scholarly journals ECHOLOCATING THE DIGITAL SELF: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette N Markham
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Response Versus ◽  
And Function

This paper explores echolocation as a conceptual framework to extend our understanding of digital sociality. Echolocation is a process whereby the characteristics of an echo build a map of location and relation. Most often we think of how bats, whales, and dolphins echolocate to navigate. If we think of radar, sonar, or lidar, we might think of submarines, autonomous vehicles, or even geolocation on our mobile devices. In this paper, I discuss echolocation as a symbolic interaction framework for describing how the Self is negotiated and identified in and as a part of social space. It focuses attention on the character and function of pings, push notifications, red dots on device screens, and other responses in ongoing interactions between people in social media or between humans and nonhuman or more than human elements of media ecologies. The interpretive qualitative analysis is part of a six year ethnographic study of youth. The analysis of echolocation emerges from a subset of the larger study, those who feel anxiety and even existential vulnerability when disconnected. Based on this qualitative analysis of narratives, the paper builds and extends echolocation as a theory of digital sociality that pays close attention to the response versus the performance in the interaction model.

scholarly journals Modeling the Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on Land Use Using a LUTI Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Rubén Cordera ◽  
Soledad Nogués ◽  
Esther González-González ◽  
José Luis Moura
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Unwanted Effect ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Current Paradigm ◽  
Shed Light

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) can generate major changes in urban systems due to their ability to use road infrastructures more efficiently and shorten trip times. However, there is great uncertainty about these effects and about whether the use of these vehicles will continue to be private, in continuity with the current paradigm, or whether they will become shared (carsharing/ridesharing). In order to try to shed light on these matters, the use of a scenario-based methodology and the evaluation of the scenarios using a land use–transport interaction model (LUTI model TRANSPACE) is proposed. This model allows simulating the impacts that changes in the transport system can generate on the location of households and companies oriented to local demand and accessibility conditions. The obtained results allow us to state that, if AVs would generate a significant increase in the capacity of urban and interurban road infrastructures, the impacts on mobility and on the location of activities could be positive, with a decrease in the distances traveled, trip times, and no evidence of significant urban sprawl processes. However, if these increases in capacity are accompanied by a large augment in the demand for shared journeys by new users (young, elderly) or empty journeys, the positive effects could disappear. Thus, this scenario would imply an increase in trip times, reduced accessibilities, and longer average distances traveled, all of which could cause the unwanted effect of expelling activities from the consolidated urban center.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Antimicrobial Stewardship among Infectious Disease Physicians at Two Affiliated Teaching Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s346-s348
Author(s):  
Katharina Rynkiewich ◽  
David Schwartz ◽  
Sarah Won ◽  
Brad Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Prescribing Behavior ◽  
Doctoral Candidate ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Primary Service ◽  
Attending Physicians

Background: Two affiliated teaching hospitals in Chicago, Illinois, participated in an ethnographic study of hospital-based inpatient antimicrobial stewardship programs and interventions between 2017 and 2018. Although antimicrobial stewardship is now a requirement in medical practice, it is not clear how infectious disease physicians perceive and understand antimicrobial stewardship. Over a period of 18 months, we directly observed infectious disease practice to better understand how antimicrobial stewardship is conducted among physicians within the same specialty. Methods: A doctoral candidate medical anthropologist conducted semistructured interviews with infectious disease attending physicians and fellow physicians (N = 18) at 2 affiliated teaching hospitals in Chicago, IL, between July 2017 and March 2018 as part of an ethnographic study involving direct observation of inpatient care. Interview questions focused on 3 key domains: (1) descriptions of antimicrobial use among hospital-based physicians, (2) solicited definitions of antimicrobial stewardship, and (3) experiences practicing as an infectious disease consultant. Physicians who were directly involved with the antimicrobial stewardship program were excluded from this analysis. Transcriptions of the data were analyzed using thematic coding aided by MAXQDA qualitative analysis software. Results: Infectious disease physicians have a robust understanding of antimicrobial stewardship (Table 1). Infectious disease physicians described other hospital-based physicians as regularly overusing and misusing antimicrobials, compared with their practice, which they described as “thoughtful.” Definitions in response to the question “What is antimicrobial stewardship?” centered on guiding the prescribing behavior of others. Infectious disease physicians valued stewardship and were concerned with lack of adherence to antimicrobial prescribing recommendations among other hospital-based physicians, behaviors which infectious disease physicians viewed as perpetuating antibiotic resistance. Finally, infectious disease physicians found serving as antimicrobial stewards during their everyday practice to be challenging based on their role as consultants to the primary service. Conclusions: Our qualitative analysis revealed that infectious disease physicians not regularly involved in antimicrobial stewardship are highly motivated stewards who perceive their hospital-based colleagues to be less effective at appropriately prescribing antimicrobials. As consultants, infectious disease physicians are not autonomous decision makers. However, as antimicrobial stewardship programs search for champions, infectious disease physicians could be better utilized as knowledgeable and motivated individuals who can make the case for stewardship.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals TACTICS OF BORDER CROSSING MOVEMENT: EXPLORING THE MOBILITY OF BRAZILIANS THROUGH THE SCHENGEN AND UK AIRSPACE

