scholarly journals Correlation of C-Peptide and HbA1c in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
V. Aruna
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus -NIDDM) is a chronic metabolic disorder most prevalent in India with microvascular complications. Several studies were underway to identify biomarkers to detect complications associated with increasing duration of disease. The present study was done to understand the role of Connecting peptide (C-peptide) in pathogenesis of microvascular changes and it’s correlation to dyslipidemia of T2DM. The study was done at Government General Hospital, Guntur. In this study 61 known T2 DM patients and 51 age sex matched controls were selected. Their fasting blood samples were analysed for FBS, HbA1C, Urea, Creatinine, Total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and C-peptide. Dyslipidemia was not observed in Diabetic patients compared to controls (TC, HDLC & NonHDL p = 0.363, 0.294 & 0.336 respectively). HbA1C and C-peptide showed significant correlation between cases and controls (P = <0.00001). C-peptide showed significant correlation with lipid parameters & lipid ratios in individuals with poor glycemic control identified by HbA1c value of >9%. (ANOVA p = <0.0001) Pearson’s correlation showed negative relation of HbA1c and C-peptide with lipid parameters TC, HDLC & Non HDLC (r = 0.378, 0.732, 0.313 and 0.81, 0.91 & 0.843 consecutively). C-peptide showed significant variation with Non HDL / HDL ratio & Non HDL / TC ratio (p = <0.002 & <0.00007) in diabetic patients with poor glycemic control identified by HbA1c of > 9%. We conclude that C-peptide would be a good marker to assess degree of function of pancreas and predictor of atherogenic complication in longstanding NIDDM. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, C-peptide, HbA1c, Atherogenesis.

scholarly journals Factors associated with poor glycemic control among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1539-1546
Author(s):  
Sultan A.M. Saghir ◽  
Abdullah E.A. Alhariri ◽  
Sameer A. Alkubat ◽  
Amer A. Almiamn ◽  
Saleem H. Aladaileh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Purpose: To determine the status of glycemic control and its associated factors among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Hodeidah City, Yemen. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved T2DM patients attending an outpatient clinic at the Military Hospital in Hodeidah, from January to March 2017. Relevant socio-demographic characteristics, clinical factors and self-management behaviours were recorded in face-to-face interviews. Blood pressure, body weight, and height measurements were also obtained. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile were evaluated. Urine samples were also obtained and analysed by albuminuria assay. Results: Of 246 participants, 73.2 % showed poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7 %). Female patients, those aged ≥ 40 years, the illiterate, and Khat chewers were more likely to have poor glycemic control. Moreover, longer disease duration, insulin administration and albuminuria were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. In contrast, a healthy diet, physical exercise, proper self-monitoring of blood glucose levels and taking medicines as prescribed significantly increased the likelihood of good glycemic control. Conclusion: A majority of the Yemeni diabetic patients have poor glycemic control. To achieve better awareness, diabetes educational programs that highlight the benefits of self-management are recommended.

scholarly journals Glycemic control and its determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110230
Author(s):  
Tadesse Alemu ◽  
Tirhas Tadesse ◽  
Getasew Amogne
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the level of glycemic control and its determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was employed. The sample size was determined using a single proportion formula and 245 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were involved in this study. Systematic sampling method was used to select the study subjects. Standard questionnaire was used to collect patient’s biographic data, economic data, self-care activities, and patient compliance to medications. Summary statistics of a given data were calculated. Logistic regression model was used to measure the relationship between the outcome and predictor variable. Direction and strength of association was expressed using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Result: More than three-fourth, 191 (80.3%) of diabetic patients had poor glycemic control. Poor glycemic control was found to be 7.03 times higher among diabetic patients with duration of 5–10 years (adjusted odds ratio = 7.03, 95% confidence interval = 2.7–18.6). Similarly, diabetic patients with a duration of above 10 years were poorly controlled their blood sugar level (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.028–5.08) in comparison to diabetic patients with a duration of fewer than 5 years. It was also found that compliance with a specific diet was significantly associated with good control of blood sugar level (adjusted odds ratio = 3.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–11.13). Conclusion: The magnitude of patients with poor glycemic control was high. Duration of diabetes and non-compliance with diets high in fruits, vegetables, and diets low in fat and sugar were significantly related to uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Therefore, developing strategies targeted toward improving blood glucose control with special attention to diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with a duration of ⩾5 years and those who poorly comply with their diet was strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Correlation between atherogenic factors in complicated and uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Rajdeepak V. S. ◽  
Rekha G. ◽  
Jayashree S. C.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. The factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization and increased glucose production. The vascular complications of DM are subdivided into microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy) and macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease). There is an observed disparity between various vascular complications of diabetes and the atherogenic factors.Methods: The patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending outpatient and inpatient departments in Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College and hospital, from September 2014 to September 2016 were selected for this study. All patients were subjected to detailed history, physical examination and laboratory investigations with respect to complications of diabetes mellitus.Results: In this study, 76% of the patients had poor glycemic control with elevated HbA1c >7%. 38% of patients had normal BMI. 36% of patients were overweight and 26% were obese. 62% of patients were either overweight or obese. Hypercholesterolemia was seen in 26% of patients with poor glycemic control. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 38% of patients with microvascular complications and 33% of patients with macrovascular complications.Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes mellitus showed a strong correlation between glycemic status and incidence of diabetes complications. Hypercholesterolemia and hyperhomocysteinemia have added to the increased incidence of complications as additional factors in metabolic derangements as a consequence of poor glycemic control.

