Estimating and Correcting the Regression to the Mean in Heart Rate Variability Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitriev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Heart rate variability in mental stress: The data reveal regression to the mean

Data in Brief ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitriy A. Dimitriev ◽  
Elena V. Saperova ◽  
Olga S. Indeykina ◽  
Aleksey D. Dimitriev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
The Mean

REGRESSION TO THE MEAN: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES FOR EVALUATION OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY VARIABLES FOR STRESS ASSESSMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Dimitriev D.A.
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Baseline Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Statistical Artifact ◽  
Heart Rate Recording

There is now a substantial body of evidence linking the baseline level of heart rate variability (HRV) with the magnitude of stress-induced reduction in respiratory sinus arrhythmia. However, it remains to be proved to what extent these interindividual differences in stress responses may be attributed to the statistical phenomenon of regression to the mean (RTM). We sought to test the hypothesis that the statistical artifact RTM explains pan of the baseline effect. Heart rate recording was carried out in 1156 volunteers. To obtain an estimate of the stress response. 148 persons were randomly selected. Participants were monitored on a rest day and just before an academic examination for state anxiety and HRV. Participants were divided into quartiles according to baseline HRV levels and were compared for response to academic stress. We observed a significant reduction in HRV in subjects with a high baseline HRV (> 75th percentile), while a significant increase was found in the group with low baseline HRV. Regression analysis demonstrated that the value of baseline HRV correlated with the magnitude of stress reaction consistent with the RTM model. Baseline-adjusted ANCOVA does not reveal significant intergroup differences in the changes hi heart rate (HR) and HRV from rest to exam. RTM-adjusted estimates confirmed an exam effect for HR and HRV. The results of our study strongly support RTM as the source of variability of stress-related changes in HRV.

scholarly journals Effects of Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Heart Rate Variability and Heart Rate in Patients on Chronic Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Rantanen ◽  
Sam Riahi ◽  
Martin Johansen ◽  
Erik Schmidt ◽  
Jeppe Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Chronic Dialysis ◽  
Dialysis Vintage ◽  
The Mean

Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may improve autonomic dysfunction, as indicated by an increase in heart rate variability (HRV) and reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of marine n-3 PUFA on 24-h HRV in patients on chronic dialysis, who have a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Between June 2014 and March 2016, 112 patients on chronic dialysis from Denmark were allocated to a daily supplement of 2 g marine n-3 PUFA or control for three months in a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. A 48-h Holter monitoring was performed and mean 24-h HRV indices for the two days were available in 85 patients. The mean age was 62.3 years (SD: 14.3) and median dialysis vintage was 1.7 years (IQR: 0.5, 6.4). Within-group and between-group changes in outcome were evaluated by a paired and two sample t-test, respectively. Marine n-3 PUFA did not change the primary endpoint SDNN (SD of all RR-intervals) reflecting overall HRV, but other HRV indices increased and the mean RR-interval increased significantly, corresponding to a decrease in heart rate by 2.5 beats per minute (p = 0.04). In conclusion, marine n-3 PUFA did not change SDNN, but the mean heart rate was significantly reduced and changes in other HRV-indices were also observed, indicating an increase in vagal modulation that might be protective against malignant ventricular arrhythmias.

Seven days of hot water heat acclimation does not modulate the change in heart rate variability during passive heat exposure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Gendron ◽  
Hugo Gravel ◽  
Hadiatou Barry ◽  
Daniel Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Thermal Strain ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
The Mean

We examined if the change in heart rate variability (HRV) during passive heat exposure is modified by hot water heat acclimation (HA). Sixteen healthy adults (28 ± 5 years, 5 females/11 males) underwent heat exposure in a water-perfused suit, pre and post 7 days of HA (60 minutes at rectal temperature ≥38.6°C). During passive heat exposure, heart rate (HR), the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD) and the power in the high frequency range (HF) were measured. No difference in HR (P=0.22), SDNN (P=0.87), RMSSD (P=0.79) and HF (P=0.23) was observed at baseline. The increase in HR (pre-HA: 43 ± 10, post-HA: 42 ± 9 bpm, P=0.57) and the decrease of SDNN (pre-HA: -54.1 ± 41.0, post-HA: -52.2 ± 36.8 ms, P=0.85), RMSSD (pre-HA: -70.8 ± 49.5, post-HA: -72.7 ± 50.4 ms, P=0.91) and HF (pre-HA: -28.0 ± 14.5, post-HA: -23.2 ± 17.1%, P=0.27) were not different between experimental visits at fixed increases in esophageal temperature. These results suggest that 7 consecutive days of hot water HA does not modify the change in HRV indices during passive heat exposure. Novelty bullets: - It remains unclear if heat acclimation alters the change in heart rate variability that occurs during passive heat exposure. - At matched levels of thermal strain, 7 consecutive days of hot water immersion did not modulate the change in indices of heart rate variability during passive heat exposure.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability Assessment by the Entropy Parameters during Sleep

