THE MORALISATION OF PREDICTIVITY IN THE AGE OF DATA-DRIVEN SURVEILLANCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-ha Hong
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Many ◽  
Machine Readable

This paper argues that emerging technologies of datafication are intensifying a moralisation of predictivity. On one hand, this describes the growing pressure to quantify and predict every kind of social problem. Reluctance to adopt emerging technologies of surveillance is construed as abdication of a moral responsibility via negligence to inevitable progress. On the other hand, it describes the corresponding demand that human subjects learn to live in more predictable and machine-readable ways, adapting to the flaws and ambiguities of imperfect technosystems. This argument echoes that of Joseph Weizenbaum (1976), a pioneer of early AI research and the inventor of the ELIZA chatbot: that well in advance of machines fully made in our image, it is the human subjects that are asked to render themselves more compatible and legible to those machines. Drawing from a book-length research project into the public presentation of surveillance technologies, I show how messy data, arbitrary classifications, and other uncertainties become fabricated into the status of reliable predictions. Specifically, the bulk of the presentation will examine the rapid expansion of counter-terrorist surveillance systems in 2010’s America. All in all, the moralisation of predictivity helps suture the many imperfections of data-driven surveillance, and provide justificatory cover for their breakneck expansion across the boundaries of public and private. They perpetuate the normative expectation that what can be predicted must be, and what needs to be predicted surely can be. In the process, spaces for human discretion, informal norms, and sensitivity to human circumstance are being squeezed out.

Women Practicing Anthropology: Perspectives Across the Discipline

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Carole Browner
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
American Anthropological Association ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

The articles in this special issue of Practicing Anthropology grew out of a symposium on "Women Anthropologists in the Public and Private Sectors: Opportunities for Non-Academic Career Advancement" sponsored by the Committee on the Status of Women (COSWA) at the 1981 Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association. As organizers of the panel, Donald Lindburg and I sought participants from each subfield of anthropology working in both the public and private sectors. In the first regard we were successful, with presentations by social, linguistic and physical anthropologists and two archeologists. In the second regard we were less successful, with four of the five panelists—Sibley, Wynn, Wildesen, and Brockman—employed by private concerns.

Public policies of connectivity in Latin America in the context of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-136
Author(s):  
Bernadette Califano ◽  
Martín Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
Telecommunications Policies ◽  
Latin American Countries

This article analyses the digital policies introduced in different Latin American countries during the first three months after the outbreak of COVID-19 reached the region (March–June 2020). This analysis has a three-fold objective: (a) to give an overview of the status of connectivity in five big Latin American countries – Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico; (b) to study comparatively the actions and regulations implemented on connectivity matters by the governments of each country to face the pandemic; and (c) to provide insights in relation with telecommunications policies in the context of pandemic emergence at a regional level. To that end, this study will consider legal regulations and specific public policies in this field, official documents from the public and private sectors, and statistics on ICT access and usage in the region.

Bahraini Women Engineers

2018 ◽  
pp. 1581-1604
Author(s):  
Adel Ismail Al-Alawi ◽  
Shurooq Husamaddin ◽  
Fatema Khaled Mejeran ◽  
Fatema Kadhem Madan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Women Engineers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the current situation of women engineers in the Kingdom of Bahrain in the public and private sectors, discussing some factors that affect women's access to leading positions, and looking for ways to increase the status of Bahraini women leading in this sector, which will consequently contribute to reinforcing their role in this extremely important sector. The research is approached through a quantitative and qualitative study conducted in the public and private engineering field. Two forms of questionnaires, printed and electronic, were distributed among 120 women engineers; responses were received from 57 of them. In general, the results show that although engineering women are very successful in their career and are effectively contributing to the engineering sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain, many issues need to be addressed in order to support them in reaching higher leading positions.

Perceived Reasonableness of Employment Testing Accommodations for Persons with Disabilities

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget A. Styers ◽  
Kenneth S. Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Testing Accommodations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Attitudinal Barriers ◽  
Employment Testing ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
The Status

Laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), as well as subsequent legal sanctions, appear to have had limited success in substantially increasing the number of persons with disabilities within the employment context. Therefore, it is critical that a better understanding be developed of both the physical and attitudinal barriers persons with disabilities face with regard to gaining such employment. The present study was conducted to examine how the origin of an applicant's disability, the status of the job being applied for, and the level of test accommodation to be provided influenced perceptions of what was a reasonable pre-employment testing accommodation. Human resources testing professionals from both the public and private sectors rated how reasonable they perceived a variety of testing accommodations to be. The results reveal that origin of disability, job status, and level of accommodation all affected how reasonable a given testing accommodation was perceived to be and that there was significant interaction effects for all three factors. The results of this study also support Stone and Colella's model of the complex nature of workers' reactions to individuals with disabilities in organizations. The implications of the study, as well as needs for future research, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Potential Applications of Emerging Technologies in Disease Surveillance

