scholarly journals COMPARING DRY ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR LONG-TERM ECG MONITORING - Evaluation of a New Method

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
New Method ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Dry Electrode

scholarly journals A Long-Term, Portable ECG Patch Monitor Based on Flexible Dry Electrode

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chu ◽  
Chenxi Yang ◽  
Yantao Xing ◽  
Jianqing Li ◽  
Chengyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Impedance ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Skin Electrode ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Dry Electrodes ◽  
Dry Electrode ◽  
And Storage

Abstract PurposeLong-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is an essential approach for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Flexible dry electrodes that contains electrolyte without water could be a potential substitution of wet electrodes for long-term ECG monitoring. Therefore, this paper developes a long-term, portable ECG patch based on flexible dry electrodes, namely SEUECG-100.MethodA device consists of analog-front-end acquisition, data acquisition, and storage modules is developed and tested. An impedance test was conducted to compare the skin-electrode impedance of the flexible dry electrode and the Ag/AgCl wet electrode. The ECG signals were simutanously collected from the same subject using the SEUECG-100 and Shimmer device , which were then compared and analyzed from the perspective of ECG morphology, RR interval, and signal quality indices (SQI).ResultsThe experimental results reveal that the flexible dry electrode has the characteristics of low skin-electrode impedance. SEUECG-100 could collect high-quality ECG signals. The ECG signals collected by the two devices have a high RR interval correlation (r=0.999). SQI results show that SEUECG-100 is better than the Shimmer device in overcoming baseline drift. Long-term ECG acquisition and storage experiments show that SEUECG-100 could collect ECG signals with good stability and high reliability.ConclusionThe implementation of the proposed system design with dry electrodes could can effectively record long-term ECG monitoring with high quality in comparison to systems with wet electrodes from both impedance characteristics and signal morphology aspects.

An Open-Access Long-Term Wearable ECG Database for Premature Ventricular Contractions and Supraventricular Premature Beat Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2663-2667
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Cai ◽  
Chengyu Liu ◽  
Hongxiang Gao ◽  
Xingyao Wang ◽  
Lina Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Physiological Signal ◽  
Dry Electrode ◽  
Premature Beats ◽  
Ecg Database

Wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices can provide real-time, long-term, non-invasive and comfortable ECG monitoring for premature beats (PB) assessment (typically presenting as premature ventricular contractions (PVC) and supraventricular premature beat (SPB)), which may foreshadow stroke or sudden cardiac death. However, the poor quality, introduced by the dry electrode in wearable ECG monitoring system, leads to the inefficient recognition of the existing PB detection technologies. Although many methods can achieve high recognition rate on current widely-used open-access clinical ECG databases, they still fail to work properly on dynamic ECG signals. This study presents an open-access ECG database comprises of 24-hour wearable ECG recordings. The database is used for the 3rd China Physiological Signal Challenge (CPSC 2020), where participants are expected to recognize PVC and SPB from these recordings. All the approved algorithms are evaluated by scoring standards and regulations defined in terms of PVC detection and SPB detection, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparison of Active Electrode Materials for Non-Contact ECG Measurement

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Peng ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Active Electrode ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Flexible Printed Circuit ◽  
Conductive Textile ◽  
Quality Indexes

For long-term and more convenience electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring, an active- electrode-based ECG monitoring system, which can measure ECG through clothes, is proposed in this paper. The hardware of the system includes active electrodes, signal processing and data transmission modules and the software mainly includes a denoising algorithm based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Then the proposed system was verified using the comparison of the ECG signals measured synchronously by active electrodes and Ag/AgCl electrodes. In addition, three flexible materials, including conductive textile, copper foil tape and a flexible printed circuit (FPC) are developed for the sensing layer with active electrodes. To compare the performance of these three materials for the sensing layer, the ECG signals of 10 subjects were measured by different materials in three postures and several indexes for quality evaluation were calculated. Results show that effective and clear ECG waveforms can be measured by all three kinds of materials and the quality of ECG signals measured by FPC is the best by conducting a significant t-test for signal quality indexes of three materials.

