scholarly journals Correlation between Leptin Levels and CD4 Count in HIV Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 365-368
Author(s):  
Lydia Theresia Tampubolon ◽  
Dharma Lindarto ◽  
Santi Syafril
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Keywords Leptin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Mean

Background: HIV/AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease with CD4 T lymphocytes as the main target. Although antiretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy of HIV patients, its adverse effect, lipodystrophy, causes a decrease in leptin production by adipose tissue and reduce leptin effect on T lymphocytes’ stimulation. Previous studies had examined the correlation between leptin levels and CD4 count, although the results were inconclusive. This study aims to assess the association between leptin levels and CD4 count in HIV patients receiving HAART. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted at the outpatient clinic of Tropical and Infectious Disease Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan between April and July 2020. Correlation between variables were assessed through Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlations. Data were analyzed using the SPPS program where p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 40 HIV patients were analyzed. The mean age of the subjects were 33.62 ± 7.61 years. The mean leptin levels were 1198.97 ± 832.47 ng/mL and the mean CD4 count was 330.55 ± 163.98 cells/mm3. There were no significant differences in leptin levels between HIV stage III and IV (1067.71 ± 902.39 vs. 1090.80 ± 1185.74, p = 0.961). No significant differences were found between CD4 count and HIV clinical stage (392.34 ± 164.70 vs. 339.0 ± 177.46, p = 0.904). There was a significant association between leptin levels and CD4 count in HIV patients receiving HAART (r = 0.351, p = 0.026). Conclusion: Leptin levels were significantly correlated with CD4 count in HIV patients receiving HAART. Keywords: Leptin, CD4 lymphocyte count, HIV, highly active antiretroviral therapy.

scholarly journals Hematological Profile of HIV-Infected Patients on First-Line Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Its Correlation With CD4 Count

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Jospeh Diamond Princy ◽  
Kshetrimayum Birendra Singh ◽  
Ningthoujam Biplab ◽  
Ningthoukhongjam Reema ◽  
Rajesh Boini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a state of profound immunodeficiency. Disorders of hematopoietic system are a common but often overlooked complication of HIV infection. This can manifest at any stage of the disease but more commonly in the advanced stage with low CD4 count. Anemia is the most common hematological abnormality in HIV patients and prevalence ranges from 1.3 to 95%. As HIV disease progresses, the prevalence and severity of anemia also increase. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the hematological parameters of HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at different treatment durations with the hope to improve the HAART outcome in HIV patients and its correlation with CD4 count. Methods This prospective longitudinal study enrolled 134 HIV-infected patients admitted to or attending the OPD in the Department of Medicine or Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Center (Center of Excellence), Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, from 2018 to 2020. Complete hemogram, CD4 count, and other related-blood investigations were studied. Results The mean age of the study population was 39.9 ± 11.04 years. Of the 134 patients, 75 (56%) were males and 59 (44%) were females. Twelve (9%) patients had a history of injecting drug use (IDU). TLE (tenofovir, lamivudine, efavirenz) regimen was started on 112 (83.6%) patients and the majority of them (69/134 [51.5%]) had a CD4 count of 200 to 499 cells/mm3, which increased significantly 6 months after HAART to 99 to 1,149 cells/mm3, with a mean of 445 ± 217 cells/mm3. There were significant improvements in hemoglobin (Hb) levels, total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) after HAART indicating a positive correlation with CD4 count (p < 0.05). Thrombocytopenia was observed higher after HAART when compared to baseline. There was a positive correlation between platelet count and CD4 count. However, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) had a negative correlation with CD4 count. Conclusion The study inferred a strong positive correlation between CD4 and Hb levels, TLC, ANC, ALC, and platelet count after HAART with improvement in these values as CD4 count increases. Specific treatment intervention based on the changes in the immunohematological profile trends can help prevent most of the adverse effects on HIV patients in our community.

