scholarly journals Is Dientamoeba fragilis a Friend or a Foe? A Study from Istanbul on Patients and Healthy Individuals from Different Cohorts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özgür Kurt ◽  
Sinem Öktem Okullu ◽  
Nestere Mansur Özen ◽  
Nihan Ünübol ◽  
Selma Cat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Health Group ◽  
Colonic Lumen ◽  
Stool Samples

Objective: Dientamoeba fragilis is an intestinal protozoan found in colonic lumen and it has been demonstrated that it can lead to various gastrointestinal and dermatological complaints. It has been discussed lately that D. fragilis can be found also in high prevalence among healthy individuals and could be a member of healthy gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of D. fragilis between patient and healthy-control groups from Istanbul, and to study clinical outcomes of the infection it causes on the patient group ,and patient characteristics. Method: Stool samples of 184 patients admitted to Acıbadem Health Group hospitals in Istanbul between 2016-2018, and 156 healthy controls were examined in the study. After microbiological and parasitological assessments of stool samples, DNA isolation was made followed by conventional PCR test using specific primers. Results: D. fragilis was detected in 15 of 184 (8.2%) patients and 42 of 156 (26.9%) controls, and the intergroup difference was significant (p<0.05). In the study group Salmonella spp. was detected in 3, and Rotavirus in 1 of the D. fragilis positive individuals. Six out of 15 D. fragilis positive individuals in the study group were women and their average age (n=24.3) was higher than other groups (p=0.25). Fifty-five of 57 (96.5%) D. fragilis positive individuals were in the pediatric age group. The leading complaints were diarrhea, anorexia and abdominal pain, while 3 of the 15 patients reported itching and urticaria. Conclusion: These preliminary results related to the metropolitan city of Istanbul tend to support the fact that D. fragilis may show pathogenic effects in some cases but it is more common among healthy individuals. Considering the similar results from different regions of the world, further studies are essential to unveil under which conditions D. fragilis is silent (friend) and acts as a pathogen (foe).

scholarly journals Antiamoebic Chemoprophylaxis Using Quinfamide in Children: A Comparative Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1070-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Padilla ◽  
Rosalinda Diaz ◽  
Alfonso Alarcon ◽  
Roberto Barreda
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Group 1

This study sought to examine whether the administration of quinfamide at 3- or 6-month intervals diminished the frequency ofEntamoeba histolyticacysts in stool samples compared to controls. The prospective, longitudinal, randomized, single-blind study examined children from six primary schools in Celaya and Neutla, Guanajuato. Of the 1,524 students in these schools, we selected participants for the study as follows: Children were included in the study if their parents agreed in writing to the study and if the children demonstrated evidence ofE. histolyticacysts after a parasitoscopic analysis by concentration (PSC) in three samples over consecutive days using Faust’s method. Those included in the study received a single 4.3-g/kg dose of quinfamide, and we performed PSC on days 5, 6, and 7 following dose administration to examine whether quinfamide had affected the presence of the cysts. The study participants who tested negative for cysts were divided into three groups: Group 1 had 102 patients who underwent quinfamide treatment and three CPS analyses after the 12 months of the study; Group 2 had 98 subjects who underwent the quinfamide treatment and three CPS analyses at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 after their entrance into the study; and Group 3 had 102 patients, who underwent the quinfamide treatment and series of three CPS analyses at months 6 and 12 of the study. All participants received the dose of quinfamide after providing stool samples and after a clinical gastrointestinal history was obtained. Further clinical gastrointestinal data were collected 5 days after the quintamide dose was administered. We used EpiInfo 6.0 for statistical analysis, calculatingX2andpvalues for the clinical data and the CPS data after the 12 months concluded. Of the initial samples of 1,524 subjects, 308 (20.2%) had Entamoebic cysts. Of these, six were further eliminated because they did not meet the inclusion requirements. At the conclusion of the study, Group 1 presented with 37.6% of subjects still testing positive for cysts; of Group 2, 12.5% tested positive; and in Group 3, 23.5% of participants tested positive for cysts (X2= 16.8; df = 2;p= 0.0002). For comparisons of groups 1 and 2 and 1 and 3,p> 0.05. We conclude that antiamoebic chemoprophylaxis can be a choice for control of amoebic infection where personal hygiene and food consumption habits are not improving.

scholarly journals Detection and Characterization of Human Enteroviruses, Human Cosaviruses, and a New Human Parechovirus Type in Healthy Individuals in Osun State, Nigeria, 2016/2017

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folakemi Abiodun Osundare ◽  
Oladele Oluyinka Opaleye ◽  
Akeem Abiodun Akindele ◽  
Samuel Adeyinka Adedokun ◽  
Olusola Anuoluwapo Akanbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Human Parechovirus ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Species Specific

