scholarly journals The influence of the moisture content of raw materials on the structuring of the extrudates

10.5219/1189 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 898-905
Author(s):  
Davit Tsagareishvili ◽  
Otari Sesikashvili ◽  
Gia Dadunashvili ◽  
Nugzari Sakhanberidze ◽  
Shalva Tsagareishvili
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Starch Gelatinization ◽  
Embrittlement Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the results of studies on the model systems of extrudates  conducted with a view to determining the function of moisture during the process of forming the structure of starch pastes. There was studied the influence of the moisture content of raw materials on a starch gelatinization point. Studies showed that 15% moisture content in raw materials is sufficient for its constituent phase – starch gelatinization, as well as for the transition of the whole mass to a fluid-viscous state. Further increase in the moisture content is accompanied by a decrease in a gelatinization point. In order to study the influence of moisture on the formation of a porous structure of extrudates, we studied the relationship between the different-type starch pastes and the degree of its transparency and its embrittlement temperature. It has been found that during the process of thermal and mechanical impacts, there occurs the process of the formation of a structure of starch pastes, in particular, samples with the different moisture contents can have an amorphous or crystalline structure. There has been established the relationship between the moisture content of raw materials on the modulus of elasticity of starch pastes based on them. The modulus of elasticity of samples was determined one hour (cooling time to room temperature) and one week after obtaining the starch paste. The above studies showed that minimal physico-chemical and mechanical transformations occur in starch pastes, which are in an amorphous state, that is, in the conditions of a low moisture content. We have established that the moisture content of raw materials, on the one hand, ensures the transition of a high-dispersive phase to a fluid state, or implementing the ex process of extrusion, and on the other hand, influences on the formation of a porous structure in the extrudates.

scholarly journals Quality Management Enriching Food Systems from Domestic Raw Materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Tatyana Alekseeva ◽  
Yuliya Kalgina ◽  
Dmitry Bokarev ◽  
Valeria Evlakova ◽  
Ludmila Malakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Food System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Functional Orientation

The state policy in Russian Federation in the field of nutrition is aimed at the development of advanced food technologies and the development of food-enriching systems of functional orientation. Rheological properties of model systems with different moisture content on the basis of wheat germ cake as a by-product of flour and oil extraction production were studied. In this paper we investigate a model food system based on wheat wheat germ oil cake of various degrees of hydration with a moisture content in the range of 59-68 %. Rheological properties of food systems were controlled with the help of informationmeasuring system including the device “structure Meter ST-2”. Calculation of normal stress showed that with the increase in the mass of water in food systems in the extrusion mass through a die, the mechanical stresses were reduced.

The Belt and Road Initiative and Sino-Russian economic cooperation: Is there one more chance for us?

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Petr M. Mozias
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
The One ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Current Stage

China’s Belt and Road Initiative could be treated ambiguously. On the one hand, it is intended to transform the newly acquired economic potential of that country into its higher status in the world. China invites a lot of nations to build up gigantic transit corridors by joint efforts, and doing so it applies productively its capital and technologies. International transactions in RMB are also being expanded. But, on the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative is also a necessity for China to cope with some evident problems of its current stage of development, such as industrial overcapacity, overdependence on imports of raw materials from a narrow circle of countries, and a subordinate status in global value chains. For Russia participation in the Belt and Road Initiative may be fruitful, since the very character of that project provides us with a space to manoeuvre. By now, Russian exports to China consist primarily of fuels and other commodities. More active industrial policy is needed to correct this situation . A flexible framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is more suitable for this objective to be achieved, rather than traditional forms of regional integration, such as a free trade zone.

Misreading Egypt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Experimental Film ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Sergei Eisenstein ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Technologies

The first chapter of Hieroglyphic Modernisms exposes the complex history of Western misconceptions of Egyptian writing from antiquity to the present. Hieroglyphs bridge the gap between modern technologies and the ancient past, looking forward to the rise of new media and backward to the dispersal of languages in the mythical moment of the Tower of Babel. The contradictory ways in which hieroglyphs were interpreted in the West come to shape the differing ways that modernist writers and filmmakers understood the relationship between writing, film, and other new media. On the one hand, poets like Ezra Pound and film theorists like Vachel Lindsay and Sergei Eisenstein use the visual languages of China and of Egypt as a more primal or direct alternative to written words. But Freud, Proust, and the later Eisenstein conversely emphasize the phonetic qualities of Egyptian writing, its similarity to alphabetical scripts. The chapter concludes by arguing that even avant-garde invocations of hieroglyphics depend on narrative form through an examination of Hollis Frampton’s experimental film Zorns Lemma.

