scholarly journals Recombinant metalloprotease as a perspective enzyme for meat tenderization

10.5219/1087 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 628-633
Author(s):  
Mikhail Minaev ◽  
Anzhelika Aleksandrovna Makhova
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Test Evaluation ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Maximum Shear Force ◽  
Substrate Peptide ◽  
Merops Database ◽  
Meat Tenderization

Peptidase family M9 (MEROPS database) is true collagenases and contains bacterial collagenases from Vibrio and Clostridium. One of the producers of M9A subfamily peptidase is Aeromonas salmonicida (locus - ASA_3723). The aim of the study was production of recombinant metallopeptidase Aeromonas salmonicida by transformation Pichia pastoris for further meat tenderization. Laboratory amounts of recombinant peptidase were obtained and test evaluation of enzyme activity was performed. Recombinant peptidase broke the peptide bond «Pro-Leu-Gly-Met-Trp-Ser-Arg» (one of the collagen chains, (Mw = 846.06)). The concentration of the substrate (peptide) after 180 min was 2 – fold decrease as compared with control. The maximum shear force of heat-treated samples had a 1.27 – fold decrease as compared with the control. As a result of histological studies of beef shank samples, the specific effect of the supernatant on the structure of connective tissue was established. Muscle fibers have not changed. The recombinant enzyme could be used for the meat tenderization.

Study of Structure and Properties of New Rolling-Cut Shear

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 991-995
Author(s):  
Zhi Bing Chu ◽  
Qing Xue Huang ◽  
Zhi Yuan Zhang ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Motion Path ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Force Component ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Maximum Shear Force ◽  
Force Components

Based on rolling-cut shear simulation, using a kind of single-shaft and double eccentricity rolling-cut shear, which adopts a new structure of asymmetric feature and negative bias, as the calculating model by establishing motion path equation of spatial shear mechanism, comparing with the steel shear forces, link forces and horizontal link force components with or without asymmetric feature, the asymmetric formulation is deduced. Such asymmetric crank structure can decrease horizontal force component between the linkages during rolling-cut process, increase the effective drive force on links while it comes to the maximum shear force, and decrease the extrusion of blade arc on steel edge as well. Theoretical analysis and steel-shearing quality at site indicate that asymmetric and negative bias is an important and efficient way to prolong the lifetime of blade, decrease blade wear, improve shearing quality, and maintain the constant clearance between blades.

Design of reinforcing piles to increase slope stability

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry G. Poulos
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Pile Diameter ◽  
Maximum Shear Force ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Length Step ◽  
Pile Interaction ◽  
Pile Length

This paper describes an approach for the design of piles to reinforce slopes, involving three main steps: (1) evaluating the shear force needed to increase the safety factor to the desired value; (2) evaluating the maximum shear force that each pile can provide to resist sliding of the potentially unstable portion of the slope; and (3) selection of the type and number of piles, and the most suitable location of these piles within the slope. For step 1, stability analyses can be used to assess the required additional shear force for stability. Step 2 involves the use of a computer analysis for the response of a pile to laterally moving soil. This analysis can be implemented via a computer program ERCAP, and enables the resisting shear force developed by the piles to be evaluated as a function of pile diameter and flexibility and the relative depth of the soil movement in relation to the pile length. Step (3) involves the use of engineering judgement in conjunction with the analysis results from steps 1 and 2. The paper describes the ERCAP analysis and the characteristics of pile behaviour it reveals. The application of the approach to a highway bypass problem in Newcastle, Australia, is described in detail. In the final design, a total of 64 bored piles 1.2 m in diameter were used over a total length of slope cutting of about 250 m. The pile lengths ranged between 6 and 12 m, with the spacings varying between 3.2 and 6.0 m. Key words : analysis, boundary element, piles, soil–pile interaction, slope stabilization, soil mechanics.

Seismic Response Analysis of Unequal Altitude Double-Tower Connecting Structure with the Changes of Connecting Beam Location

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 4043-4047
Author(s):  
Jin Song Lei ◽  
Qing Ma ◽  
Bo Xue
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Vibration Period ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Maximum Shear Force

Dynamic characteristics and seismic response for unequal height double-tower structure models were analyzed by finite element software. The effort of the connecting beam location changes to the structural vibration period, the maximum displacement on top and the maximum shear force at bottom were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that horizontal displacement under the seismic waves in x direction is larger than the displacement under seismic waves in y direction. When the locations of the connecting body vary, the influence to structural vibration period is different as vibration modes change. The effort to the maximum shear force of the structure at bottom under the seismic waves in x direction is larger than the displacement in y direction. The above results provide references for design and further studying.