scholarly journals Liver Enzymes Abnormalities among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Experienced and HAART Naïve HIV-1 Infected Patients at Debre Tabor Hospital, North West Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melashu Balew Shiferaw ◽  
Ketema Tafess Tulu ◽  
Amtatachew Moges Zegeye ◽  
Amarech Asratie Wubante
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv 1

Liver disease has emerged as the most common non-AIDS-related cause of death in HIV patients. However, there is limited data regarding this condition including our setting in Ethiopia. Hence, liver enzyme abnormalities among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) experienced and HAART naïve patients were assessed in this study. A total of 164 HAART experienced and 164 HAART naïve patients were studied. Blood specimen was collected to determine alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), CD4 count, and viral hepatitis. The prevalence of liver enzyme abnormality was 20.1% and 22.0% among HAART experienced and HAART naïve patients, respectively. The HAART experienced patients had higher mean ALT than HAART naïve patients (P=0.002). Viral hepatitis (AOR = 6.02; 95% CI = 1.87–19.39), opportunistic infections (AOR = 2.91; 95% CI = 1.04–8.19), current CD4 count <200 cells/mm3(AOR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.06–4.39), and male sex (AOR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.001–3.33) were associated with elevated ALT and/or AST. In conclusion, liver enzyme abnormalities were high in both HAART experienced and HAART naïve HIV-1 infected patients. Hence, monitoring and management of liver enzyme abnormalities in HIV-1 infected patients are important in our setting.

scholarly journals Time to initial highly active antiretroviral therapy discontinuation and its predictors among HIV patients in Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tewodros Getnet Amera ◽  
Kassawmar Angaw Bogale ◽  
Yibekal Manaye Tefera
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Therapy Discontinuation ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Initial Regimen

Abstract Background Anti-retroviral therapy regimen discontinuations become a big challenge and cause diminishing the clinical and immunological benefit of treatment in Ethiopia. It reduces both the duration and the chance of viral control due to cross-resistance between different alternative drugs and overlapping toxicity between and within a class of antiretroviral drugs in Ethiopia. However, information’s on the time of initial regimen discontinuation and its predictors are not well studied. Objective This study aimed to assess the time to initial highly active antiretroviral therapy discontinuation and its predictors among HIV patients in Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, North West Ethiopia. Method Institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 418 HIV patients who started HAART from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2019. Data were collected from the patient chart using a data extraction tool. The Kaplan–Meier curve was employed to compare survival rates. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to identify independent predictors of time to initial regimen discontinuation. Result A total of 418 patients on anti-retroviral therapy were followed. Incidence of initial HAART discontinuation was 16.7/100 person year. The median survival time was 3.5 years. Predictors showed association for time to initial HAART discontinuation were taking > 1 ART pills/day (AHR = 4.1, 95% CI 3.0–6.5), baseline CD4 count < 100 cells/mm3 (AHR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.5–4.7), 100–199 cells/mm3 (AHR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.0), baseline WHO clinical stage IV (AHR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.6–4.3) and stage III (AHR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.4–4.3) and TB infection (AHR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.6–3.5). Conclusion Most of the discontinuation occurred after 1 year of initiation of HAART. Baseline WHO clinical stage, TB infection, baseline CD4 count, and taking > 1 ART pill/day were found predictors of initial HAART regimen discontinuation. Work on early detection of HIV before the disease is advanced and initiation of one ART regimen daily is vital for survival on the initial regimen.

scholarly journals Clinical and immunological responses of zidovudine lamivudine-nevirapine versus tenofovir lamivudine-efavirenz antiretroviral treatment among HIV-1 infected adults: Gandhi Hospital, Telangana, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2177
Author(s):  
Deepak Pandharpurkar ◽  
Gudikandula Krishna ◽  
P. Mallikarjun
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active