An Open-Access Long-Term Wearable ECG Database for Premature Ventricular Contractions and Supraventricular Premature Beat Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2663-2667
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Cai ◽  
Chengyu Liu ◽  
Hongxiang Gao ◽  
Xingyao Wang ◽  
Lina Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Physiological Signal ◽  
Dry Electrode ◽  
Premature Beats ◽  
Ecg Database

Wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices can provide real-time, long-term, non-invasive and comfortable ECG monitoring for premature beats (PB) assessment (typically presenting as premature ventricular contractions (PVC) and supraventricular premature beat (SPB)), which may foreshadow stroke or sudden cardiac death. However, the poor quality, introduced by the dry electrode in wearable ECG monitoring system, leads to the inefficient recognition of the existing PB detection technologies. Although many methods can achieve high recognition rate on current widely-used open-access clinical ECG databases, they still fail to work properly on dynamic ECG signals. This study presents an open-access ECG database comprises of 24-hour wearable ECG recordings. The database is used for the 3rd China Physiological Signal Challenge (CPSC 2020), where participants are expected to recognize PVC and SPB from these recordings. All the approved algorithms are evaluated by scoring standards and regulations defined in terms of PVC detection and SPB detection, respectively.

The electrical impedance measurements of dry electrode materials for the ECG measuring after repeated washing

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Sofia Kaappa ◽  
Atte Joutsen ◽  
Alper Cömert ◽  
Jukka Vanhala
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Metal Sheet ◽  
Electrode Impedance ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vital Signs Monitoring ◽  
Dry Electrode

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to offer more reliable dry electrode materials for long-term measuring and determine how repeated machine washing affects the measured impedance and surface resistance of the sample electrodes. The aim was to manufacture electrodes that could be used for the measurement of ECG. Skin friendly, metal sheet type, electrodes could be a solution. Design/methodology/approach In addition to two conventional electrodes already used in heart rate belts, the authors prepared and tested three different sheet metal electrodes. Three 20-mm-diameter electrodes were manufactured from the following materials: silvered knit, conductive polymer, stainless steel, silver and platinum. Electrode impedance was measured at seven frequencies from 1 Hz to 1 MHz, by placing two electrodes face-to-face. Measurements were taken on unused electrodes and after multiple machine washes at 40°C. Findings Analysis of the measurements indicates that with every material tested, the impedances are elevated after repeated washes. All metallic materials have impedances in the range of 0.01 to 4.5 Ω. Metal sheet electrodes can be integrated comfortably into the textile, and they endure textile maintenance without loss of electrical properties. Practical implications Metal sheet electrodes function well in long-term vital signs monitoring, provide a reliable signal and are resistant to maintenance. For the reasons described in this research, they can be used as a long-term wearable sensor. Originality/value Novel electrode material for long-term measuring research is important in many disciplines such as health care and apparel manufacturing. These findings suggest that pure metal electrodes are better than conductive textiles in long-term measuring.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dry textile electrodes for long-term electrocardiographic monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi ◽  
Binbin Ying ◽  
Alessandra Schlums ◽  
Emily Lam ◽  
Ladan Eskandarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Electrode Impedance ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Skin Electrode ◽  
Electrocardiographic Monitoring ◽  
Textile Electrodes ◽  
Dry Electrode

