scholarly journals Surveillance of Human Papilloma Virus Using Reference Laboratory Data for the Purpose of Evaluating Vaccine Impact

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wilson ◽  
Ryan J Welch ◽  
Mia Hashibe ◽  
Jessica Greenwood ◽  
Brian Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
The Impact

Nationwide positivity rates of high-risk human papillomavirus for the United States before and since the introduction of a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in 2006 would provide insight into the population impact of HPV vaccination.  Data for high-risk HPV testing results from January 1, 2004 to June 1, 2013 at a national reference laboratory were retrospectively analyzed to produce 757,761 patient records of women between the ages of 14 and 59. Generalized linear models and finite mixture models were utilized to eliminate sources of bias and establish a population undergoing standard gynecological screening. Unadjusted positivity rates for high-risk HPV were 27.2% for all age groups combined.  Highest rates occurred in women aged 14 to 19.  While the positivity rates decreased for all age groups from 2004 to 2013, the higher age categories showed less downward trend following vaccine introduction, and the two age categories 20 to 24 and 25 to 29 showed a significantly different downward trend between pre- and post-vaccine time periods (-0.1% per year to -1.5% per year, and 0.4 % per year to -1.5% per year, respectively).  All other age groups had rates of change that became less negative, indicating a slower rate of decline.In evaluating the surveillance tool, we find that it is important to consider many sources of heterogeneity, e.g., age, type of test, location, and type of testing center, and also consider quantitative methods of adjustment and distribution assessment to construct a useful surveillance tool.  Further studies should expand on this methodology.The results of the surveillance tool indicate a downward trend in vaccine-appropriate age groups consistent with uptake of the HPV vaccine. The pre-post rate changes were in direct contrast between the age-appropriate groups and the groups too old for the HPV vaccine, further indicating the surveillance tool may be detecting the impact of the HPV vaccine over time. After refinement, this surveillance tool should remain in place to observe the future impact of the HPV vaccine. 

scholarly journals Dynamics of High-Risk Nonvaccine Human Papillomavirus Types after Actual Vaccination Scheme

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Peralta ◽  
Cruz Vargas-De-León ◽  
Augusto Cabrera ◽  
Pedro Miramontes
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Vaccination Scheme ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
The Impact

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as the main etiological factor in the developing of cervical cancer (CC). This finding has propitiated the development of vaccines that help to prevent the HPVs 16 and 18 infection. Both genotypes are associated with 70% of CC worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to determine the emergence of high-risk nonvaccine HPV after actual vaccination scheme to estimate the impact of the current HPV vaccines. A SIR-type model was used to study the HPV dynamics after vaccination. According to the results, our model indicates that the application of the vaccine reduces infection by target or vaccine genotypes as expected. However, numerical simulations of the model suggest the presence of the phenomenon called vaccine—induced pathogen strain replacement. Here, we report the following replacement mechanism: if the effectiveness of cross-protective immunity is not larger than the effectiveness of the vaccine, then the high-risk nonvaccine genotypes emerge. In this scenario, further studies of infection dispersion by HPV are necessary to ascertain the real impact of the current vaccines, primarily because of the different high-risk HPV types that are found in CC.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Incidence, and Clearance of Human Papillomavirus Types Covered by Current Vaccines in Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the SUN Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragna Patel ◽  
Tim Bush ◽  
Lois Conley ◽  
Elizabeth R Unger ◽  
Teresa M Darragh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vaccine Impact ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background High-risk anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is prevalent among men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); the association between 9-valent (9v) high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) vaccine types and abnormal cytology has not been well characterized. Methods We followed a prospective cohort study of persons with HIV at 7 HIV clinics in 4 US cities from March 2004 through June 2012. Annually, providers collected separate anal swabs for HPV detection and cytopathologic examination. Among men, we examined prevalence, incidence, and clearance of 9v HR-HPV vaccine types, compared with other HR types, and associations with abnormal cytology to assess potential vaccine impact. Results Baseline prevalence of any anal 9v HR-HPV type among men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with women (MSW) was 74% and 25% (P < .001), respectively. Among 299 MSM, abnormal cytology was detected in 161 (54%) MSM and was associated with the presence of any 9v HR-HPV (relative risk [RR], 1.8 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3–2.6]; P < .001). Among 61 MSW, abnormal anal cytology was detected in 12 (20%) and was associated with the presence of any 9v HR-HPV (RR, 4.3 [95% CI, 1.6–11.5]; P < .001). Conclusions Among men with HIV, the prevalence of the 7 HR-HPV types in the 9v vaccine was high and was associated with abnormal cytology. These findings indicate that men with HIV could benefit from prophylactic administration of the 9v HPV vaccine.