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Huang ◽  
Wayne Loschen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Health Field

ObjectiveThe objective of this presentation is to explore emerging technologies and how they will impact the public health field. New technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) will likely be incorporated into epidemiological methods and processes. This presentation will provide an overview of these technologies and focus on how they may impact public health surveillance in the future.IntroductionWith the increase in the amount of public health data along with the growth of public health informatics, it is important for epidemiologists to understand the current trends in technology and the impact they may have in the field. Because it is unfeasible for public health professionals to be an expert in every emerging technology, this presentation seeks to provide them with a better understanding of how emerging technologies may impact the field and the level of expertise required to realize benefits from the new technologies. Furthermore, understanding the capabilities provided by emerging technologies may guide future training and continuing education for public health professionals.MethodsAnalysis of current capabilities and potential advances in emerging technologies such as blockchain, AI, and IoT were performed by reviewing articles and whitepapers. In addition to a literature review, interviews will be performed with public health experts to determine how the emerging technologies align with current practices and the extent to which they may solve existing public health surveillance challenges.ResultsThe literature review revealed many emerging technologies and potential applications in the public health field, including:BlockchainBlockchains can serve as electronic health information exchanges that hold the metadata and access information for patient electronic health records (EHRs).1 These systems can ensure data privacy protections while also facilitate relevant data sharing from EHRs to disease surveillance systems. Furthermore, blockchain technology can be used in food supply chain management systems. During food contamination events, epidemiologists can trace through the blockchain to identify possible sources of the contamination.2AIAI can be used to improve the prediction and detection capabilities of disease surveillance systems. Machine learning algorithms can reveal patterns in the data and enable faster anomaly detection. Furthermore, machine learning models can be trained on data to create predictive models.IoTUrban IoT systems can monitor environmental indices including water and air quality, energy consumption, waste management, and traffic congestion in smart cities.3 The data collected from such systems can be incorporated into more comprehensive disease surveillance systems and assist epidemiologists in better understanding populations and environmental risk factors.We will analyze and discuss such prospective applications with public health professionals to determine their potential impact on public health processes and practices in the next one, five, and ten years.ConclusionsBlockchain, AI, IoT and other emerging technologies have applications in public health surveillance and impact the field to varying degrees. In addition to technological advances, there will be barriers to adoption that must be overcome before the value provided by the technologies can be realized. Many new technologies will require significant collaboration between public health departments, healthcare providers, and other partners to successfully incorporate the technologies into epidemiological processes. These collaborations include forming consortiums to exchange data in a blockchain and working with IoT providers for data access. Some technologies will require public health professionals to obtain additional training before they can take full advantage of the capabilities provided, while other technologies may be implemented by external partners allowing epidemiologists to utilize the new capabilities without the need to completely understand the underlying concepts. As emerging technologies are introduced into the public health field, a strong understanding of their capabilities and suitable applications will allow public health professionals to fully capture the benefits provided by the new technologies.References1. Ekblaw A, Azaria A, Halamka JD, Lippman A. A Case Study for Blockchain in Healthcare:“MedRec” prototype for electronic health records and medical research data. InProceedings of IEEE open & big data conference 2016 Aug 22 (Vol. 13, p. 13).2. Yiannas F. A New Era of Food Transparency Powered by Blockchain. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization. 2018 Jul;12(1-2):46-56.3. Zanella A, Bui N, Castellani A, Vangelista L, Zorzi M. Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2014 Feb 14;1(1):22-32.

scholarly journals The Degree of Applying Accountability Principles in Public & Private Universities in Jordan: A Comparative Study BetweenYarmouk University and Jerash University

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Ahmed Malkawi ◽  
Kamil Al-Otoum
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
The Status ◽  
Yarmouk University ◽  
The University

The study aimed to identify the status of applying the principles of accountability in the public and private universities in Jordan. This was done by comparing between Yarmouk University and Jerash University from the perspective of the employees. The study sample consisted of 250 faculty members and one administrator at Yarmouk University and Jerash University. The questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The study reached several conclusions, most notably of which include the presence of statistically significant differences in the reality of applying the accountability principles at universities in general, and in the administrative, and academic fields. This, however, is dependent on the variable of the university in favor of Jerash University. The study concluded on a number of recommendations most important of which is the necessity of activating the accountability mechanisms and tools in three areas: administrative, and academic areas of public universities in a higher degree. It also includes a commitment with unified criteria of accountability to ensure the maintenance of an acceptable level of justice and transparency.

