scholarly journals The Comparison of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Prisoners and General Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dursun Alizoroğlu ◽  
Sami Deniz ◽  
Mustafa Canbaz ◽  
Ahmet Emin Erbaycu
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Serum Protein Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Poor Nutrition

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary tuberculosis in prisoners is higher than general population. The poor health care, poor nutrition, decreased physical activity and easy spread conditions increase the prevalence. In the study; it was aimed to compare pulmonary tuberculosis in prisoners with those in general population. METHODS: Totally 58 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 29 prisoners and 29 in general population diagnosed between 2010-2014 was included in the study. All of the records were got from software. Age, routine biochemical and hemogram values, smear test of the sputum and bronchial aspiration for asiodo resistant bacilli, culture, cytology, localization and sign (consolidation, nodule, cavitation) in chest radiography and treatments used were recorded. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 35.7 years. In comparison of the groups, serum protein level in general population was lower than the prisoners (p=0.007). The difference for creatinine levels was in borderline (p=0.05). When the signs of the pulmonary tuberculosis on chest radiography were compared; the presence of consolidation in prisoners and nodules in general population were in the foreground (p=0.018). In the assessment of treatments used; 22 prisoners and 21 in general population with pulmonary tuberculosis were given classical four drug regimen. Two prisoners and three in general population used isoniaside, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and streptomycin. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There is no prominent difference for disease characteristics between prisoners and those in general population with pulmonary tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Spiral CT Chest Enhanced Scan in Adult with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruishu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
The Difference

Aim: To explore the diagnostic value of spiral CT chest enhanced scan for adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: The clinical data of 60 adult patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent conventional chest radiography and spiral CT chest enhanced scan. The number of tuberculosis diagnosis, the detection rate of special site lesions, and the detection rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis signs by the two methods were compared. Results: In 60 patients, the pathological results confirmed the existence of 75 tuberculosis lesions. The detection rate of spiral CT was 98.67%, which was not statistically significant compared with the detection rate of 92.00% (P>0.05) in the conventional chest X-ray. The detection rate of spiral CT enhanced scans for tuberculosis lesions in special sites was 100.00%, which was significantly higher than that of conventional chest X-ray of 7.69%, and the accuracy rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis signs was 98.85% higher than that of conventional chest X-ray of 79.31%. P<0.05). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Spiral CT chest enhanced scan can not only find special tuberculosis lesions that cannot be detected by conventional chest radiography, but also accurately determine active pulmonary tuberculosis in adults, which is of high diagnostic value.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM CALCIUM LEVELS AND SMEAR GRADING AMONG THE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Sood ◽  
Sanjay Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group Serum

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is contagious and airborne. TB was one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide in 2017.  It is also the leading killer of people with HIV and a major cause of deaths related to antimicrobial resistance. Methods: Microscopically confirmed TB patients were included in the cases group and healthy individuals in the control group. Serum Ca was estimated by kit method, by auto analyzer. ANOVA and t- test was used to find the statistical significance. Results: The mean serum Ca was 7.32±1.22 mg/dl in TB and 9.41±2.13 mg/dl in controls. The mean serum Ca levels were 7.22±1.20 mg/dl, 7.14±1.14 mg/dl, 7.12±1.10 mg/dl and 7.06±1.02 mg/dl respectively for scanty, 1+. 2+ and 3+; statistically the difference were not significant (P > 0.05) between the grades. Conclusion: Hypocalcemia observed in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. No correlation was found between the mean serum Ca levels and grading. Keywords: Calcium, TB, AFB.