scholarly journals Cross-protection of the Bivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Against Variants of Genetically Related High-Risk HPV Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 213 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana Harari ◽  
Zigui Chen ◽  
Ana Cecilia Rodríguez ◽  
Allan Hildesheim ◽  
Carolina Porras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Human Papillomavirus and Pap Smear

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Indra Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Pap Smear Screening ◽  
High Risk Hpv

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and viral persistence is a major risk factor in the development of squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive carcinoma of the cervix. In the United States, deaths due to squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix have fallen by 75% since the 1960s because of Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening. However, the traditional Pap had a sensitivity of about 70% for detecting clinically significant precancerous lesions and cancer because of sampling and interpretive errors. The introduction of 2 liquid-based Pap smear collection systems in the 1990s, the use of HPV testing as a triage and co-testing with Pap smear, and the introduction of 2 automated screening devices have had a significant impact on improving the detection of such precancerous lesions. This review provides an analysis of the changes in Pap smear collection, improvements in screening, the evolutionary changes of high-risk HPV testing, reporting terminology of Pap smears, and clinical management guidelines. The future impact of 2 prophylactic HPV vaccines on the incidence of cervical carcinoma is also discussed. This article also discusses alternatives such as primary screening for high-risk HPV testing with visual inspection for cervical cancer detection used in resource-poor settings with a high incidence of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals 1528. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Intra-Epithelial Lesions in A Subset of Arab American Women in Southeast Michigan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S765-S765
Author(s):  
Anita Shallal ◽  
Joseph Trak ◽  
Saivaishnavi Kamatham ◽  
Omar Fehmi ◽  
Sarah Farooqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab American ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
American Women ◽  
Arab American Women ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background The Pap smear is a screening examination that detects abnormal cervical cells and may be paired with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in order to detect high-risk, oncogenic HPV strains. The incidence of cervical cancer varies among groups due to racial and ethnic disparities, and 80% of cases occur in developing countries. Mortality rates for cervical cancer in the Middle East are disproportionately higher when compared to developed countries. Our study aims to assess the prevalence of HPV and cervical cancer among a subset of Arab-American women in southeast Michigan. Methods The study is a retrospective chart review of women who presented for routine cancer screening as part of the Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Program (BCCCP), at the Arab-American Center for Economic and Social Services Clinic in southeast Michigan between 2003-2019. Paper charts were reviewed for information such as age, date of birth, monthly income, tobacco use, cervix-related gynecological examination performance, cervical cytology results, and HPV testing results. Women between the ages of 21 and 65 were included. In instances where cytology was performed, results and details of high-risk HPV testing were documented. In instances where high-risk HPV testing was performed, negative results were documented as such, and positive results were documented as either positive for HPV 16, 18, or other high-risk strains, or unknown if serotype testing was not available. Results A total of 464 charts from the BCCCP program were reviewed. All women included were uninsured and had immigrated from Middle Eastern countries, including Yemen and Lebanon. The average age of the women was 48.3 years. Of 464 women, 6% (n=28) of women declined to have a Pap smear. 85 women reported they had never had a Pap smear. Of the 436 women who did undergo Pap smear, 42 women (9.6%) had an abnormal pap smear. The remaining results are summarized in Table 1. Table 1 Conclusion Our study results show a trend toward HPV serotype 16 and other serotypes compared to HPV serotype 18 in Arab-American women who recently immigrated to the United States. However, this needs to be studied on a larger cohort of patients to determine if these serotypes are more common among this ethnicity compared to the general population. Disclosures Marcus Zervos, MD, Melinta Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)

scholarly journals 2013 Trends in anogenital warts incidence: Potential impact of human papillomavirus vaccination, TennCare 2006–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Jaimie Z. Shing ◽  
Marie Griffin ◽  
Manideepthi Pemmaraju ◽  
Edward Mitchel ◽  
Pamela Hull
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Specific Procedure ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Herd Protection ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: We aimed to assess trends in incidence of genital warts across human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine-eligible and nonvaccine-eligible age groups to determine the impact of the HPV vaccine among Medicaid enrollees in the state of Tennessee. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We analyzed 2006–2014 medical and pharmaceutical claims data from TennCare (Tennessee’s Medicaid program) enrollees aged 15–64 years. Incident cases of genital warts were defined as persons 12 months disease free and: (1) a diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum, or (2) a diagnosis of viral warts and genital-specific procedure, or (3) a prescription for genital warts medication and genital-specific procedure. Mann-Kendall trend tests were performed to assess for significant trends in incidence of genital warts by sex and age group; average annual percent changes were calculated to quantify these trends. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Our analysis is in progress. We hypothesize that we will observe declines in genital warts among younger, vaccine-eligible age groups and no changes in older, nonvaccine-eligible age groups, with largest declines among females aged 15–19 years from 2006 to 2014. We also expect to see declines among younger males due to herd protection, with greater declines after 2011, when the vaccine was approved for males. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Significant declines among younger compared with older age groups would suggest HPV vaccine effectiveness for preventing genital warts.

