scholarly journals Improving the quality of milk dispersion in a counter-jet homogenizer

10.5219/1407 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 633-640
Author(s):  
Kyrylo Samoichuk ◽  
Dmytro Zhuravel ◽  
Nadiya Palyanichka ◽  
Vadim Oleksiienko ◽  
Serhii Petrychenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Fat Globules

Homogenization is a necessary process in the production of drinking milk and most dairy products. The specific energy consumption of the most common valve homogenizers reaches 8 kW h.t-1. A promising way to reduce it is the introduction of more effective counter-jet homogenizers. The purpose of these studies is to increase the efficiency of machines of this type through fuller use of their kinetic energy. To achieve this, the design of a ring reflector was developed and experimental studies were carried out to determine its influence on the efficiency of milk fat dispersion in a counter-jet homogenizer. Calculations were made to determine the reflector’s design parameters. An installation for experimental research has been developed, in which the required milk pressure is created with the help of compressed carbon dioxide. The dispersive indices of the milk emulsion were determined by computer analysis of milk sample micrographs obtained with an optical microscope and a digital camera using Microsoft Office Excel and Microsoft Visual Studio C# software using the OpenCV Sharp library. As a result of research, the formula for defining the angle of the reflector top has been determined analytically. Experimental studies proved its validity and allowed determination of the optimal diameter. A comparison of the dependence of the degree of homogenization on the excess pressure in a counter-jet homogenizer proves a 15 – 20% increase in the degree of dispersion when using a reflector. At the same time, specific energy consumption does not increase. Comparison of the distribution curves of milk fat globules by size after counter-jet homogenization and homogenization with a reflector suggests that the average diameter of fat globules for the experimental method decreases from 0.99 to 0.83 μm. This indicates the high quality of the dispersal characteristics of the milk emulsion after processing in a counter-jet homogenizer with a reflector.

scholarly journals Research on milk homogenization in the stream homogenizer with separate cream feeding

10.5219/1289 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Kyrylo Samoichuk ◽  
Dmytro Zhuravel ◽  
Olga Viunyk ◽  
Dmytro Milko ◽  
Andrii Bondar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Microsoft Office

Homogenization, which is used in the technological schemes of production of most dairy products, is the most energy-intensive of the processes of mechanical processing of milk. One promising way to increase the energy efficiency of homogenization is to use separate homogenization and to use a little-researched stream homogenizer with separate cream feeding. The principle of its action is to pre-divide milk into cream and skim milk, and feed the fat phase with a thin stream into the stream of skim milk. This creates the conditions for achieving the high value of the Weber criterion – the main factor in the dispersion of milk fat. The purpose of these researches is to conduct experimental studies and determine the energy consumption and quality of homogenization of milk after treatment in a stream homogenizer. To achieve this goal, a designed experimental setup was used. The dispersive indices of the milk emulsion were determined by computer analysis of micrographs of milk samples obtained with an optical microscope and a digital camera using Microsoft Office Excel and Microsoft Visual Studio C # software using the OpenCV Sharp library. As a result of experimental studies, the critical value of the Weber criterion for homogenization of milk was determined, which is 28. The regularities of dispersion of milk fat in a stream homogenizer with separate feeding of the fat phase have been established. It is determined that the milk treatment in the experimental homogenizer allows us to achieve an emulsion with an average size of fat globules of about 0.8 μm (at the level of valve homogenizers). The value of the homogenization coefficient is obtained for the disruption of the fat globule in the conditions: subject to a single effect on the emulsion, without the influence of vibration and cavitation. This homogenization coefficient equals 3300 m3/2.s-1.