Human enteroviruses and human parechoviruses are associated with a broad range of diseases and even severe and fatal conditions. For human cosaviruses, the etiological role is yet unknown. Little is known about the circulation of non-polio enteroviruses, human parechoviruses, and human cosaviruses in Nigeria. A total of 113 stool samples were collected from healthy individuals in Osun State between February 2016 and May 2017. RT-PCR assays targeting the 5′ non-coding region (5′ -NCR) were used to screen for human enteroviruses, human parechoviruses, and human cosaviruses. For human enteroviruses, species-specific RT-PCR assays targeting the VP1 regions were used for molecular typing. Inoculation was carried out on RD-A, CaCo-2, HEp-2C, and L20B cell lines to compare molecular and virological assays. Ten samples tested positive for enterovirus RNA with 11 strains detected, including CV-A13 (n = 3), E-18 (n = 2), CV-A20 (n = 1), CV-A24 (n = 1), EV-C99 (n = 1), and EV-C116 (n = 2). Three samples tested positive for human parechovirus RNA, and full genome sequencing on two samples allowed assignment to a new Parechovirus A type (HPeV-19). Thirty-three samples tested positive for cosavirus with assignment to species Cosavirus D and Cosavirus A based on the 5′-NCR region. Screening of stool samples collected from healthy individuals in Nigeria in 2016 and 2017 revealed a high diversity of circulating human enteroviruses, human parechoviruses, and human cosaviruses. Molecular assays for genotyping showed substantial benefits compared with those of cell-culture assays.

Relationships of body size with breast cancer.

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
L A Kalish
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

Three measures of body size (weight, height, and obesity) were compared with other patient characteristics in 852 operable node-positive breast cancer patients (age, 25-74 years) newly diagnosed in the United States. Weight and obesity were significantly associated with number of positive nodes. In postmenopausal women, weight and obesity were weakly associated with estrogen receptors. Observed weight and height distributions were compared with national averages and found to be highly aberrant in older women. There was an excess of tall woman (greater than or equal to 66 inches) among the study group in all age groups. An excess of heavy women (greater than or equal to 140 pounds) among the study group was observed only in the 55-74 years age group.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF FATTY ACIDS IN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES AND SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER IN NOVOSIBIRSK

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Kruchinina ◽  
V. N. Kruchinin ◽  
Ya. I. Prudnikova ◽  
A. A. Gromov ◽  
M. V. Shashkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Omega 6

The objectiveis to measure the level of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and serum of patients with colorectal cancer.Materials and methods.The study group included 100 patients with diagnosed colorectal cancer (57 men and 43 women). The control group included 24 reasonably healthy people (14 men and 10 women) matched for age and sex, without malignant cancers or manifested pathology of the internal organs.Results.Decreased levels of saturated, monounsaturated fatty acids and increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in erythrocyte membranes and serum (p <0.0001–0.05) were observed. The levels of omega-3 PUFAs in colorectal cancer exceeded the levels in healthy individuals both in erythrocyte membranes and in serum; for omega-6 PUFAs only a trend was observed. At the same time, the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs in colorectal cancer was lower than in control (p <0.0001–0.002). The state of erythrocyte membranes more significantly and for more parameters characterized differences between the groups than serum. The most discriminating parameters between patients with colorectal cancer and healthy individuals both in erythrocyte membranes and serum were the levels of C20:2;11,14 (eicosadienoic), C20:3;8,11,14 (dihomo-γ-linolenic), C20:4;5,8,11,14 (eicosatetraenoic, arachidonic), C22:5;7,10,13,16,19 (docosapentaenoic), and C22:6;4,7,10,13,16,19 (docosahexaenoic) PUFAs.

scholarly journals Trends in Faecal Calprotectin Levels During Pregnancy in Non-IBD Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne Doherty ◽  
Rebecca Moore ◽  
Clodagh Kivlehan ◽  
David F Byrne ◽  
Cara A Yelverton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Calprotectin Level ◽  
Minimal Data ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Physiological Changes In Pregnancy