Groat proportion in oats as measured by different methods: Analysis of oats resistant to dehulling and sources of error in mechanical dehulling

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C Doehlert ◽  
M S McMullen ◽  
N R Riveland
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Hull Structure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Mean Kernel

Groat proportion is the groat yield from an oat dehulling process. We compared hand, impact and compressed-air dehulling to measure groat proportion, and evaluated sources of error. Hand dehulling was the simplest and most accurate method, because all groats and hulls can be accounted for. Mechanical methods dehulled most, but not all, oat kernels. Failure to account for oats resistant to dehulling in calculations resulted in gross errors. Oats resistant to impact dehulling did not differ in groat proportion from the general population, but differed in many physical properties. Hull structure may account the most for their resistance to dehulling. Mechanically dehulled oats consistently yielded lower groat proportions than those from hand dehulling. Since the difference cannot be attributed to oats resistant to dehulling, groats must be lost during the aspiration process, common to all mechanical methods. Uniform aspiration protocols should provide a uniform error. All groat proportion values obtained here were highly correlated among themselves, except when values were not corrected for oats resistant to dehulling. A theoretical groat proportion calculated from the ratio of the mean groat mass (collected by any means available) and the mean kernel mass yielded a groat proportion value that did not differ significantly from the hand dehulling value.Key words: Oat milling, groat proportion, oat dehulling

scholarly journals Knowledge attitude and practices regarding mask usage during COVID-19 pandemic in general population of India: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1857
Author(s):  
Bhawna Sayare ◽  
Vinay K. Bhardwaj ◽  
Shailee Fotedar ◽  
Shelja Vashisth ◽  
Arun S. Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Incorrect Response ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Kerala State

Background: Facemasks are recommended to control the COVID-19 pandemic transmission. This study was conducted with a purpose to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices among general population regarding the usage of facemask during COVID-19 pandemic to limit the spread of the corona virus disease.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted through Google forms. Questionnaire consisted of 7, 3 and 5 questions on knowledge, attitude and practices respectively. Questionnaire was shared on social media. Score of 1 was assigned to correct response and score of 0 for incorrect response, thus making a maximum score of 7 for a subject. Accordingly, score was <3 depicts individual had poor knowledge. 3-5 and >5 had good and excellent knowledge respectively.Results: Out of total 500 participants, we had 242 (48.4%) males and 258 (51.6%) females. The age of participants ranged from 20 to 60 years. Majority of participants (25.2%) were from Kerala State. Almost 97.6% reported that it was necessary to wear mask in current situation. The overall mean knowledge score was 5. The mean knowledge score was higher among females (5.07%) as compared to males (4.93%) and the difference was statistically significant. When they were asked if they know the correct steps of wearing a mask, almost 82.5% reported “yes” but while asking for coverage of mask on face only 75% were aware of it correctly.Conclusions: The overall knowledge of our study population was good. The knowledge was excellent for the age group of 20–30 and post-graduates.

The Effect of Vocabulary Intervention on Text Comprehension: Who Benefits?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawna Duff
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Vocabulary Instruction ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Vocabulary intervention can improve comprehension of texts containing taught words, but it is unclear if all middle school readers get this benefit. This study tests 2 hypotheses about variables that predict response to vocabulary treatment on text comprehension: gains in vocabulary knowledge due to treatment and pretreatment reading comprehension scores. Method Students in Grade 6 ( N = 23) completed a 5-session intervention based on robust vocabulary instruction (RVI). Knowledge of the semantics of taught words was measured pre- and posttreatment. Participants then read 2 matched texts, 1 containing taught words (treated) and 1 not (untreated). Treated texts and taught word lists were counterbalanced across participants. The difference between text comprehension scores in treated and untreated conditions was taken as a measure of the effect of RVI on text comprehension. Results RVI resulted in significant gains in knowledge of taught words ( d RM = 2.26) and text comprehension ( d RM = 0.31). The extent of gains in vocabulary knowledge after vocabulary treatment did not predict the effect of RVI on comprehension of texts. However, untreated reading comprehension scores moderated the effect of the vocabulary treatment on text comprehension: Lower reading comprehension was associated with greater gains in text comprehension. Readers with comprehension scores below the mean experienced large gains in comprehension, but those with average/above average reading comprehension scores did not. Conclusion Vocabulary instruction had a larger effect on text comprehension for readers in Grade 6 who had lower untreated reading comprehension scores. In contrast, the amount that children learned about taught vocabulary did not predict the effect of vocabulary instruction on text comprehension. This has implications for the identification of 6th-grade students who would benefit from classroom instruction or clinical intervention targeting vocabulary knowledge.