Research of extrusion’s process of feed-stuff for fish

10.12737/6503 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Рудой ◽  
Dmitriy Rudoy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

This article discusses a study of extrusion’s process of feed-stuff for fish on the developed two-screw extruder. The main technological requirements of fodder-stuff for fish was determined. The results of experimental studies were described, the relation of the specific energy consumption of the temperature and humidity of feed-stuff was defined. The obtained results show that the specific energy intensity of the two-screw extruder is lower than with other devices for the production of fodder-stuff for fish.

scholarly journals Specific Energy Consumption of a Belt Conveyor System in a Continuous Surface Mine

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Kawalec ◽  
Natalia Suchorab ◽  
Martyna Konieczna-Fuławka ◽  
Robert Król
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption

Belt conveyor (BC) transportation systems are considered to be the most effective for handling large volumes of bulk material. With regards to the rules of sustainable development, the improvement of belt conveyor technology is, in many cases, focused on environmental issues, which include the idea of energy usage optimization. The key issue in an energy-efficient transportation system is reducing the value of specific energy consumption (SEC) by increasing conveyor capacity whilst decreasing belt conveyor motion resistance. The main idea of this paper is to conduct an analysis of the modernization of existing belt conveyor transportation systems operated in open-pit lignite mines, in order to achieve relatively small electric energy consumption for a considered transportation task. The first part of the paper investigates the relationship between a conveyor’s SEC and material flow rate for various conveyor design parameters. Then, based on multi-parameter simulations, an analysis of electric energy consumption for a belt conveyor transportation system is carried out. Finally, an energy-saving, environmentally friendly solution is presented.

scholarly journals Research on the Work Process of a Station for Preparing Forage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Andrzej Marczuk ◽  
Wojciech Misztal ◽  
Sergey Bulatov ◽  
Vladimir Nechayev ◽  
Petr Savinykh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Location Parameters

Forage from grain plays a special role in animal nutrition because it constitutes feed with a high content of readily available carbohydrates. Unfortunately, the equipment used to prepare forage is often manufactured without the necessary justification and confirmation of the declared sizes and indicators of the work process. This forms the basis for our theoretical and experimental studies. Research has been carried out to provide justification of the design and operating parameters of the patented station for producing forage from cereal crops. This article describes the technology for preparing forage from grain and provides a detailed description of the station used and the principle of its operation. During the experiments, we studied the influence of the angle α of setting the grid-work (plate) and the distance S from the nozzle to the grid-work on the quality of forage. Qualitative, quantitative, and energy indicators have been evaluated using up-to-date measuring instruments and equipment. The method is described, and the studied factors and evaluation criteria for the preparation of forage from grain are indicated. The forage quality results are presented, as determined by the content of whole grains in it via the residue on a sieve with a sieve size of 3 mm when preparing it with a different combination of the studied factors. The analysis of the energy consumption results of the process of preparing forage from grain under various operating conditions of the plant is shown. As a result, the optimal location parameters of the passive grinder have been found, allowing to obtain high-quality forage with minimal power consumption of the electric motor. A grid-work should be used as a grinder. Its installation angle should be 30°, and the distance between the grid-work and the nozzle should be 205 mm. With this combination of parameters, the specific energy consumption is minimal and amounts to 41.5 W·h/L.

Effect of forage:concentrate ratio on the quality of ewe's milk, especially on milk fat globules characteristics and fatty acids composition

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Martini ◽  
Gian Battista Liponi ◽  
Federica Salari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Milk Fat Globules

The aim of this study was to evaluate the milk quality of Massese ewes receiving diets with different forage:concentrate ratios (FC ratio), specially on milk fat globules characteristics and fatty acids composition. The diet is one of the main environmental factors that influence the lipidic content of milk. A trial was carried out on twenty ewes, which had been subdivided into two homogeneous groups and kept indoors at 25 days post partum. The experiment lasted 60 days, from 40 to 100 days post partum and the animals were fed two diets that differed in terms of the FC ratio: 60:40 and 40:60, as fed. The results obtained in this study showed that a greater proportion of forage, compared with an higher percentage of concentrate, led to an increase in the percentage of fat (+8·66%) and to a decrease in the percentage of milk fat globules with a size between 2 and 5 μm (−17·32%). However, the average diameter was not affected. There was also a decrease in the percentages of some medium chain fatty acids (C12:0, C14:0; −14·89% and −4·03 respectively) and an increase in mono and polyunsaturated ones such as trans11-C18:1 (+31·71%), total CLA (+22%), EPA (+18·18%) and DHA (+66·67%). In conclusion, a greater proportion of forage seem to improve the milk fatty acid profile by the increase of some fatty acid identified has being beneficial for human health.