Background: HAART (Highly active antiretroviral therapy) is the cornerstone of management of patients with HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy was started in the year 1986 with the first drug Zidovudine (ZDV). Later on, other antiretroviral drugs (NRTIs, NNRTIs and Pls) were introduced. Dual and mono therapies were used initially but the problem of resistance emerged. Currently, 3 or more ARV drugs are recommended globally for the treatment of people with HIV infection.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at a tertiary care Hospital over 200 patients, two commonly used medications are ZLN (Zidovudine+Lamivudine+Nevirapine) and TLE (Tenofovir+Lamivudine+Efavirenz ). The factors considered to affect the clinical and immunologic outcomes in both groups were assessed using baseline CD4 count, WHO clinical staging, presence of chronic diarrhea, anemia, and baseline weight, occurrence of TB, and switching of ART regimen.Results: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. ART documents of 100 patients are on Zidovudine+Lamivudine+Nevirapine) and 100 patients are on TLE (Tenofovir+Lamivudine+Efavirenz) regimen. Out of 200 patients, 97 were males and 103 were females. Maximum number of subjects were in the age of 15-45 years (82.5%) followed by 45 and above (17.5%). Mean age was 34.5±2.5 (years) with range 15 to 65 years. The baseline CD4 count of the patients, 94 were <350 and 6 were ≥350 on ZLN, in case of TLE 82 were <350 and 18 were ≥350. CD4 count after 6 months in 200 patients as follows, 60 were <350 and 40 were ≥350 in case of TLE 53 were <350 and 47 were ≥350.Conclusions: This research finding concluded that there is no critical difference between the two medications in regards to serious adverse events but did find that TDF is superior to AZT in terms of immunologic response and adherence and more frequent emergence of resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia and Immunological Markers in HIV-Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Northeastern Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. IDRT.S10477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ballah Akawu Denue ◽  
Ibrahim Musa Kida ◽  
Ahmed Hammagabdo ◽  
Ayuba Dayar ◽  
Mohammed Abubakar Sahabi
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Total Lymphocyte ◽  
The Impact

Background There are conflicting reports on the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in resolving hematological complications. Whereas some studies have reported improvements in hemoglobin and other hematological parameters resulting in reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV patients, others have reported no improvement in hematocrit values of HAART-treated HIV patients compared with HAART-naïve patients. Objective This current study was designed to assess the impact of HAART in resolving immunological and hematological complications in HIV patients by comparatively analyzing the results (immunological and hematological) of HAART-naive patients and those on HAART in our environment. Methods A total of 500 patients participated, consisting of 315 HAART-naive (119 males and 196 females) patients and 185 HAART-experienced (67 males and 118 females) patients. Hemoglobin (Hb), CD4+ T-cell count, total white blood count (WBC), lymphocyte percentage, plateletes, and plasma HIV RNA were determined. Results HAART-experienced patients were older than their HAART-naive counterparts. In HAART-naive patients, the incidence of anemia (packed cell volume [PCV] <30%) was 57.5%, leukopenia (WBC < 2.5), 6.1%, and thrombocytopenia < 150, 9.6%; it was, significantly higher compared with their counterparts on HAART (24.3%, 1.7%, and 1.2%, respectively). The use of HAART was not associated with severe anemia. Of HAART-naive patients, 57.5% had a CD4 count < 200 cells/μL in comparison with 20.4% of HAART-experienced patients ( P < 0.001). The mean viral load log10 was significantly higher in HAART-naive than in HAART-experienced patients ( P < 0.001). Total lymphocyte count < 1.0 was a significant predictor of <CD4 counts < 200 cells/μL in HAART-naïve patients, but this relationship was not observed in HAART-experienced patients. Conclusion HAART has the capability of reducing the incidence of anemia, other deranged hematological and immunological parameters associated with disease progression, and death in HIV-infected patients. Total lymphocyte count fails to predict CD4 count < 200 cells/μL in our cohort; thus, its use in the management and monitoring of HIV-infected patients in our settings is not reliable.

scholarly journals Langerhans cells in periodontal disease of HIV- and HIV+ patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kato Segundo ◽  
Giovanna Ribeiro Souto ◽  
Ricardo Alves Mesquita ◽  
Fernando Oliveira Costa
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Highly Active
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