within 48 hours after admission. All patients underwent computed tomography imaging. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping was performed to determine lesion sites associated with dysphagia. Results: Eighty-four patients (63.6%) were classified as dysphagic. Higher scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, larger ICH volumes, and higher degree of disability were associated with dysphagia. Voxels showing a statistically significant association with dysphagia were mainly located in the right insular cortex, the right central operculum, as well as the basal ganglia, corona radiata, and the left thalamus and left internal capsule. In contrast to lobar regions, in subcortical deep brain areas also small lesion volumes (<10 mL) were associated with a substantial risk of dysphagia. Intraventricular ICH extension and midline shift as imaging findings indicating a space-occupying effect were not associated with dysphagia in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Dysphagia is a frequent symptom in acute ICH. Distinct cortical and subcortical lesion sites are related to swallowing dysfunction and predictive for the development of dysphagia. Therefore, patients with ICH should be carefully evaluated for dysphagia independently from lesion size, in particular if deep brain regions are affected.

Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor imaging in major depression: focal changes in orbito-insular cortex

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Biver ◽  
David Wikler ◽  
Françoise Lotstra ◽  
Philippe Damhaut ◽  
Serge Goldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Receptor Imaging ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Right

BackgroundSerotonin receptors may play an important role in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. We studied type-2 serotonin (5-HT2) receptors in the brain of patients with major depression.MethodUsing positron emission tomography (PET) and the selective radioligand [18F]altanserin, we investigated 5-HT2 receptor distribution in eight drug-free unipolar depressed patients and 22 healthy subjects. Data were analysed using Statistical Parametric Mapping 95.ResultsIn depressed patients, [18F]altanserin uptake was significantly reduced in a region of the right hemisphere including the posterolateral orbitofrontal cortex and the anterior insular cortex. A trend to similar changes was found in the left hemisphere. No correlation was found between the uptake and the Hamilton rating scale score.ConclusionsPathophysiology of depression may involve changes in 5-HT2 receptor in brain regions selectively implicated in mood regulation.

scholarly journals Dissociated Crossed Speech Areas in a Tumour Patient

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Mauler ◽  
Irene Neuner ◽  
Georg Neuloh ◽  
Bruno Fimm ◽  
Frank Boers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Wada Test ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Eloquent Areas ◽  
Tumour Removal ◽  
Frontal Operculum ◽  
The Right ◽  
Impaired Speech

In the past, the eloquent areas could be deliberately localised by the invasive Wada test. The very rare cases of dissociated crossed speech areas were accidentally found based on the clinical symptomatology. Today functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based imaging can be employed to non-invasively localise the eloquent areas in brain tumour patients for therapy planning. A 41-year-old, left-handed man with a low-grade glioma in the left frontal operculum extending to the insular cortex, tension headaches, and anomic aphasia over 5 months underwent a pre-operative speech area localisation fMRI measurement, which revealed the evidence of the transhemispheric disposition, where the dominant Wernicke speech area is located on the left and the Broca’s area is strongly lateralised to the right hemisphere. The outcome of the Wada test and the intraoperative cortico-subcortical stimulation mapping were congruent with this finding. After tumour removal, language area function was fully preserved. Upon the occurrence of brain tumours with a risk of impaired speech function, the rare dissociate crossed speech areas disposition may gain a clinically relevant meaning by allowing for more extended tumour removal. Hence, for its identification, diagnostics which take into account both brain hemispheres, such as fMRI, are recommended.

Autonomic response after hemorrhagic stroke in the right insular cortex: What is the common pathophysiology in rat and human?; Reply

