scholarly journals Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in School Going Children in Rural Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Kishor Pandurang Kadu ◽  
Smita Kishor Kadu ◽  
Santosh Yadavrao Ingle
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Bitot’S Spot ◽  
Adequate Data

Background: Adequate data on occurrence of ocular morbidities associated with vitamin A deficiency amongst school going children was not available. So, our study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among the primary school children in relation to socio-economical status. Methods: The study was designed among school children of 5-15 years of age after taking consent form from principals of different schools in the rural areas of Amravati district in Maharashtra. A predesigned proforma was used to collect the information. Results: Total 600 school children were examined for Vitamin A deficiency, out of which 314 (52.50%) were boys and 286 (47.75%) were girls. Among the school children 106 (13.7%) students were under the age group of 5-10 years and 494 (86.3%) students were 11- 15 years. According to modified Kuppuswamy scale of Socio-economic status 96 (16%) students belongs to class III, 458 (76.33%) students from class IV and 46 (7.66%) students from class V. Prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency was observed in 34 (5.7%) students, among them 6 (17.64%) had conjunctival xerosis and 28 (82.35%) had bitot’s spot. Among 34 Vitamin A deficiency children 22 (64.70%) were girls and 12 (35.29%) were boys. Conclusion: The presence of ocular morbidity in relation to vitamin A deficiency was observed in students with low socio-economic classes. Prevention, early intervention and treatment of ocular diseases by regular screening of students and nutritional education in schools would definitely decrease the risk of ocular abnormalities. Keywords: HVitamin A deficiency, xerophthalmia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in school children aged 6-16 years in Taoru Tehsil of South Haryana

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Rahul Roy ◽  
Aparna Gupta ◽  
Monica Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Class Iv

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sufficient data on occurrence of ocular morbidities associated with vitamin A deficiency (VAD) amongst school children was not available. Hence this study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of clinical forms of vitamin A deficit among the primary school children in relation to socio-economical status and BMI associated risks related to VAD.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A randomized sampling study was designed among school children of 6-16 years of age after taking consent form from principal and teachers of different schools in Taoru Tehsil of South Haryana. A predesigned performa was used to collect the information.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 300 school children were examined for VAD, out of which 157 (52.3%) were boys and 143 (47.7%) were girls. Among the school children 53 (13.7%) students were under the age group of 6-11 years and 247 (86.3%) students were 12-16 years. Prevalence of VAD was observed in17 (5.7%) students, among them1 (0.3%) was associated with night blindness, 1(0.3%) conjunctival xerosis and 14 (5%) with bitots spot. Among 17 VAD suspects 13 (76.5%) were girls and 4 (23.5%) were boys. According to modified Kuppuswamy scale of Socio-economic status 48 (16%) students belongs to class III, 229 (76.33%) students from class IV and 23 (7.66%) students from class V. Out of 17 VAD suspects 2 (11.76%) belongs to class III, 14 (82.35%) belongs to class IV and 1 (5.88%) belongs to class V. Out of 17 VAD suspects all 17 (100%) were underweight.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>Socio-economic status and BMI index were closely associated with VAD. Prevention, early recognition, prompt treatment of ocular diseases by regular screening of students and nutritional education in schools would definitely decreases the risk of ocular abnormalities.<p> </p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of ocular signs and subclinical vitamin A deficiency and its determinants among rural pre-school children in India

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avula Laxmaiah ◽  
Madhavan K Nair ◽  
Nimmathota Arlappa ◽  
Pullakhandam Raghu ◽  
Nagalla Balakrishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ocular Signs

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the magnitude and determinants of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and coverage of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) among pre-school children.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was carried out by adopting a multistage, stratified, random sampling procedure.SettingRural areas of eight states in India.SubjectsPre-school children and their mothers were covered.ResultsA total of 71 591 pre-school children were clinically examined for ocular signs of VAD. Serum retinol concentrations in dried blood spots were assessed in a sub-sample of 3954 children using HPLC. The prevalence of Bitot spots was 0·8 %. The total ocular signs were significantly higher (P < 0·001) among boys (2·6 %) compared with girls (1·9 %) and in older children (3–4 years) compared (P < 0·001) with younger (1–2 years), and were also high in children of labourers, scheduled castes and illiterate mothers. The odds of having Bitot spots was highest in children of scheduled caste (OR = 3·8; 95 % CI 2·9, 5·0), labourers (OR = 2·9; 95 % CI 2·1, 3·9), illiterate mothers (OR = 2·7; 95 % CI 2·2, 2·3) and households without a sanitary latrine (OR = 5·9; 95 % CI 4·0, 8·7). Subclinical VAD (serum retinol level <20 μg/dl) was observed in 62 % of children. This was also relatively high among scheduled caste and scheduled tribe children. The rate of coverage of VAS was 58 %.ConclusionsThe study revealed that VAD is a major nutritional problem and coverage of VAS was poor. The important determinants of VAD were illiteracy, low socio-economic status, occupation and poor sanitation. Strengthening the existing VAS programme and focused attention on dietary diversification are essential for prevention of VAD.