Abstract Background and Aims: No optimal marker exists to assess activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during pregnancy, though faecal calprotectin (FCP) is the most commonly used test. However minimal data exists on what a normal calprotectin level is during pregnancy and post-partum in healthy individuals. Objective: Our aim is to determine normal FCP levels during pregnancy and post-partum in a healthy population. Methods: We performed a prospective analysis of FCP levels from pregnant women at 16- and 34-weeks’ gestation and 4- and 12-weeks post-partum. Patient demographics were collected. FCP concentrations were measured with a quantitative ELISA assay. Results: 98 patients were included in our study. 172 maternal stool samples were collected in total; 62 samples at 16-weeks’ gestation, 48 samples at 34-weeks’ gestation, 38 samples from 4-weeks post-partum and 24 samples from 12-weeks post-partum. Median age was 33.0 years. 41 patients had a BMI > 25 (41.8%). 16 patients were ex-smokers (16.3 %). The median FCP levels at 16-weeks’ gestation was 29.5 µg/g (range 10–476 µg/g), median level from 34-weeks’ gestation was 25.6 µg/g (range 10–259 µg/g), from 4-weeks post-partum was 23.4 µg/g (range 10–318 µg/g) and 12-weeks post-partum was 29.4 µg/g (range 10–216 µg/g). There was no significant change in median FCP levels over the course of pregnancy and post-partum (p = 0.294). Conclusion: Faecal calprotectin levels are not affected by physiological changes in pregnancy or post-partum in normal healthy individuals without IBD. This suggests FCP is a useful tool for identifying flares of colitis during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Repeated short cycles of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and kidney injury in patients with spinal degenerative-dystrophic diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
D. M. Bichurina ◽  
I. Z. Gaydukova ◽  
D. А. Patrikeeva ◽  
A. P. Rebrov
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Group A ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: to evaluate kidney function in patients with spinal degenerative-dystrophic diseases (SDDDs) who take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as repeated short cycles of treatment for severe back pain.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 97 patients with SDDDs who took NSAIDs for back pain (a study group). A control group consisted of sexand age-matched healthy individuals who had not used NSAIDs within the past year (n=40). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the CKD-EPI equation and markers of kidney injury (albuminuria and globulinuria) were measured.Results. In the study group, GFR was decreased to <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 61 (62.9%) patients, to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 11 (11.3%); the mean GFR was 77.5 [68.0; 89.0] ml/min/1.73 m2; in the control group, a decline in GFR to 89–60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was recorded in 35 (62.5%) cases; this indicator was >90 ml/min/1.73 m2 in the remaining 15 (37.5%) cases; the mean GFR was 82.5 [70.8; 90.0] ml/min/1.73 m2 (p≥0.05 for all pairwise comparisons). A decrease in GFR to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was found in 11 (11.3%) patients in the study group and in nobody in the control group (p=0.026). Elevated albuminuria was noted in 74 (76.3%) patients with SDDDs and in 9 (22.5%) healthy individuals (p<0.05). Albumin/creatinine ratio was 57.1 [33.8; 82.4] mg/g in the study group and 25.0 [17.5; 32.9] mg/g in the control group (p<0.0001). Increased globulinuria was established in all the patients with SDDDs and only in 3 (7.5%) healthy examinees. Globulin/creatinine ratio was 134.7 [77.5; 197.7] mg/g in the study group and 12.9 [0.5; 18.1] mg/g in the control group (p<0.0001).Conclusion. A decline in GFR to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was more often seen in the patients taking NSAIDs for spine pain caused by SDDDs than in the healthy individuals. In case of comparable GFR, the level of kidney injury markers was significantly higher in the study group than that in the control group, which suggests that patients with SDDDs who take NSAIDs have subclinical tubulointerstitial and glomerular changes.

scholarly journals Factors association with some bacteria cause diarrhea disease among children under 5 years old

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Khadija Al-Mizury
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Disease ◽  
Children Under 5

Aim: “Diarrhea has been a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. This study was intended to assessment level of personal hygiene, type of water taken by children, crowding index and some factors associated with some bacterial infection in children under 5 years.”Material and Methods: This study enrolled 143 children under 5 years with clinical evidence of diarrheal disease through the period extending from 15/4/2016 to 30/8/2016, who were admitted to Baghdad teaching hospital,   stool samples were collected from children who had diarrhea were inoculated on selective culture media using standard method. “The isolate were identified depending on morphological feature of colonies and from all media biochemically using API 20E system.”Results: A total bacterial infection was observed (13.9%). Specific prevalence of species bacteria is as follows,” E.coli (7.7%), and Shigella spp. (2%), and Salmonella spp. (3.5%) and V. cholera (0.7%).” Finding from our study indicate that patient in the age group >5 years of age were more likely to have diarrhea than those who were younger, and Children that consumed tap water were more infected with bacteria (9.7%). In this study, crowding index were associated with diarrheal disease,” children from households with 1 or 2 people per room were (1.4%) less likely to have diarrhea compared to children from household with more than 3 people per room (30%). Our results indicate that availability of house hold sanitation facilities, access to filter and clean water, good personal hygiene and butter nutrition were all associated with lower incidence of diarrhea.” 