scholarly journals The Effect of Health Education on Control Glycemic at Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Rusdiana Rusdiana ◽  
Maya Savira ◽  
Sry Suryani Widjaja ◽  
Dedi Ardinata
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Educational Course

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term education on glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and fasting blood sugar [FBS]) among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending to primary health care (PHC) in Medan Johor of North Sumatera, Indonesia. METHODS: The study was performed on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Johor PHC, Medan of North Sumatera, on 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We took the samples of all the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus who attend PHC in Medan Johor. The patients received for 3 months intervention by education. An educational course of diabetes together with exercise training and nutritional education was designed for the study population in order to increase the patients’ knowledge and attitude toward diabetes and to increase their participation in the self-monitoring of glycemic control. Samples of FBS and HbA1c were recorded for each patient at the time of the baseline survey, then health education was conducted to the diabetic patients of both sexes attending PHC. The patients received standard advice on diet management and variation about activity. We put HbA1c <6.5% as cut limit for the control of diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: All 40 type 2 diabetes patients completed the educational course. The mean of age of the samples is 62.53 years old, the mean of body mass index was 24.81 kg/m, and the mean of waist size was 92.15 cm. Before the education, the mean of FBS level was 238.83 mg/dl and the mean of Hba1c value is 8.90%. After education, the FBS was 216.88 mg/dl, the mean of HbA1c value was 8.74%. CONCLUSION: The effect of health education in Johor Public Health Care Medan city reduced glycemic control (FBS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, North Sumatera, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Glycaemic Regulation with Zinc Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Gangaram Bhadarge ◽  
Pratibha Dawande ◽  
Nandkishor Bankar ◽  
Raunak Kotecha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Low Levels

Introduction: Zn supplementation improved glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in diabetic rats, revealing Zn's defensive effect against oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. The investigators have discovered that consuming Zn increased liver function and protected pancreatic tissue from damage caused by diabetes. Since Zn also prevents chronic hyperglycemia, it helps to minimize oxidative stress caused by type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem that affects more than 3 million people worldwide (16% of population). Chronic hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in diabetic patients by the development of free radicals (oxidants) and lowering the antioxidant protection mechanism. Aim: Glycaemic Regulation with Zinc Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: Faculty of Medicine and Diabetic Opd, Datta Meghe Mediсаl Соllege and Shаlinitаi Meghe Hоsрitаl аnd Reseаrсh Сenter, Nаgрur in соllаbоrаtion with Dаttа Meghe Institute оf Mediсаl Sсienсes Deemed to be University, Sаwаngi, Wаrdhа, Mаhаrаshtrа. Results: The mean Zn level was 12.213±2.342in all participants and 9.121±1.782 in the control group, whereas it was significantly low (9.121±1.782) in the diabetic group, and there was statistically significant difference in Zn levels between the controls and the diabetic group (P < 0.001).FBS, HbA1C, serum Zinc mean effects between control and patients showed statistically significant differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus (P <0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings show that people with diabetes have lower levels of Zn than healthy people. The cause and effect of the association between very low levels of Zn and the progression of diabetes, or diabetes that causes Zn deficiency, is still unknown. Low levels of Zn are associated with poor glycemic control, and poor glycemic control is a good indication of Zn deficiency, as there was a negative association between serum Zn and FBS and HBA1C. If diabetic patients have low glycemic regulation, a long history of diabetes, obesity, or are over the age of 50, we look to assess their levels in Zn so that Zn alternative treatment can begin to release oxidative stress in this high-risk group.

STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF NEPHROPATHY AND RETINOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER, UDAIPUR

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Yash Salil Patel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Microvascular complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), (retinopathy and nephropathy) have a similar etiopathogenetic mechanism besides genetic predisposition. Even though these two complications frequently co-exist, their frequency varies. The association of these two signicant complications and their coexistence needs a relook. To study prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes mel Aim: litus. Comparison of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy with duration of illness and various risk factors that affects development, progression and severity of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. 100 diabetic patients were taken up for study for a period of one year meeti Methodology: ng the criteria for the present study. Detailed history was taken from patient and meticulous examination was done of all patients with special emphasis on renal and ophthalmic symptoms. Clinical data and investigation prole was tabulated. Statistical analysis was done. Among 100 patients, 22 had diabetic retinopathy. Among patients with diab Results & Conclusion: etic retinopathy, 68.18% patients had positive family history. Among 100 patients, 32 had diabetic nephropathy, mean FBS was 207 mg%, PPBS was 317.8 mg% and mean HbA was 9.2%. Among patients with diabetic retinopathy, mean FBS was 211 mg%, PPBS was 324.9 1c mg%, HbA was 9.5%. From this study it is found that diabetic nephropathy starts earlier than retinopathy. In this study 1c hypertension was found to accelerate progression into nephropathy and retinopathy.

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