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 468-472
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Conditional Entropy ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
The Mean

The nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) parameter quantifies autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity based on the complexity or irregularity of an HRV dataset. At present, among various entropy-related parameters during sleep, approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) are not as well understood as other entropy parameters such as Shannon entropy (SE) and conditional entropy (CE). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the characteristics of ApEn and SampEn to differentiate a rapid eye movement (REM) and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) for sleep stages. For nonlinear sleep HRV analysis, two target 10-minute, long-term HRV segments were obtained from each REM and NREM for 16 individual subjects. The target HRV segment was analyzed by moving the 2-minute window forward by 2 s, resulting in 240 results of each ApEn and SampEn. The ApEn and SampEn were averaged to obtain the mean value and standard deviation (SD) of all the results. SampEn provides excellent discrimination performance between REM and NREM in terms of the mean and SD (p<0.0001 and p=0.1989, respectively; 95% CI), but ApEn was inferior to SampEn (p=0.1980 and p=0.9931). The results indicate that SampEn, but not ApEn could be used to discriminate REM from NREM and detect various sleep-related incidents.

Assessment of heart rate variability in breath holding children by 24 hour Holter monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Yilmaz ◽  
Murat Ciftel ◽  
Kezban Ozturk ◽  
Omer Kilic ◽  
Hasan Kahveci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Holter Monitoring ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Autonomic Dysregulation ◽  
Cardiac Effects ◽  
The Mean

AbstractPurpose: Previous studies have shown that the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism in children with breath holding may be generalised autonomic dysregulation. Thus, we performed cardiac rhythm and heart rate variability analyses using 24-hour Holter monitoring to evaluate the cardiac effects of autonomic dysregulation in children with breath-holding spells. Methods: We performed cardiac rhythm and heart rate analyses using 24-hour Holter monitors to evaluate the cardiac effects of autonomic dysregulation in children during a breath-holding spell. Our study group consisted of 68 children with breath-holding spells – 56 cyanotic type and 12 pallid type – and 39 healthy controls. Results: Clinical and heart rate variability results were compared between each spell type – cyanotic or pallid – and the control group; significant differences (p<0.05) in standard deviation of all NN intervals, mean of the standard deviations of all NN intervals for all 5-minute segments, percentage of differences between adjacent RR intervals >50 ms, and square root of the mean of the sum of squares of the differences between adjacent NN intervals values were found between the pallid and cyanotic groups. Conclusions: Holter monitoring for 24 hours and heart rate variability parameters, particularly in children with pallid spells, are crucial for evaluation of cardiac rhythm changes.

Heart Rate Variability as a Predictor of Cardiac Dysrhythmias During Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna H. Hammash ◽  
Debra K. Moser ◽  
Susan K. Frazier ◽  
Terry A. Lennie ◽  
Melanie Hardin-Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cardiac Dysrhythmias ◽  
Ectopic Beats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Frequency Power

BackgroundWeaning from mechanical ventilation to spontaneous breathing is associated with changes in the hemodynamic and autonomic nervous systems that are reflected by heart rate variability. Although cardiac dysrhythmias are an important manifestation of hemodynamic alterations, the impact of heart rate variability on the occurrence of dysrhythmias during weaning has not been specifically studied.ObjectivesTo describe differences in heart rate variability spectral power and occurrence of cardiac dysrhythmias at baseline and during the initial trial of weaning from mechanical ventilation and to evaluate the impact of heart rate variability during weaning on occurrence of dysrhythmias.MethodContinuous 3-lead electrocardiographic recordings were collected from 35 patients receiving mechanical ventilation for 24 hours at baseline and during the initial weaning trial. Heart rate variability was evaluated by using spectral power analysis.ResultsLow-frequency power increased (P = .04) and high-frequency and very-low-frequency power did not change during weaning. The mean number of supraventricular ectopic beats per hour during weaning was higher than the mean at baseline (P &lt; .001); the mean of ventricular ectopic beats did not change. Low-frequency power was a predictor of ventricular and supraventricular ectopic beats during weaning (P &lt; .001). High-frequency power was predictive of ventricular and supraventricular (P = .02) ectopic beats during weaning. Very-low-frequency power was predictive of ventricular ectopic beats (P &lt; .001) only.ConclusionHeart rate variability power spectra during weaning were predictive of dysrhythmias. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2015;24:118–127)