Researching (with) Major Food Retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Food Retailer ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

This paper considers the relationship between social science and the food industry, and it suggests that collaboration can be intellectually productive and morally rewarding. It explores the middle ground that exists between paid consultancy models of collaboration on the one hand and a principled stance of nonengagement on the other. Drawing on recent experiences of researching with a major food retailer in the UK, I discuss the ways in which collaborating with retailers can open up opportunities for accessing data that might not otherwise be available to social scientists. Additionally, I put forward the argument that researchers with an interest in the sustainability—ecological or otherwise—of food systems, especially those of a critical persuasion, ought to be empirically engaging with food businesses. I suggest that this is important in terms of generating better understandings of the objectionable arrangements that they seek to critique, and in terms of opening up conduits through which to affect positive changes. Cutting across these points is the claim that while resistance to commercial engagement might be misguided, it is nevertheless important to acknowledge the power-geometries of collaboration and to find ways of leveling and/or leveraging them. To conclude, I suggest that universities have an important institutional role to play in defining the terms of engagement as well as maintaining the boundaries between scholarship and consultancy—a line that can otherwise become quite fuzzy when the worlds of commerce and academic research collide.

Energetic relationships for crushing of soil clods

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
István Patay ◽  
Virág Sándor
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Rigid Support ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
Specific Energy Requirement ◽  
The Relationship

Clod crushing is a principal problem with soils of high clay content. Therefore, there is a need for determining the conditions for clod breaking and clod crushing. The objective of the work was to develop a special purpose tool for single clod breaking both by rigid support of the clod and by a single clod supported by soil and to develop a machine for clod crushing. Furthermore, the purpose was to determine the relationship between the specific energy requirement for clod crushing in the function of soil plasticity and the soil moisture content by the means of the developed tool and machine. The main result of the experiments is summarized in a 3D diagram where the specific energy requirement for soil clod crushing is given in the function of the moisture content and the plasticity index for different clay soils.

Choice Of Technique And The Volume Of Saving (A Re-Examination Of The Cobb-Douglas Model)

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-617
Author(s):  
Mohammad Anisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
The One ◽  
Choice Of Technique ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the relationship between the degree of aggregate labour-intensity and the aggregate volume of saving in an economy where a Cobb-6ouglas production function in its traditional form can be assumed to give a good approximation to reality. The relationship in ques¬tion has an obviously important bearing on economic development policy in the area of choice of labour intensity. To the extent that and in the range where an increase in labour intensity would adversely affect the volume of savings, a con¬flict arises between two important social objectives, i.e., higher rate of capital formation on the one hand and greater employment and distributive equity on the other. If relative resource endowments in the economy are such that such a "competitive" range of labour-intensity falls within the nation's attainable range of choice, development planners will have to arrive at a compromise between these two social goals.

ANALYSIS OF SOUND SPEED IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION AT REFERENCE MOISTURE CONTENT (w = 12 %) IN SAWMILL ASSORTMENTS (FAGUS SYLVATICA, L.)

Akustika ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Alena Rohanová
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Structural Timber ◽  
Sound Speeds ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Round Timber

This paper explores the analysis of sound speeds in the longitudinal direction and their reduction to the reference moisture content w = 12 %. The sound speed cw was determined with Sylvatest Duo device. Moisture content of beech sawmill assortments (round timber: N = 16, logs: N = 2 × 16, structural boards: N = 54) in the range of 12 – 72 % was measured. For the analysis purposes, the sound speed was converted to reference conditions (c12, uref = 12%). A second-degree polynomial (parabola) with a regression equation of the form: c// = 5649 - 27,371 × w + 0.0735 × w2 was used to convert cw to c12, and correction of measured and calculated values was used as well. The sound speeds c12 in sawmill assortments (c12,round, c12,log, c12,board) were evaluated by linear dependences. Dependence was not confirmed for c12,round and c12,board1 (r = 0.168), in contrast for c12,round and c12,log2 the dependence is statistically very significant (r = 0.634). The results of testing showed that the most suitable procedure for predicting quality of structural timber is the first step round timber – log2, the second step: log2 - board2. More exact results of the construction boards were obtained from log2 than from log1. The sound speed is used in the calculation of dynamic modulus of elasticity (Edyn). EN 408 mentions the possibility of using dynamic modulus of elasticity as an alternative method in predicting the quality of structural timber.

Barley seed storage under controlled conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Zadorozhna ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Seed longevity of 76 spring barley gene pool samples (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. distichon, convar. distichon: 56 nutans Schubl., two deficience (Steud.) Koern., two erectum Rode ex Shuebl., two medicum Koern.; convar. nudum (L.) A.Trof.: one nudum L. та subsp. vulgare: convar. vulgare: nine pallidum Ser., three rikotense Regel.; convar. coeleste (L.) A.Trof.: one coeleste (L.) A.Trof.) from 26 countries, 11 years and four places of reproduction was analyzed. Seeds with 5–8% moisture content were stored in chamber with unregulated and 4oC temperature. The possibility of seed storage under these conditions for at least 10 years without significant changes in germination has been established. The importance of meteorological conditions in the formation and ripening of seeds for their longevity is confirmed. The relationship between the decrease of barley seeds longevity and storage conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature regime during the growing season of plants is discussed.

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