2021 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 102772
Author(s):  
Fernanda Ribeiro Marins ◽  
Marcelo Limborço-Filho ◽  
Carlos Henrique Xavier ◽  
Silvia Guatimosim ◽  
Marco Antônio Peliky Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Time Perception through the Processing of Verb Tenses: An ERP study regarding Mental Time Travel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalabos Papageorgiou ◽  
Anastasios E. Giannopoulos ◽  
Athanasios S. Fokas ◽  
Paul M. Thompson ◽  
Nikolaos C. Kapsalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Mental Time Travel ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Alpha Oscillations ◽  
Biological Time ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTHumans are equipped with the so-called Mental Time Travel (MTT) ability, which allows them to consciously construct and elaborate past or future scenes. The mechanisms underlying MTT remain elusive. This study focused on the late positive potential (LPP) and alpha oscillations, considering that LPP covaries with the temporal continuity whereas the alpha oscillations index the temporal organization of perception. To that end, subjects were asked to focus on performing two mental functions engaging working memory, which involved mental self-projection into either the present-past (PP) border or the present-future (PF) border. To evaluate underlying mechanisms, the evoked frontal late positive potentials (LPP) as well as their cortical sources were analyzed via the standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) technique. The LPP amplitudes - in the left lateral prefrontal areas that were elicited during PF tasks - were significantly higher than those associated with PP, whereas opposite patterns were observed in the central and right prefrontal areas. Crucially, the LPP activations of both the PP and PF self-projections overlapped with the brain’s default mode network and related interacting areas. Finally, we found enhanced alpha-related activation with respect to PP in comparison to PF, predominantly over the right hemisphere central brain regions (specifically, the precentral gyrus). These findings confirm that the two types of self-projection, as reflected by the frontally-distributed LPP, share common cortical resources that recruit different brain regions in a balanced way. This balanced distribution of brain activation might signify that biological time tends to behave in a homeostatic way.

scholarly journals Moral judgement by the disconnected left and right cerebral hemispheres: a split-brain investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 170172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor M. Steckler ◽  
J. Kiley Hamlin ◽  
Michael B. Miller ◽  
Danielle King ◽  
Alan Kingstone
Keyword(s):  
Brain Research ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Moral Judgement ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Split Brain ◽  
Moral Judgements ◽  
The Right ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Owing to the hemispheric isolation resulting from a severed corpus callosum, research on split-brain patients can help elucidate the brain regions necessary and sufficient for moral judgement. Notably, typically developing adults heavily weight the intentions underlying others' moral actions, placing greater importance on valenced intentions versus outcomes when assigning praise and blame. Prioritization of intent in moral judgements may depend on neural activity in the right hemisphere's temporoparietal junction, an area implicated in reasoning about mental states. To date, split-brain research has found that the right hemisphere is necessary for intent-based moral judgement. When testing the left hemisphere using linguistically based moral vignettes, split-brain patients evaluate actions based on outcomes, not intentions. Because the right hemisphere has limited language ability relative to the left, and morality paradigms to date have involved significant linguistic demands, it is currently unknown whether the right hemisphere alone generates intent-based judgements. Here we use nonlinguistic morality plays with split-brain patient J.W. to examine the moral judgements of the disconnected right hemisphere, demonstrating a clear focus on intent. This finding indicates that the right hemisphere is not only necessary but also sufficient for intent-based moral judgement, advancing research into the neural systems supporting the moral sense.

The Structural Language Network

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela D. Friederici ◽  
Noam Chomsky
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
White Matter Fiber Tracts ◽  
The Right

An adequate description of the neural basis of language processing must consider the entire network both with respect to its structural white matter connections and the functional connectivities between the different brain regions as the information has to be sent between different language-related regions distributed across the temporal and frontal cortex. This chapter discusses the white matter fiber bundles that connect the language-relevant regions. The chapter is broken into three sections. In the first, we look at the white matter fiber tracts connecting the language-relevant regions in the frontal and temporal cortices; in the second, the ventral and dorsal pathways in the right hemisphere that connect temporal and frontal regions; and finally in the third, the two syntax-relevant and (at least) one semantic-relevant neuroanatomically-defined networks that sentence processing is based on. From this discussion, it becomes clear that online language processing requires information transfer via the long-range white matter fiber pathways that connect the language-relevant brain regions within each hemisphere and between hemispheres.

