scholarly journals NECESSITY OF PRESERVATION OF THE NATURAL CLIMATE OF TSKHALTUBO (KUMISTAVI) CAVE DURING ITS OPERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
Optimum Operation ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
Air Circulation

To preserve the natural climate regime in the Tskhaltubo Cave Systems it is necessary to carry out the permanent seasonal meteorological observations on the climatic parameters in the underground area. Which will ensure the optimum operation of the cave system. By means of mentioned conditions will be to the conservation and this facility. For preservation of the natural regime of air circulation and for preservation of the optimum climate parameters, we consider it is necessary to introduce the following restrictions: during the cold period, the number of visitors should not exceed 7,000 person/season, and. in summer and spring — 2000-2700 person relatively. It is necessary to establish a special research laboratory. During the operation of the cave, the following activities should be carried out systematically: monitoring the inside environment microclimate: obtaining data on ionization and radioactivity of the air. on gas and bacteriological compositions of the air. on changes in the levels of underground waters according to diurnal and seasonal cycles and the attention should be paid to the prevention of pollution.

scholarly journals NECESSITY OF PRESERVATION OF THE NATURAL CLIMATE OF TSKHALTUBO (KUMISTAVI) CAVE DURING ITS OPERATION

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
Optimum Operation ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
Air Circulation

To preserve the natural climate regime in the Tskhaltubo Cave Systems it is necessary to carry out the permanent seasonal meteorological observations on the climatic parameters in the underground area. Which will ensure the optimum operation of the cave system. By means of mentioned conditions will be to the conservation and this facility. For preservation of the natural regime of air circulation and for preservation of the optimum climate parameters, we consider it is necessary to introduce the following restrictions: during the cold period, the number of visitors should not exceed 7,000 person/season, and. in summer and spring — 2000-2700 person relatively. It is necessary to establish a special research laboratory. During the operation of the cave, the following activities should be carried out systematically: monitoring the inside environment microclimate: obtaining data on ionization and radioactivity of the air. on gas and bacteriological compositions of the air. on changes in the levels of underground waters according to diurnal and seasonal cycles and the attention should be paid to the prevention of pollution.

scholarly journals NECESSITY OF PRESERVATION OF THE NATURAL CLIMATE OF TSKHALTUBO (KUMISTAVI) CAVE DURING ITS OPERATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Lanchava ◽  
Kukuri Tsikarishvili
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
Optimum Operation ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
Air Circulation

To preserve the natural climate regime in the Tskhaltubo Cave Systems it is necessary to carry out the permanent seasonal meteorological observations on the climatic parameters in the underground area. Which will ensure the optimum operation of the cave system. By means of mentioned conditions will be to the conservation and this facility. For preservation of the natural regime of air circulation and for preservation of the optimum climate parameters, we consider it is necessary to introduce the following restrictions: during the cold period, the number of visitors should not exceed 7,000 person/season, and. in summer and spring — 2000-2700 person relatively. It is necessary to establish a special research laboratory. During the operation of the cave, the following activities should be carried out systematically: monitoring the inside environment microclimate: obtaining data on ionization and radioactivity of the air. on gas and bacteriological compositions of the air. on changes in the levels of underground waters according to diurnal and seasonal cycles and the attention should be paid to the prevention of pollution.

scholarly journals Geoinformation system of the Martkopi station: communications and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-370
Author(s):  
Robert Maghlakelidze ◽  
Tengiz Gordeziani ◽  
Neli Jamaspishvili ◽  
Manana Sharashenidze
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
State University ◽  
Geoinformation System ◽  
North East ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
New Research ◽  
Landscape Map