Abstract Background Continuous long-term electrocardiography monitoring has been increasingly recognized for early diagnosis and management of different types of cardiovascular diseases. To find an alternative to Ag/AgCl gel electrodes that are improper for this application scenario, many efforts have been undertaken to develop novel flexible dry textile electrodes integrated into the everyday garments. With significant progresses made to address the potential issues (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio, high skin–electrode impedance, motion artifact, and low durability), the lack of standard evaluation procedure hinders the further development of dry electrodes (mainly the design and optimization). Results A standard testing procedure and framework for skin–electrode impedance measurement is demonstrated for the development of novel dry textile electrodes. Different representative electrode materials have been screen-printed on textile substrates. To verify the performance of dry textile electrodes, impedance measurements are conducted on an agar skin model using a universal setup with consistent frequency and pressure. In addition, they are demonstrated for ECG signals acquisition, in comparison to those obtained using conventional gel electrodes. Conclusions Dry textile electrodes demonstrated similar impedance when in raised or flat structures. The tested pressure variations had an insignificant impact on electrode impedance. Looking at the effect of impedance on ECG signals, a noticeable effect on ECG signal performance metrics was not observed. Therefore, it is suggested that impedance alone is possibly not the primary indicator of signal quality. As well, the developed methods can also serve as useful guidelines for future textile dry-electrode design and testing for practical ECG monitoring applications.

A Case of 2:1 Atrio-Ventricular Block- Unravelled by Exercise Testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharada Sivaram Kalavakolanu ◽  
Madan Mohan Balakrishnan ◽  
Deepesh Venkatarama
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Heart Block ◽  
Complete Heart Block ◽  
Pacemaker Implantation ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Permanent Pacing ◽  
Mill Test

: We present a case of 75-year-old lady with effort intolerance and baseline ECG showing 2:1 atrio-ventricular block, in whom it was unclear as to requirement of permanent pacing, even after long term ECG monitoring. She underwent a tread mill test during which her QRS became wide and developed complete heart block within 2 minutes of the test. Thus, a simple exercise test helped in confirming level of block to be infra nodal without need for invasive study. In patients with exertional symptoms, even in elderly, and in those where ECG masquerades as a benign entity, exercise testing is useful to differentiate benign cases of atrio-ventricular block from the more serious cases that mandate a pacemaker implantation.

Restoration of cylinder liners for automotive tractors engines in modern conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav A. Denisov ◽  
Aleksandr Yu. Kostyukov ◽  
Roman N. Zadorozhniy
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Operational Load ◽  
Operational Tests ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Cylinder Liners

One of the most promising technologies for restoring machine parts and cylinder liners is electric spark treatment as the most versatile technology that provides high-quality restoration of worn parts with wear up to 0.5 mm. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a technology for restoring various cylinder liners by means of electric spark processing, selecting optimal modes and electrode materials that allow improving the quality of repair and increasing the post-repair life of the sleeve. (Materials and methods) It was taken into account when conducting research aimed at restoring the geometric parameters of the sleeve, that the coating must have sufficient adhesion strength to the surface of the sleeve under mechanical, thermal loads and long-term operation. Laboratory studies of the adhesion strength of electric spark coatings on the separation (adhesive) and on the cut, as well as tribotechnical studies of interfaces were conducted. Authors have found by analyzing the results of operational tests of restored and new cylinder liners the prospects for using electric spark treatment of worn parts, including diesel engine liners. (Results and discussion) It was shown by laboratory studies of the adhesion strength of electric spark coatings with a 0.2 mm thick BrMKc 3-1 electrode to the working surface of cylinder liners that their separation strength (adhesive) was 20-40 megapascals, and the shear strength (cohesive) was 50-80 megapascals. It was found that this provides the required functional strength of coatings with maximum operational load. The article presents the results of comprehensive research in graphs and tables. (Conclusions) The research conducted in the CCP "Nano-Center" of the FSAC VIM and operational tests in the 2nd bus fleet of Moscow confirmed the principal possibility of effectively restoring cast iron liners (blocks) using the technology of electric spark processing.

Interpenetrating Gels as Conducting/Adhering Matrices Enabling High-Performance Silicon Anodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Xia ◽  
Chengfei Xu ◽  
Pengfei Dai ◽  
Xiaoyun Li ◽  
Riming Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Silicon Anodes ◽  
Weak Binding ◽  
Binding Forces

Three-dimensional (3D) conductive polymers are promising conductive matrices for electrode materials toward electrochemical energy storage. However, their fragile nature and weak binding forces with active materials could not guarantee long-term...

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