Red palm oil as a source of β-carotene in a school biscuit used to address vitamin A deficiency in primary school children

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (sup1) ◽  
pp. s43-s50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. van Stuijvenberg ◽  
M. Faber ◽  
M. A. Dhansay ◽  
C. J. Lombard ◽  
N. Vorster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Red Palm Oil ◽  
Β Carotene

scholarly journals Vitamin A Deficiency among Rural Primary School Children, A still Neglected Group for Vitamin A Supplementation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Nawidimbasba ZEBA ◽  
Jean Fidèle Bationo ◽  
Olivier Ouahamin Sombié ◽  
Jeoffray Diendéré
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
School Children ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
High Dose

Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is still a public health problem across the globe and also in Burkina Faso, especially for under-five-years-old children. Since less information is available about the prevalence of VAD among the primary school children, this study aimed to study this area. Methods: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of high dose of vitamin A (VA) and daily zinc versus high dose of VA and daily zinc placebo (6 days per week) during four months among the primary school children. Of the total number of 200 school children, 100 were allocated to two random groups. Participants’ gender, age, weight, and height were measured, a blood smear was performed for malaria diagnosis, stool samples were collected for intestine parasites’ assessment, and blood samples were collected for haemoglobin and serum retinol measurement. Results: Baseline data of 183 school children were analysed and the findings showed that 20.6% of the school children were underweight (23.2% in girls vs. 16.5% in boys; P = 0.043). Anemia affected 36.2%, 39% had Plasmodium Falciparum, and 37.6% had intestine parasites. Furthermore, VAD prevalence was 46.1% (51.0% in boys vs. 41.2% in girls; P = 0,072). Conclusion: Among primary school children in the Western part of Burkina Faso, VAD is not only higher than other regions of the country, but also twice the critical level and defined as a severe public health problem by WHO. This result calls for action among the primary school children and recalls the importance of taking strategies against VAD among under-five-year-old children.

scholarly journals Albendazole increases serum retinol concentration in primary schoolchildren with low serum retinol

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Jane Florida Kalumpiu ◽  
Yenny Djuardi ◽  
Taniawati Supali
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Serum Retinol Concentration ◽  
Retinol Concentration ◽  
Low Serum

Background<br />Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection is still a health problem in Indonesia. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is often found together with STH. The effect of the deworming program on the vitamin A status of primary school children is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of albendazole on serum retinol concentrations in primary school children.<br /><br />Methods<br />An experimental study of pre-post test design without control was carried out on 118 children from grades 3-5 at one primary school in North Jakarta, from July to September 2014. Flotac examination was used to determine STH infections and high performance liquid chromatography was performed to measure serum retinol concentration. Stool and blood samples were taken twice: before and three weeks after treatment with albendazole 400 mg single dose for three consecutive days given to all children either infected or uninfected. Paired t-test was used to analyze the data. <br /><br />Results<br />Of the 118 children, the prevalence of STH was 71.2%. The prevalence of low retinol serum (&lt;1.05 mmol/L) was 17 (17.2%) and of mild VAD was 2 (2.0%). Albendazole given in 3 consecutive days could not increase serum retinol concentrations (p=0.055). Serum retinol concentration significantly increased after albendazole treatment in children with low retinol serum at baseline (p=0.001). <br /><br />Conclusions<br />In children with low serum retinol concentration, treatment with albendazole increased retinol concentration. Integrated deworming and vitamin A supplementation strategies should be evaluated in this population.

scholarly journals Nutritional and health status of primary school children in rural Uganda

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (50) ◽  
pp. 5862-5880
Author(s):  
H Acham ◽  
◽  
JK Kikafunda ◽  
T Tylleskar ◽  
MK Malde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia

Poor nutrition and health can affect children’s education. The nutritional status of school children (9-15 years) was assessed in Kumi district, Eastern Uganda in 2006-2007. Selection of schools was done using modified cluster sampling involving 34 schools (n=645). Assessments for nutritional status were done anthropometrically (height and weight), biochemically (iron, n=145; iodine, n=87; and vitamin A, n=145) and assessment for health status was done following the formal ether concentration technique for examination for intestinal helminths (n=189) and a quick malaria (n=119) test for malaria parasites. Prevalence rates for stunting, underweight and thinness were 8.7% (95CI 6.7-11.1); 13.0% (95CI 10.6-15.8); and 10.1% (95CI 7.9-12.6), respectively of which males and the older age group of children were more affected. Prevalence rates for iodine deficiency, anaemia, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) were 3.4% (95CI 0.9-9.1); 24.1% (95CI 17.7-31.6); 82.1% (95CI 75.2-87.7); and 30.3% (95CI 23.3- 38.2), respectively. Anaemia (measured as haemoglobin status), iron deficiency (measured as serum Ferritin) and VAD (measured as serum retinol) were higher among females (26.3%, 95CI 17.5-36.7; 83.8%, 95CI 74.4-90.7; 33.8%, 95CI 24.0-44.6) compared to males (21.5%, 95CI 12.8-32.8; 80%, 95CI 69.0-88.4; 26.2%, 95CI 16.6-37.8). Geohelminth (S.mansoni & N.americanus) and malaria parasitemia were 4.8% and 46.2%, respectively. Prevalence rates for stunting, iodine deficiency and geohelminth infections were low. The high prevalence rates of wasting/thinness, underweight, iron and vitamin A deficiencies show these as significant public health problems among school children in Kumi district. There is a need to focus attention on nutritional and health conditions of school children to improve their conditions. Much can be done to prevent malaria infection by promoting the use of Insecticide Treated Nets and chemoprophylaxis. The biennial dosage with albendazole for deworming, and universal use of iodized salt in Uganda are success stories that should continue; iron deficiency anaemia can be controlled through nutrition education, provision of nutritious school meals coupled with control of malaria and deworming. Since many children attend school, such services if delivered through school systems would assist those school children who most need them.

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