Analysis and Optimization of Dismantling Machine Shear Head Based on ANSYS Workbench

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 653-657
Author(s):  
Wan Peng Du ◽  
Yong Jian Zhang ◽  
Chen Quan Zhou ◽  
Ai Hui Zhang ◽  
Ji Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Equivalent Stress ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Total Deformation ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Maximum Shear Force ◽  
Maximum Equivalent Stress ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Ansys Workbench

The object is dismantling machine shear head with 500kN’s maximum shear force. The three-dimensional models, static analysis, topology optimization were done in the ANSYS Workbench. And the goal driven optimization was done which based on topology optimization. The maximum total deformation, maximum equivalent stress and geometry mass were selected as objective parameters and the distance of two connecting holes, diameter of long hole and length of blade as design variables. At last, the optimized structure was checked. The strength and rigidity meet the requirements and the mass decreased.

scholarly journals Sensory analysis of meat of cockerels and pullets fed with diets containing Amaranth or fishmeal

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Jůzl ◽  
Jana Simeonovová ◽  
Bohumila Písaříková
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Group Evaluation ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Evaluation Group ◽  
Positive Effect

Sensory-evaluation was conducted on 80 chickens (ROSS 308) 36 days old. Chickens were divided into groups by course of the diet addition of Amaranth or fishmeal in basic fed diets BR1 and BR2 (addition 2% of fish meal, 10% of no-heat-treated Amaranth, 10% of heat-treated Amaranth – popping, 10% of dry mass of Amaranth). Groups were separated by sex in rearing. Totally were 8 groups of 10 chickens. It was evaluated sensory quality of breast and legs (thigh and drumstick). There were 8 members of evaluation group; evaluation was done by group of 8 members satisfied all conditions in ISO 8586-1 in special room for sensory analysis (according to ISO 8589).It was used five-point scale (1 – at least desirable, 5 – the most desirable) in evaluation of five main (descriptors) attributes of meat (colour, texture, juiciness, odour and taste).Breast meat texture of group of heat–treated Amaranth was evaluated even with shear-force measuring (W.B.).The correlation coefficient was –0,91 for statistical relationship between sensorial measured texture and evaluation of the shear-force. Addition of no-heat-treated and dry mass of Amaranth had positive effect (P < 0,05) on colour (paler meat), taste and odour (more desirable) than addition of fishmeal and heat-treated Amaranth. Members of evaluation group detected moderate fish aftertaste and false taste of thighs at meat, when chickens were fed by fishmeal (but without statistical variance). Beyond, variance (P < 0,05) was detected with addition of fishmeal only in compare with dry mass of Amaranth addition. This diet was evaluated as more desirable than others groups in relation to taste and odour of meat. All groups fed by Amaranth were positive evaluated in taste and odour and no group were qualify as unacceptable for consumers. Contrasts between sexes were not indicated in this age of young chickens, but only tendency to better texture and taste of the meat of pullets.

Proteolysis and texture of hard ewes' milk cheese during ripening as affected by somatic cell counts

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Revilla ◽  
Jose Manuel Rodríguez-Nogales ◽  
Ana M Vivar-Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Maximum Shear Force ◽  
Sensory Qualities

Ewes' milk samples with low (<500000 ml−1), medium (1000000–1500000 ml−1) and high (>2500000 ml−1) somatic cell counts (SCC) were used to manufacture hard ewes' cheese using the Zamorano cheese manufacturing protocol. Cheeses that had been ripened for 1, 2 and 3 months were used to obtain isoelectric ovine casein that was analysed by capillary electrophoresis. The texture of the cheeses during ripening was determined instrumentally using the Warner-Bratzler maximum shear force and assessed for sensory qualities by consumers using hedonic tests. The study revealed that the pH value and the lactose content of the milk were affected by high SCC and that the coagulation properties were dependent on the somatic cell content. The protein and moisture contents of the cheeses were unaffected by SCC but a significant increase of pH with ripening time were observed in high-SCC cheeses. The results also pointed to a significant increase in proteolysis related to SCC levels, showing that intact casein, both αs1 and β-casein, decreased as the SCC of milk increased, and that the proteolytic fragments, mainly I-αs1, increased with SCC levels. Significant differences in texture were found among the samples, the cheeses made with high levels of SCC being significantly less compact at each ripening time. The differences in texture were detected by the consumers, who reported defects in cheeses made with high levels of SCC. Indeed, high SCC cheeses were significantly less well accepted.