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Ivermectin and Topical Permethrin in the Treatment of Scabies

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Mohsena Akhter ◽  
Ishrat Bhuiyan ◽  
Zulfiqer Hossain Khan ◽  
Mahfuza Akhter ◽  
Gulam Kazem Ali Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: Scabies is one of the most common skin diseases in our country. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, which is an ecto-parasite infesting the epidermis. Scabies is highly contagious. Prevalence is high in congested or densely populated areas. Individuals with close contact with an affected person should be treated with scabicidal which is available in both oral and topical formulations. The only oral but highly effective scabicidal known to date is Ivermectin. Amongst topical preparations, Permethrin 5 % cream is the treatment of choice. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy & safety of oral Ivermectin compared to topical Permethrin in the treatment of scabies. Methodology: This prospective, non-randomized study was conducted at the out-patient department of Dermatology and Venereology of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital over a period of 6 months, from August 2016 to January 2017. The study population consisted of one hundred patients having scabies, enrolled according to inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. group A was subjected to oral Ivermectin and the group B to Permethrin 5% cream. Patients were followed up on day 7 and 14 for assessment of efficacy and safety. Result: The mean scoring with SD in group A (Ivermectin) and group B (Permethrin) were 8.26 ± 2.22 and 7.59 ± 2.01 respectively at the time of observation. The difference between the mean score of the two group is not significant (p=0.117) the mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 4.54 ± 2.05 and 1.64 ± 1.84 respectively at 7thdays. The difference between the mean score of the two group is significant (p<0.001). The mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 2.68± 2.35 and .36± 1.10 respectively at 14th day difference between the mean score of the group is significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Topical application of permethrin 5% cream is more effective and safer than oral Ivermectin in the treatment of scabies. TAJ 2020; 33(1): 41-47

EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC LH/FSH-RELEASING HORMONE (LRH) ON PLASMA LH AND FSH IN AMENORRHOEIC WOMEN

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rannevik ◽  
J. Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Serial Measurements

ABSTRACT Eight amenorrhoeic women were given 100 μg synthetic LRH (Hoechst) iv and im, respectively, at an interval of 2 weeks. Four of the women received the iv injection first and four the im injection. The urinary excretion of oestrogens and pregnanediol was low and unaltered throughout the test weeks. The effects of LRH were compared by serial measurements of the plasma LH and FSH during 8 h. The initial response of LH for up to 25 min and that of FSH for up to 60 min were equal whether LRH was given iv or im. The difference appeared later. Four hours after the injection the mean increase of LH to iv injection was 0.5 ng/ml (N. S.), while that to im injection was 1.9 ng/ml (P < 0.01). The corresponding values for FSH were 1.3 (P < 0.05) and 3.2 (P < 0.001). The effect of LRH administration im was thus found to be larger and more prolonged.

Determination some Immunological Aspects in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Qadisiyah Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syoof Khowman Alramahy ◽  
Akram Hadi Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Igg Level

This study was carried out to study of some immunological aspects among the pulmonary Tuberculosis patients infected with causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A Total of 200 sputum samples were collected from patients attending the consultant Clinic for Chest and Respiratory disease center, Diwaniya. Control group (No=15) also included. According to acid fast stain of sputum, the patients were classified as positive (No=91,45.5%) and negative (No=109,54.5, Lowenstein Jensen medium used for the cultivation of samples, on which 70% of sputum samples where positive culture for this microorganism. The grown microorganism were identified as M. tuberculosis, based on positive A.F.B, Niacin producers ,negative for catlase at 68c. The mean IgG level was l184.053±76.684 mg/100 ml in tuberculosis group compared with 1016.533 ± 44.882 mg/100ml in control group, rendering the statistical difference significant. For IgA and IgM levels, they were at mean of 315.880±38.552 mg/100 ml and 119.527±8.464 mg/100 ml in control group compared with 396.358±38.776 mg/100 ml and 134.207±11.696 mg/100 ml in patients group respectively with significant difference