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability Assessment Using Time–Frequency Analysis in Hypotensive and Non-Hypotensive Patients in Hemodialysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6074
Author(s):  
Brayans Becerra-Luna ◽  
Raúl Cartas-Rosado ◽  
Juan Carlos Sánchez-García ◽  
Raúl Martínez-Memije ◽  
Oscar Infante-Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Intradialytic Hypotension ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Intradialytic hypotension occurs in 10–30% of hemodialysis (HD) sessions. This phenomenon affects the cardiovascular system’s functions, which are reflected in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). To indirectly assess the ANS during HD, we analyzed the mean R–R intervals and the spectral power of heart rate variability (HRV) from 20 end-stage renal disease patients divided into hypotensive and non-hypotensive groups. The spectrotemporal analysis was accomplished using short-time Fourier transform with 10 min epochs of HRV overlapping by 40%. The spectral power was divided into three segments according to high frequency, low frequency, and very low frequency bandwidths and averaged to fit quadratic regression models. The analysis of the mean R–R intervals showed significant differences between the groups (p = 0.029). The power variation over time was significant in each spectral band (p ≪ 0.05). The average power, maximum power, and time when the peak was reached differed for each band and between groups, showing the ability to correctly identify the decompensation of the ANS and discriminate between hypotensive and non-hypotensive patients. Additionally, the changes in the sympathovagal ratio were not significant and very scattered for the hypotensive group (p = 0.23) compared to the non-hypotensive group, where the changes were significant (p ≪ 0.05) and much less scattered.

scholarly journals Within-Session Stability of Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Measurement

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Cipryan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Reliability Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Frequency Power

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to assess the retest stability of the short-term heart rate variability (HRV) measurement performed within one session and without the use of any intervention. Additionally, a precise investigation of the possible impact of intrinsic biological variation on HRV reliability was also performed. First, a single test-retest HRV measurement was conducted with 20-30 min apart from one another. Second, the HRV measurement was repeated in ten non-interrupted consecutive intervals. The lowest typical error (CV = 21.1%) was found for the square root of the mean squared differences of successive RR intervals (rMSSD) and the highest for the low frequency power (PLF) (CV = 93.9%). The standardized changes in the mean were trivial to small. The correlation analysis revealed the highest level for ln rMSSD (ICC = 0.87), while ln PLF represented the worst case (ICC = 0.59). The reliability indices for ln rMSSD in 10 consecutive intervals improved (CV = 9.9%; trivial standardized changes in the mean; ICC = 0.96). In conclusion, major differences were found in the reliability level between the HRV indices. The rMSSD demonstrated the highest reliability level. No substantial influence of intrinsic biological variation on the HRV reliability was observed.

scholarly journals A comparison of heart rate variability, n-3 PUFA status and lipid mediator profile in age- and BMI-matched middle-aged vegans and omnivores

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Pinto ◽  
Thomas A. B. Sanders ◽  
Alexandra C. Kendall ◽  
Anna Nicolaou ◽  
Robert Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Frequency Power

AbstractLow heart rate variability (HRV) predicts sudden cardiac death. Long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA (C20–C22) status is positively associated with HRV. This cross-sectional study investigated whether vegans aged 40–70 years (n 23), whose diets are naturally free from EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3), have lower HRV compared with omnivores (n 24). Proportions of LC n-3 PUFA in erythrocyte membranes, plasma fatty acids and concentrations of plasma LC n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators were significantly lower in vegans. Day-time interbeat intervals (IBI), adjusted for physical activity, age, BMI and sex, were significantly shorter in vegans compared with omnivores (mean difference −67 ms; 95 % CI −130, −3·4, P<0·05), but there were no significant differences over 24 h or during sleep. Vegans had higher overall HRV, measured as 24 h standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) (mean adjusted difference 27 ms; 95 % CI 1, 52, P=0·039). Conversely, vegans presented with decreased 8 h day-time HRV: mean adjusted difference in SDNN −20 ms; 95 % CI −37, −3, P=0·021, with no differences during nocturnal sleep. Day-time parameters of beat-to-beat HRV (root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal-to-normal intervals, percentage of adjacent normal-to-normal intervals that differ by >50 % and high-frequency power) were similarly lower in vegans, with no differences during sleep. In conclusion, vegans have higher 24 h SDNN, but lower day-time HRV and shorter day-time IBI relative to comparable omnivores. Vegans may have reduced availability of precursor markers for pro-resolving lipid mediators; it remains to be determined whether there is a direct link with impaired cardiac function in populations with low-n-3 status.

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