scholarly journals Physical, technological and technical characteristics of the blasted rock mass in terms of energy intensity of the processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Ivan Panachev ◽  
Ilya Kuznetsov ◽  
Anastasia Shirokolobova
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Rock Blasting ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
The Relationship

Kuzbass coal mines are equipped with powerful mining equipment; it is CME excavator type with bucket capacity from 4.6 m3 to 20 m3. To evaluate the efficiency of the excavation processes, a universal criterion was used – the value of specific energy consumption (kW h/m3). The dependences of excavator efficiency on the quality of rock blasting, estimated by the diameter of the average piece in the shot pile, are obtained. The relationship between the efficiency of excavators CME - 4.6, CME – 8, CME – 12.5, CME – 20, their energy intensity and the diameter of an average piece in the shot pile is determined.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Turbomachines on the Basis of the Flow Structure Visual Diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Vasyl Arsiri ◽  
Oleg Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Flow Structure ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Increase In Productivity

AbstractThe indicator of the quality of modern turbomachines is only the coefficient of efficiency, which characterizes the ratio of the useful work of compressors or fans to the energy expended on the drive. For the analysis of the quality of the motion, processes in flow parts, the values of resistances are used which are difficult to be considered as an indicator of the efficiency of dynamic processes. The report presents the results of visual diagnostics of the structure of flows during the movement in the elements of turbomachines, as well as options for improving the geometry of the flow parts - in the inlet pipes, impellers.For the analysis of the efficiency of the motion of liquids and gases in flowing parts, a calculated index is proposed - the coefficient of hydraulic efficiency of dynamic processes. The joint use of two indicators - the efficiency of transformation of different types of energy (efficiency of turbomachines) and the efficiency of dynamic processes in flowing parts allows us to develop and to analyze the results of reconstruction of turbomachines. Reconstruction of turbomachines with the purpose of improving the geometry of the flow parts provides an increase in productivity of turbines, compressors, fans and pumps, while reducing the specific energy consumption for the processes of compression and transport of liquids and gases. Optimization of turbomachines flow parts based of flow structure visual diagnostics allows to reduce noise and vibration, as well as to solve other problems.

scholarly journals Research of a machine with a belt conveyor for drying grain

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 01071
Author(s):  
Andrey Pavlushin ◽  
Sergey Sutyagin ◽  
Galina Karpenko ◽  
Vadim Artemiev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Grain Moisture

Currently, grain drying technology is imperfect. Therefore, the development and scientific substantiation of energy-saving, environmentally friendly installations for drying grain that meet the requirements of modern Russian agrarian production is an urgent and important scientific and technical task that is essential for the development of the country. To solve this problem, we have developed a contact-type installation with a belt conveyor. For an objective assessment of the research object, the specific energy consumption per 1 kg of evaporated moisture qуд, kJ/kg of moisture was taken as an optimization criterion. The study of the installation in the drying mode was carried out on oat grain. After processing the results of the experiments, a new equation was obtained. This is a regression equation in natural and coded values of independent factors. The regression equation characterizes the influence of independent factors on the optimization criterion. Having solved the regression equation, it was found that the minimum specific energy consumption for drying grain is 4388 kJ/kg of moisture. This value is achieved at an average temperature of the conveyor belt tᴤр = 60 °C and the residence time of grain in the installation τ>об = 40 s. In this case, the convergence of theoretical and experimentally obtained research results was at least 95%. The decrease in grain moisture during the heating cycle in the developed installation is 2 ... 2.5%, which corresponds to agrotechnical requirements. Thus, as a result of theoretical and experimental studies of the developed installation, it was revealed that with optimal values of independent factors, the specific energy consumption is 4388 kJ/kg of moisture, which is 1.5 times less compared to serial grain dryers, in particular, with the SZ - 1.