Martkopi Physical-Geographical station is more than half a century (50 years). This station was founded by the initiative of the head of the Department of Physical Geography, Tbilisi State University M.S. Saneblidze. A place (30 km North-East of Tbilisi) was chosen in 1962. In 1963, 3 buildings were built (the fourth was built in 1967), and on May 20, 1965 constant meteorological observations were started. During the first stage of research, in addition to meteorological observations, comprehensive physical and geographical studies of the surroundings of the Martkopi station (the Yalno ridge and adjacent territories) were carried out, and a detailed landscape map of this territory was compiled (on a scale of 1 : 25 000). In 1969, studies of the structure and functioning of the landscapes of the station environs were began. However, basically, these studies were carried out according to the methodology of biogeocenological and ecological stations. As the beginning of the “golden period” of researches at station considered to be May 20, 1971, when a new research program was adopted. This program allowed to take 5000–6000 readings during the day throughout the year, on the basis of which it was possible to get an idea of more than 100 parameters characterizing the daily state of the structure and functioning of natural-territorial complexes (NTC). The results of these studies were published in the bulletins “Observations and studies at the Martkopi station” (1973–1975). It is from this period that multicomponent studies begin, both of the structure and functioning, and of the states of the NTC. The Martkopi physico-geographical station and established on its basis the Research Laboratory for the Study of Environmental Conditions by Aerospace Methods at the Tbilisi State University in 1979, became the center of the study of the mountain geosystems’ conditions using the example of Caucasus. In this period, under the leadership of N.L. Beruchashvili was created the first expert geographic information system based on a computer and thus laid the foundation for the creation of the multicomponent working geographic system of the Martkopi physico-geographical station.

Climate change and rapid ice melt: Suggestions from abrupt permafrost degradation and ice melting in an alpine ice cave

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato R. Colucci ◽  
Mauro Guglielmin
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Positive Feedbacks ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Rock Temperature ◽  
Air Circulation

Among the different elements of the mountain cryosphere, ice caves still represent the lesser known part of it. Here we present a seven-year-long record of air and rock temperature in a cave of the southeastern European Alps. We demonstrate how the presence of a permanent ice deposit in the cave is not only related to the net cooling effect of the air circulation, as it is well known, but also to the occurrence of relict permafrost. Through a detailed representation of temperature patterns inside the cave, both air and rock data show how after a period of perennially subzero (cryotic) conditions in the rock, ongoing anthropogenic climate warming is responsible for permafrost degradation despite the cooling effect of the air circulation in the cave. Data support the important role of cryotic conditions in the rock in preserving a permanent ice cave deposit in the present climate, even once the possible relict permafrost inherited from the past disappears. A thickness of 29–44 m of permafrost, possibly formed during the Little Ice Age, has now almost completely disappeared. The present abrupt ice degradation observed in this cave is further exacerbated by positive feedbacks related to warmer air circulation in the cave system.

scholarly journals Rapid changes of the ice mass configuration in the dynamic Diablotins ice cave – Fribourg Prealps, Switzerland

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morard ◽  
M. Bochud ◽  
R. Delaloye
Keyword(s):  
Predominant Role ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Flood Period ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Chimney Effect

Abstract. The Gouffre des Diablotins is a deep cave system located in the Swiss Prealps. In 1991, the lower entrance zone of the cave was almost free of ice. Nevertheless the ice volume sharply increased in 1994, plugging almost totally the gallery from the lower entrance. The ice cave has also experienced a flood period between 1996 and 2007 and very heterogeneous ice surface morphologies and textures have formed. Continuous cave climate measurements initiated in 2009 showed the predominant role of winter atmospheric air conditions to drive both the efficiency of chimney-effect air circulation and seasonal modifications of the ice mass. The main part of the ice loss is currently due to sublimation in wintertime.

Ecological aspects of bat hibernacula in temperate climate zone of Central Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kłys ◽  
Bronisław Wołoszyn
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Temperate Climate Zone

Ecological aspects of bat hibernacula in temperate climate zone of Central Europe In temperate climate zone, undergrounds (caves) are the main place for bat hibernation. It is possible to distinguish three kinds of usage of caves by bats: caves used as a hibernaculum, where bats spend the winter period, caves used as shelters for reproductive colonies during the summer period, and caves used as temporary shelters during transitional period (spring and fall) and also as places for food. Caves used as hibernaculum must offer a suitable microclimate for bats. Several important physical factors decide on the selection by bats of a refugee for a period of hibernation. The hibernaculum should have a zone of total darkness. During hibernation bats pay special attention to air circulation, humidity and temperature. These factors are also of significance in forming the microclimate condition inside cave system. Throughout the influence above mentioned factors, a connection between microclimatic condition and topoclimate appears in the cave system and, as a consequence, a refugioclimate forms.

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