Anxiety, depression, fatigue, and headache burden in the pediatric hydrocephalus population

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Zimmerman ◽  
Bobby May ◽  
Katherine Barnes ◽  
Anastasia Arynchyna ◽  
Elizabeth N. Alford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Burden Of Headache ◽  
Pediatric Hydrocephalus ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moderate Range ◽  
Anxiety Depression

OBJECTIVEChildhood hydrocephalus is a common chronic medical condition. However, little is known about the burden of headache and psychological comorbidities in children living with hydrocephalus. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of these conditions among the pediatric hydrocephalus population.METHODSDuring routine neurosurgery clinic visits from July 2017 to February 2018, the authors administered four surveys to children ages 7 years and older: Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment (PedMIDAS), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety, PROMIS Depression, and PROMIS Fatigue. The PedMIDAS is an assessment of headache disability in pediatric and adolescent patients. The PROMIS measures are pediatric self-reported instruments to assess social and emotional health. PROMIS measures utilize T-scores (mean 50, SD 10) to compare anxiety, depression, and fatigue in specific populations to those in the US general population. Clinical and demographic data were collected from the medical record (hydrocephalus etiology, shunt infection, race, etc.) and tested for associations with survey measure scores.RESULTSForty children completed the PedMIDAS. Ten percent of them were in the severe headache range, 5% were in the moderate range, and 5% were in the mild range. There was a statistically significant association between undergoing a cluster of shunt operations and headache burden (p = 0.003).Forty children completed all three PROMIS measures. The mean anxiety score was 45.8 (SD 11.7), and 2.5% of children scored in the severe anxiety range, 17.5% in the moderate range, and 20% in the mild range. The mean depression score was 42.7 (SD 10.0), with 2.5% of children scoring in the severe depression range, 5% in the moderate range, and 12.5% in the mild range. The mean fatigue score was 45.1 (SD 16.4), with 15% percent of children scoring in the severe fatigue range, 10% in the moderate range, and 7.5% in the mild range. There were no statistically significant associations between child anxiety, depression, or fatigue and clinical or demographic variables.CONCLUSIONSChildren with hydrocephalus have an average burden of headache, anxiety, depression, and fatigue as compared to the general population overall. Having a cluster of shunt operations correlates with a higher headache burden, but no clinical or demographic variable is associated with anxiety, depression, or fatigue.

Development of Prolonged Delivery of Tramadol and Dissolution Translation by Statistical Data Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1331-1337
Author(s):  
P B Parejiya ◽  
B S Barot ◽  
P K Shelat
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Matrix Tablet ◽  
Burst Effect ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency

The present study was carried out to fabricate a prolonged design for tramadol using Kollidon SR (Polyvinyl acetate and povidone based matrix retarding polymer). Matrix tablet formulations were prepared by direct compression of Kollidon SR of a varying proportion with a fixed percentage of tramadol. Tablets containing a 1:0.5 (Drug: Kollidon SR) ratio exhibited a rapid rate of drug release with an initial burst effect. Incorporation of more Kollidon SR in the matrix tablet extended the release of drug with subsequent minimization of the burst effect as confirmed by the mean dissolution time, dissolution efficiency and f2 value. Among the formulation batches, a direct relationship was obtained between release rate and the percentage of Kollidon SR used. The formulation showed close resemblance to the commercial product Contramal and compliance with USP specification. The results were explored and explained by the difference of micromeritic characteristics of the polymers and blend of drug with excipients. Insignificant effects of various factors, e.g. pH of dissolution media, ionic strength, speed of paddle were found on the drug release from Kollidon-SR matrix. The formulation followed the Higuchi kinetic model of drug release. Stability study data indicated stable character of Batch T6 after short-term stability study.

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