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Dias
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Research Orientation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Embodied Practice

This paper addresses the relations between migrants, mobility, tactics, negotiation, and the contemporary definition of borders in the aftermath of 9/11.The empirical focus of this paper is how Brazilians from Alto Paranaiba journey through airports located in the Schengen area and in the British territory to London. As a main research orientation, I use the notion of journey as approached by mobility studies, where actions and skills remain an important link between the wayfarer and the social space in which s/he moves through, the embodied practice to how we grasp the world. Migrants deal and struggle against border regime, but they are not powerless social actors. They rather produce creative resistance to reinvent their journey through the surveillance apparatus, which manage and delimit places with targets and threats. In this process, I explore the notion of border crossing movement as a tactical mobility developed by migrants to overcome the border control imposed by governments in airports. The article was drawn through fieldwork conducted initially in London, between 2009 and 2013, and afterwards in Alto Paranaiba, during 2013. The ethnographic study consisted in semi-structured interviews, participant observation through snowball technique, which enabled me to access a considerable number of participants in these two regions explored. The argument that I develop is that migrants as social actors are part important in the dialogue produced between border crossing and border reinforcement.

scholarly journals Commute as Ritual: Wellington Harbour Ferry Terminal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrew R. Mitchener
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Modern World ◽  
End User ◽  
A Value ◽  
Infrastructure Design ◽  
And Function ◽  
Block Sizes

<p>Transport infrastructure is the template upon which we build our inhabitations. Decisions regarding street arrangements, block sizes, and larger scale infrastructure design for example have an enduring and profound affect on the quality of our spatial environments. The conceptual framework we apply when generating and subsequently manipulating this template sets the parameters by which it is judged. By convention, transport infrastructure is considered a purely technical undertaking, within which designers rarely play any meaningful part. The spaces of mobility are thus from their very genesis conceived as instrumental in nature, judged as mere conduits whose function is to join meaningful places such as work and home, fulfilling an economic imperative. Recent research has shown however that affective, symbolic factors play a greater role than instrumental considerations in modal choice of commuters, suggesting that, to the end user at least, transport possesses a value beyond simple utility. Indeed, mobility itself is often cited as a defining characteristic of the modern world, implying a highly symbolic status. This gap between the instrumental conceptual framework we apply to transport infrastructure and the symbolically loaded experience of mobility is an opportunity for design to enrich the experience of users, framed in this research as commuters. Through investigation of the commute as a quotidian, secular ritual greater consideration is given to extra-economic value in the spaces of transport infrastructure. This research analyses the nature and function of ritual in contemporary secular life and argues for the applicability of a ritual framework for understanding value in transport infrastructure. The spatial implications of ritual (defined as symbol + action  and exhibiting the key sociocultural functions of mnemonic and liminality) are explored through the design of a harbour ferry terminal for Wellington.</p>

Academic Governance Arrangements

2022 ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Vivek Soni ◽  
Devinder Kumar Banwet
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Academic Governance ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Governance Arrangements

Governing the quality of academic activities at the institution level is a challenging task. Literature shows that the model of academic governance considers quality but still lacks proper standardization of academic functions and risk minimization in higher institutes. In the current chapter, the authors present a conceptual framework of academic governance, different arrangements settings, and exploring nexus of governance in education sector: how it operates to support the quality of academic activities. Using literature content and qualitative analysis, firstly the chapter explores a few factors of academic governance such as expectations of regulators, standards, and quality, and secondly, it presents influences due to pandemic on academic governance. At the last, this chapter draws inferences to act as a starting point for the study on academic governance, refers knowledge, infuses more research practices, and answers a few questions that might surface from the implementation of academic governance in assuring quality.

scholarly journals How Can Smart Mobility Innovations Alleviate Transportation Disadvantage? Assembling a Conceptual Framework through a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Butler ◽  
Tan Yigitcanlar ◽  
Alexander Paz
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Smart Mobility

Transportation disadvantage is about the difficulty accessing mobility services required to complete activities associated with employment, shopping, business, essential needs, and recreation. Technological innovations in the field of smart mobility have been identified as a potential solution to help individuals overcome issues associated with transportation disadvantage. This paper aims to provide a consolidated understanding on how smart mobility innovations can contribute to alleviate transportation disadvantage. A systematic literature review is completed, and a conceptual framework is developed to provide the required information to address transportation disadvantage. The results are categorized under the physical, economic, spatial, temporal, psychological, information, and institutional dimensions of transportation disadvantage. The study findings reveal that: (a) Primary smart mobility innovations identified in the literature are demand responsive transportation, shared transportation, intelligent transportation systems, electric mobility, autonomous vehicles, and Mobility-as-a-Services. (b) Smart mobility innovations could benefit urban areas by improving accessibility, efficiency, coverage, flexibility, safety, and the overall integration of the transportation system. (c) Smart mobility innovations have the potential to contribute to the alleviation of transportation disadvantage. (d) Mobility-as-a-Service has high potential to alleviate transportation disadvantage primarily due to its ability to integrate a wide-range of services.