scholarly journals Estimation of gender-specific connectional brain templates using joint multi-view cortical morphological network integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Chaari ◽  
Hatice Camgöz Akdağ ◽  
Islem Rekik
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Network Clustering ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Net Method ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract The estimation of a connectional brain template (CBT) integrating a population of brain networks while capturing shared and differential connectional patterns across individuals remains unexplored in gender fingerprinting. This paper presents the first study to estimate gender-specific CBTs using multi-view cortical morphological networks (CMNs) estimated from conventional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Specifically, each CMN view is derived from a specific cortical attribute (e.g. thickness), encoded in a network quantifying the dissimilarity in morphology between pairs of cortical brain regions. To this aim, we propose Multi-View Clustering and Fusion Network (MVCF-Net), a novel multi-view network fusion method, which can jointly identify consistent and differential clusters of multi-view datasets in order to capture simultaneously similar and distinct connectional traits of samples. Our MVCF-Net method estimates a representative and well-centered CBTs for male and female populations, independently, to eventually identify their fingerprinting regions of interest (ROIs) in four main steps. First, we perform multi-view network clustering model based on manifold optimization which groups CMNs into shared and differential clusters while preserving their alignment across views. Second, for each view, we linearly fuse CMNs belonging to each cluster, producing local CBTs. Third, for each cluster, we non-linearly integrate the local CBTs across views, producing a cluster-specific CBT. Finally, by linearly fusing the cluster-specific centers we estimate a final CBT of the input population. MVCF-Net produced the most centered and representative CBTs for male and female populations and identified the most discriminative ROIs marking gender differences. The most two gender-discriminative ROIs involved the lateral occipital cortex and pars opercularis in the left hemisphere and the middle temporal gyrus and lingual gyrus in the right hemisphere.

scholarly journals Brain Connectivity Analysis Under Semantic Vigilance and Enhanced Mental States

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fares Al-Shargie ◽  
Usman Tariq ◽  
Omnia Hassanin ◽  
Hasan Mir ◽  
Fabio Babiloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Vigilance State ◽  
The Right

In this paper, we present a method to quantify the coupling between brain regions under vigilance and enhanced mental states by utilizing partial directed coherence (PDC) and graph theory analysis (GTA). The vigilance state is induced using a modified version of stroop color-word task (SCWT) while the enhancement state is based on audio stimulation with a pure tone of 250 Hz. The audio stimulation was presented to the right and left ears simultaneously for one-hour while participants perform the SCWT. The quantification of mental states was performed by means of statistical analysis of indexes based on GTA, behavioral responses of time-on-task (TOT), and Brunel Mood Scale (BRMUS). The results show that PDC is very sensitive to vigilance decrement and shows that the brain connectivity network is significantly reduced with increasing TOT, p < 0.05. Meanwhile, during the enhanced state, the connectivity network maintains high connectivity as time passes and shows significant improvements compared to vigilance state. The audio stimulation enhances the connectivity network over the frontal and parietal regions and the right hemisphere. The increase in the connectivity network correlates with individual differences in the magnitude of the vigilance enhancement assessed by response time to stimuli. Our results provide evidence for enhancement of cognitive processing efficiency with audio stimulation. The BRMUS was used to evaluate the emotional states of vigilance task before and after using the audio stimulation. BRMUS factors, such as fatigue, depression, and anger, significantly decrease in the enhancement group compared to vigilance group. On the other hand, happy and calmness factors increased with audio stimulation, p < 0.05.

scholarly journals Medial Cortical Structures Mediate Implicit Trustworthiness Judgments about Kin Faces, but Not Familiar Faces: A Brief Report

Psych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Platek ◽  
Judson C. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
The Self ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
The Right ◽  
Processing Network

Human kin recognition activates substrates of the extended facial processing network, notably the right-hemisphere structures involved in self-face recognition and posterior medial cortical substrates. To understand the mechanisms underlying prosociality toward kin faces in comparison to other familiar faces, we investigated the neural correlates of implicit trustworthiness ratings to faces of actual kin and personal friends, controlling for activation to distracter faces. When controlling for activation associated with unknown faces, trustworthiness ratings of faces of kin, compared to friends, were associated with increased activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate, and precuneous. On the other hand, trustworthiness ratings of friend faces, relative to kin faces, were associated with the lateral occipital gyrus and insular cortex. Trustworthiness ratings for unknown faces were only associated with activation in the fusiform gyrus. These findings suggest that we should employ medial cortical substrates known to be part of the self-other network when making implicit social judgements about kin, but not other classes of facial stimuli.

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