scholarly journals A new model for identifying emerging technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie F. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
New Model ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
The Status ◽  
Search Speed ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Today, the complexity of so many emerging technologies requires anunderstanding of adjacent technologies often originating from multiple industries. Technology sequence analysis has been used by organizations, governments and industries to help make sense of the many variables impacting the evolution of technologies. This technique relies heavily on the input of experts who can offer perspectives on the status of current technologieswhile also highlighting the potential opportunities in the future. However, the volume and speed at which scientific research is accelerating is making it nearly impossible for even the most knowledgeable expert to stay current with research in their own industries. Today however, the use of big data search tools can help identify emerging trends around disruptive technologieswell before many of the experts have fully grasped the impact of these technologies. Despite the fear of many in the intelligence community that these tools will make their jobs obsolete, we expect that the value of the intelligence expert will increase given their unique knowledge of relevant data sources and how to connect the data in meaningful ways to derive value for the firm. We propose a new forecasting model that incorporates a combination of technologysequencing analysis and big data tools within the organization while also leveraging experts from across the open innovation spectrum. This new model, informed by current client engagements, has the potential to create significant competitive advantages for organizations as they benefit from expanded search breadth, search depth and search speed all while leveraging a range of internal and external experts to make sense of the rapidly changingtechnological landscape confronting their environment.

Bahraini Women Engineers

2018 ◽  
pp. 178-208
Author(s):  
Adel Ismail Al-Alawi ◽  
Shurooq Husamaddin ◽  
Fatema Khaled Mejeran ◽  
Fatema Kadhem Madan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Women Engineers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the current situation of women engineers in the Kingdom of Bahrain in the public and private sectors, discussing some factors that affect women's access to leading positions, and looking for ways to increase the status of Bahraini women leading in this sector, which will consequently contribute to reinforcing their role in this extremely important sector. The research is approached through a quantitative and qualitative study conducted in the public and private engineering field. Two forms of questionnaires, printed and electronic, were distributed among 120 women engineers; responses were received from 57 of them. In general, the results show that although engineering women are very successful in their career and are effectively contributing to the engineering sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain, many issues need to be addressed in order to support them in reaching higher leading positions.

De fractieleider : Knelpunt of knooppunt in het parlementair gebeuren ?

Res Publica ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-147
Author(s):  
Herman De Croo
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Vice Presidents ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual

The author describes the recent changes of rules and proceedings in the House of Representatives, later on in the Senate and finally in both the new «cultural Assemblees», concerning the existence, the functioning and the importance of parliamentary groups and their leaders.Assimilated to the status of Vice-presidents of their Assembly, the parliamentary leaders are in charge of many responsabilities and more attention is given to the parliamentary group as such rather than to the individual members. Seating the members in the House, allocating to their «mandated» members speaking time in important debates, replacing members of their group in the specialized committees, preparing with the Speaker the public debates, taking full responsability for the material aid provided to their group and their members (secretarial help, technical assistance in the committee stage and money supply for research) the many tasks of the parliamentary leaders in the organization of parliamentary work are increasing.Their political functions are much more important. Usually the parliamentary leader sits in the top policy making organs of his party, very often he has had governmental experience and, as a floor leader, intervenes in the important debates.Even if essential differences can be observed between political parties (more freedom of action for the liberals and christian-democrats as a parliamentary group, less for the socialists and the communists) the leader in the Parliament plays an important role as the link between political parties and parliament.

The Mandwa Project: An Experiment in Community Participation

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshir H. Antia
Keyword(s):  
Political Factors ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The People ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
The Status

The project at Mandwa was designed to study the problems of health in rural India and the delivery of health care by the existing public and private health systems. The results demonstrate the important role of socioeconomic and political factors not only in vital areas such as nutrition, water supply, sanitation, and housing, but also in the delivery of health services. The private sector showed a predominantly curative and monetary orientation, while the public sector demonstrated a lack of accountability to the people it was designed to serve. Under these conditions, an attempt was made to test the possibility of training local women in self-help with a minimal supportive service. The results reveal that adequate knowledge and technology exist for most of the prevalent problems of health and illness in developing countries, and that semiliterate villagers have the capacity to use these effectively if they are provided in a simple manner. This experiment also demonstrates the opposition from local vested interests to any change of the status quo, even in the relatively noncontroversial field of health.

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