Innovation in Surgery: Qualitative Analysis of the Decision-Making Process and Ethical Concerns

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alban Zarzavadjian Le Bian ◽  
David Fuks ◽  
Renato Costi ◽  
Manuela Cesaretti ◽  
Audrey Bruderer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Surgical Innovation ◽  
Ethical Conflicts ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Ideal

Background. Surgical innovation from surgeon’s standpoint has never been scrutinized as it may lead to understand and improve surgical innovation, potentially to refine the IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term Follow-up) recommendations. Methods. A qualitative analysis was designed. A purposive expert sampling was then performed in organ transplant as it was chosen as the ideal model of surgical innovation. Interviews were designed, and main themes included the following: definition of surgical innovation, the decision-making process of surgical innovation, and ethical dilemmas. A semistructured design was designed to analyze the decision-making process, using the Forces Interaction Model. An in-depth design with open-ended questions was chosen to define surgical innovation and ethical dilemmas. Results. Interviews were performed in 2014. Participants were 7 professors of surgery: 3 in liver transplant, 2 in heart transplant, and 2 in face transplant. Saturation was reached. They demonstrated an intuitive understanding of surgical innovation. Using the Forces Interaction Model, decision leading to contemporary innovation results mainly from collegiality, when the surgeon was previously the main factor. The patient is seemingly lesser in the decision. A perfect innovative surgeon was described (with resiliency, legitimacy, and no technical restriction). Ethical conflicts were related to risk assessment and doubts regarding methodology when most participants (4/7) described ethical dilemma as being irrelevant. Conclusions. Innovation in surgery is teamwork. Therefore, it should be performed in specific specialized centers. Those centers should include Ethics and Laws department in order to integrate these concepts to innovative process. This study enables to improve the IDEAL recommendations and is a major asset in surgery.

scholarly journals Sted, trivsel og skoleavbrudd - individuelle og strukturelle mekanismer i skolen synliggjort gjennom ungdoms fortellinger

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Torill Aagot Halvorsen ◽  
Mette Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Educational Science ◽  
Henri Lefebvre ◽  
School Activities ◽  
School Practice ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Insight Into

The aim of this article is to examine young people’s narratives about place in the dropout process and how they make sense of everyday practices in social places. Studying young people’s experiences about place can provide insight of how change and continuity can influence decisions and practices. This article is based on preliminary findings from the longitudinal ethnographic study [Name of project] in which 71 youths from the county of Telemark are regularly interviewed. The article presents excerpts from the stories, which give us insight into everyday practices, relationships and experiences from school activities. The French professor, philosopher and sociologist Henri Lefebvre, known to city planners and architects, was also engaged in education and teaching. However, in the Nordic countries, his work has largely been ignored by the pedagogical and educational science. In this article, we want to highlight his critical thinking on education where he introduces pedagogical concepts, principles and mind-sets that might have a significant importance when analyzing the young people’s narratives, trying to understand their everyday practice. The results in this study indicate that young people struggle in different ways with their everyday school practice, social space and the place they grow up, which again influence their endeavors in completing their education. Hence, it is imperative for educators to comprehend the influence the extended meaning of place, space and relationships have on young people’s opportunities to succeed in completing school.

A Psychodynamic Perspective on Identity as Fabrication

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-184
Author(s):  
Gianpiero Petriglieri
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Work Groups ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
And Function

This chapter reviews psychodynamic perspectives on the emergence and function of individuals’ identities. It draws on traditional psychodynamic theories, which focus on identifications with early caregivers, and systems psychodynamic ones, which focus on work groups and organizations, to put forward the idea of identity as a fabrication. That is, a process of positioning the self in (existential) time and (social) space in ways that fulfil its longings, sustain its beliefs, and bolsters its relations. The chapter argues that a psychodynamic lens can enrich other perspectives on identity, and concludes with some suggestions for future research.

Cognitive verbs in context

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Fetzer ◽  
Marjut Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Argumentative Discourse ◽  
British English ◽  
The Status ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Cognitive Verbs ◽  
And Function ◽  
Discourse Connectives

This paper examines the frequency, distribution and function of 1st person self-references with the cognitive verbs think and believe, and penser and croire in British English and French argumentative discourse comprising 29 British political interviews (178,712 words) and 26 French political interviews (118,825 words). It employs quantity-based methodology supplemented by insights from a context-dependent qualitative analysis, considering explicitly the co-occurrence of these cognitive verbs with discourse connectives. It argues for these 1st person self-references to be assigned not only a subjectivising function, but also one of expressing intersubjectivity. In the two sets of data, the parenthetical constructions signify that the status of a particular piece of information encoded in a proposition is open for negotiation. Depending on their co-occurrences with discourse connectives they may boost or attenuate the pragmatic force of the contribution which they qualify.

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