scholarly journals Development of a Manually Operated Hydraulic Press and Pull

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethrand N Nwankwojike ◽  
Chukwunonso N Nwogu ◽  
Godswill Kalu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Hydraulic Pump ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Maximum Shear Force ◽  
Local Materials

A hydraulic press and pull machine comprising of a frame, cylinder and piston, two threaded studs, hydraulic pump and hose, pulling clamp and a workpiece support was designed, fabricated and evaluated. The machine is manually operated. The maximum shear force, maximum bending moment and maximum displacement of the machine workpiece support were determined as 74.9491N, 16.6335N-m and 4.367e3mm for a simulated load of 1000N. Maximum axial, bending and torsional stresses were also determined as 0.00359, 701998 and 0.00653N/m2 respectively. performance of the developed machine was determined using seven bearings of bore diameters 24, 30, 40, 50, 65, 80 and 100mm respectively, fitted into seven corresponding shafts with shaft deviation of ±0.001mm and dismantled afterwards using three different methods: traditional hammering, the developed manual hydraulic press and pull machine and already existing electrically powered hydraulic press. The results of the experiments showed that traditional hammering is the most time consuming method of mounting and dismounting force fits, followed by the use of the developed press-pull machine while electrically powered hydraulic presses are the fastest.The machine which was fabricated with local materials will reduce the time and stress associated with installation and removal of bearings, and other forms of force fits in machine assemblies. Hence, leading to an overall improvement in the standard of machines/equipment fabricated in Nigeria

scholarly journals Investigating the factors influencing the shear behaviour of 0/90∘ non-crimp fabrics to form a reference shear test

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832199162
Author(s):  
Likith Krishnappa ◽  
Jan-Hendrik Ohlendorf ◽  
Michael Brink ◽  
Klaus-Dieter Thoben
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Shear Angle ◽  
Tension Force ◽  
Shear Behaviour ◽  
Technical Textiles ◽  
Complex Part ◽  
Maximum Shear Force ◽  
Testing Speed ◽  
Picture Frame Test

Technical textiles have the ability to deform under load by shearing, which distinguishes them from thin sheet materials such as paper. This particular property helps them to deform and take the shape of the complex part that they were intended to create. Draping, flexibility and handling of technical textiles are greatly affected by their shearing behaviour. In this paper, the influence that factors such as stitch (i.e., presence or absence of it), testing speed and the pre-tension force applied have on the shear behaviour of 0/90∘ technical textile is studied to form a reference test. To achieve this, 0/90∘ technical textile samples in two different forms are prepared and subjected to the Trellis picture frame test. It was observed that the presence of stitch greatly affected the critical shear angle and the maximum shear force experienced by the textile. Increase in testing speeds and pre-tension force also increased the shear force experienced by it. However, the critical shear angle decreased with the increase in testing speed, while the value of pre-tension force applied had no effect on the critical shear angle.

Joining of Polycarbonate Ring/Disk to Metal Sheet/Shaft and its Easy Disassembly

2009 ◽  
Vol 83-86 ◽  
pp. 881-888
Author(s):  
Yukio Kasuga ◽  
T. Okai ◽  
Shigehiro Kawamori
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Circular Disk ◽  
Metal Sheet ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Press Fitting ◽  
Joint Deformation ◽  
Cold Rolled

For the possibility of easy disassembly of a joint assisted by strain recovery, the joint is fabricated with a cold rolled circular polycarbonate (PC) disk embedded in the center of an aluminium or a PC disk. Also, a shaft and a hollow circular disk are assembled by compressing or press fitting a cold rolled PC ring into the gap between them. First, the cold rolled polycarbonate disk is heat treated and the change in geometry is examined. Secondly, in order to evaluate joint strength, shear force and torque of the assembled joints are discussed with regard to reduction in thickness, tool clearance and interference. Lastly, joints are heat treated and the disassembly is checked. The cold rolled disk is recovered with the temperature 190°C for 20min. In embedding, disk compression in addition to rolling reduction is effective in increasing joint strength. In fabricating the shaft/disk joint, deformation of polycarbonate was not effective due to the recovery in room temperature after joining, while press fitting of the polycarbonate ring could fabricate the assembly. Heat treatment helped the joint to be automatically disassembled. The directly joined parts became completely apart, but the shaft/disk joint was disassembled only between the ring and the disk.

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