scholarly journals Model Based Simulation and Genetic Algorithm Based Optimisation of Spiral Wound Membrane RO Process for Improved Dimethylphenol Rejection from Wastewater

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi ◽  
Alejandro Ruiz-García ◽  
Ghanim Hassan ◽  
Jian-Ping Li ◽  
Chakib Kara-Zaïtri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Channel Height ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Feed Channel ◽  
Membrane Design

Reverse Osmosis (RO) has already proved its worth as an efficient treatment method in chemical and environmental engineering applications. Various successful RO attempts for the rejection of organic and highly toxic pollutants from wastewater can be found in the literature over the last decade. Dimethylphenol is classified as a high-toxic organic compound found ubiquitously in wastewater. It poses a real threat to humans and the environment even at low concentration. In this paper, a model based framework was developed for the simulation and optimisation of RO process for the removal of dimethylphenol from wastewater. We incorporated our earlier developed and validated process model into the Species Conserving Genetic Algorithm (SCGA) based optimisation framework to optimise the design and operational parameters of the process. To provide a deeper insight of the process to the readers, the influences of membrane design parameters on dimethylphenol rejection, water recovery rate and the level of specific energy consumption of the process for two different sets of operating conditions are presented first which were achieved via simulation. The membrane parameters taken into consideration include membrane length, width and feed channel height. Finally, a multi-objective function is presented to optimise the membrane design parameters, dimethylphenol rejection and required energy consumption. Simulation results affirmed insignificant and significant impacts of membrane length and width on dimethylphenol rejection and specific energy consumption, respectively. However, these performance indicators are negatively influenced due to increasing the feed channel height. On the other hand, optimisation results generated an optimum removal of dimethylphenol at reduced specific energy consumption for a wide sets of inlet conditions. More importantly, the dimethylphenol rejection increased by around 2.51% to 98.72% compared to ordinary RO module measurements with a saving of around 20.6% of specific energy consumption.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies of Effect of Shearer Auger Operating Device Effective Width on Effectiveness of Loading Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
O. E. Shabaev ◽  
P. P. Zinchenko ◽  
A. V. Meznikov
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Adaptive Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Effective Width ◽  
Actual Operating

Intensification of coal mining from mine seams of 0.55–1.20 m thick requires increasing efficiency of loose coal loading that may be achieved by selecting the optimal parameters of auger operating device of a shearer. The most reliable way to determine effect of the auger parameters on the energy parameters of the shearer operation is experimental research in actual operating conditions. As the subjects of the research, we selected up-to-date UKD400 and UKD200-500 shearers, operating in representative conditions of the Krasny Partizan mine of SE SVERDLOVANTRATSIT and Ternovskaya mine of DTEK PAVLOGRADUGOL PJSC. An adaptive method for specific mining operating conditions is proposed for determining the specific energy consumption of the shearers on material disruption and loading for thin seams in actual operating conditions based on fixing the values of currents of the cutting drive motors. Based on processing of the experimental data, an indicative dependence of the power for rock mass loading on the feed rate and the effective width of the operating device is determined. Increasing the auger effective width results in increasing the loading power and specific energy consumption. At the same time, the higher the shearer feed rate, the greater the growth of the loading power and specific energy consumption. This is due to the beginning of the process of loose rock mass circulation, and the larger the auger effective width, the more intensive the circulation process, and at the lower feed rate of the shearer the process starts. A method is proposed for selecting the auger optimum effective width based on the criteria of minimum specific energy consumption and maximum commercial productivity.

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