The Acute Effect of Talocrural Joint Mobilization on Dorsiflexor Muscle Strength in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Single-Blind Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Ersoy ◽  
Umut Ziya Kocak ◽  
Ezgi Unuvar ◽  
Bayram Unver
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Talocrural Joint ◽  
Joint Mobilization ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexor

Context: Mobilization has been used for enhancing muscle strength. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of talocrural joint mobilization on ankle dorsiflexor muscle strength in healthy individuals, which has not yet been studied. Design: Randomized controlled single-blind study. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Forty-eight healthy individuals. Interventions: Maitland grade III (study group) versus Maitland grade I (control group) mobilizations. Main Outcome Measures: Muscle strength measurements were performed using a handheld dynamometer at baseline, immediately after the mobilization, and 30 minutes after mobilization. Results: At baseline, the physical characteristics and muscular strength were similar in both groups (P > .05). According to Friedman analysis, a significant difference was detected following the mobilization in the study group (P < .001), and while the muscle strength at immediately after the mobilization and at 30 minutes after mobilization was significantly higher than baseline (P < .001), no significant differences were observed between 30 minutes after mobilization and immediately after the mobilization (P = .17). However, no significant changes were detected in the control group. The study group was found superior to the control group in terms of muscle strength differences following the mobilization (P < .001). Conclusion: The ankle dorsiflexor muscle strength might be increased by performing Maitland grade III mobilization, and this increase might be preserved for 30 minutes, while Maitland grade I mobilization did not lead to such an improvement in healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Intestinal Protozoan Morphology in Human Fecal Specimens Preserved in EcoFix: Comparison of Wheatley’s Trichrome Stain and EcoStain

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1974-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne S. Garcia ◽  
Robyn Y. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
Color Differences

As a result of disposal problems related to the use of mercury compounds, many laboratories have switched from mercuric chloride-based Schaudinn’s and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stool preservatives to other, non-mercury-based preservatives. A comparison of organism recoveries and morphologies of the intestinal protozoa was undertaken with PVA containing the EcoFix zinc-based Schaudinn’s preservative (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc.); both Wheatley’s modification of Gomori’s trichrome stain (WT) and EcoStain (ES) were used to stain 51 human fecal specimens. Morphology, clarity of nuclear and cytoplasmic detail, overall color differences, and the ease or difficulty in detecting intestinal protozoa in fecal debris were assessed for the two permanent stained smears. Overall, organism morphology of the intestinal protozoa stained with WT and that of protozoa stained with ES were not equal in nuclear and cytoplasmic detail or range of color. However, the same organisms were identified in stained fecal smears with either WT or ES, with the exception of situations in which organism numbers were characterized as rare. Included were 67 protozoan challenges (number of organisms): Entamoeba histolytica-Entamoeba dispar (5), Entamoeba coli (9),Entamoeba hartmanni (6), Endolimax nana (12),Iodamoeba bütschlii (8), Blastocystis hominis (19), Giardia lamblia (6), Dientamoeba fragilis (2), yeast (2), and leukocytes (2). Five specimens were negative for parasites but contained fecal debris that was compared for morphologic detail and color range. The ES produces a more gray-green monotone with very little pink or red tone; contrast among the various colors is less than that seen with WT. Stain intensity for all organisms was acceptable, and there were no problems with stain deposition. The quality of the protozoan morphology with ES was often comparable to that with WT (36 of 67 [53.7%]) and, in some cases, better (24 of 67 [35.8%]). Organisms on the WT-stained smear exhibited better morphology in a few instances (4 of 67 [6%]), and in three instances, there were discrepant organism numbers.

scholarly journals Development of a Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Giardia intestinalis

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Adriana Higuera ◽  
Marina Muñoz ◽  
Myriam Consuelo López ◽  
Patricia Reyes ◽  
Plutarco Urbano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Valuable Alternative ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
Stool Samples

Giardia intestinalis is an intestinal protozoan most commonly found in humans. It has been grouped into 8 assemblages (A-H). Markers such as the glutamate dehydrogenase gene, triose phosphate isomerase and beta-giardin (β-giardin) have been widely used for genotyping. In addition, different genetic targets have been proposed as a valuable alternative to assess diversity and genetics of this microorganism. Thus, our objective was to evaluate new markers for the study of the diversity and intra-taxa genetic structure of G. intestinalis in silico and in DNA obtained from stool samples. We analysed nine constitutive genes in 80 complete genome sequences and in a group of 24 stool samples from Colombia. Allelic diversity was evaluated by locus and for the concatenated sequence of nine loci that could discriminate up to 53 alleles. Phylogenetic reconstructions allowed us to identify AI, AII and B assemblages. We found evidence of intra- and inter-assemblage recombination events. Population structure analysis showed genetic differentiation among the assemblages analysed.

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