P–071 Human Papillomavirus Infection and impact on men fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Madzunkov ◽  
K Madjunkova
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Study question Is there any correlation between men infertility and HPV infection and its impairment on sperm quality? Summary answer There is a significantly higher prevalence of high-risk HPV in infertile men than fertile men. HPV infection does not impair sperm quality. What is known already Many factors may cause the infertility in males and females. Human papillomavirus are the most frequently sexually transmitted DNA viruses and etiological agents of cervical cancers. There is association between HPV infection in females and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion and spontaneous preterm delivery. Previous studies have reported the detection of HPV DNA in semen and in different sites of the male reproductive tract, such as glans penis and scrotum. Recent reports suggested that HPV may affect sperm parameters and lead to male infertility. The impact of HPV infection upon male fertility abnormality has received far less attention. Study design, size, duration In this study case control study we examined 38 fertile and 36 men from infertle couples. Participants/materials, setting, methods we examined the swabs of the entire penile surface and semen samples for HPV detection and genotyping from 38 fertile men and 36 from men from infertile couples.HPV were detected with PCR method. Sperm was also examined for its motility, sperm quantity and morphology . Main results and the role of chance Among 36 confirmed infertile males, only 8 (22.22%) cases were tested positive for HPV of semen samples and 2 among fertile men were HPV-positive (5.26%) of semen samples. Among infertile males 14 (38.88%) had HPV positive penile swabs, and only 1 (2,63%) had positive HPV swab among fertile men. The most prevalent HPV types in the male external genitalia were HPV–16. The most prevalent HPV types in semen were HPV–53. This data revealed a significant association between high-risk HPV and male infertility (P = 0.03). Sperm quality (morphology and motility) did not differ significantly between men with seminal HPV infection and uninfected men. Limitations, reasons for caution There were some limitations in the study such as differences in age. sample sizes and the number of HPV genotypes detected. Wider implications of the findings: We need larger studies and more further investigations to confirm the impact of HPV on male infertility. Trial registration number 2

scholarly journals High prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes other than 16 and 18 in cervical cancers of Curaçao: implications for choice of prophylactic HPV vaccine

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree J Hooi ◽  
Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte ◽  
Maurits N C de Koning ◽  
Herbert M Pinedo ◽  
Gemma G Kenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Cervical Cancers ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Dna Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
High Risk Hpv

BackgroundCuraçao is a Dutch-Caribbean Island located in a high-risk area for cervical cancer.Prior to introduction of a prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, knowledge of the prevalence of high-risk HPV vaccine genotypes (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58) in cervical (pre)cancer is required.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of HPV genotypes in invasive cervical cancers (ICC) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1, 2 and 3 in Curaçao.MethodsParaffin-embedded blocks of 104 cervical cancers (89 squamous, 15 adenocarcinoma), 41 CIN3, 39 CIN2 and 40 CIN1 lesions were analysed for the presence of HPV. Sections were stained by H&E for histopathological evaluation, and DNA was extracted using proteinase K. HPV genotypes were detected using Short PCR Fragment (SPF10) PCR DNA enzyme immunoassay and a Line Probe Assay (LiPA25) .ResultsHPV was found in 92 (88.5%) ICC; 87 (94.6%) had a single HPV infection and 86 (93.5%) were high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-type positive.The three most common HPV types in ICC were 16 (38.5%), 18 (13.5%) and 45 (6.7%), covering 58.7%.HrHPV vaccine genotypes 16, 18, 31, 35, 45, 52 and 58 were responsible for 73.1% of ICC. For precancerous lesions, the HPV attribution was 85.4% for CIN3, 66.7% for CIN2% and 42.5% for CIN1.ConclusionsOur study, the largest in the Caribbean region in (pre)cancer, shows that the prevalence of HPV-type 16 and 18 in cervical cancer is lower compared with the world population but no differences in prevalence of these two HPV types are seen in precancerous lesions.When considering HPV vaccination in Curaçao, the relatively high contribution of non-HPV 16/18 genotypes in ICC should be taken into account.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in women in Lomé, Togo

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akouélé P. Kuassi-Kpede ◽  
Essolakina Dolou ◽  
Théodora M. Zohoncon ◽  
Ina Marie Angèle Traore ◽  
Gnatoulma Katawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Precancerous Cervical Lesions ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The causative agent of cervical cancer referred to as Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a real public health problem. Many countries in West Africa, such as Togo have no data on the high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and genotypes distribution. In order to fill the knowledge gap in the field in Togo, the main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pre-cancerous lesions of the cervix and HR-HPV genotypes among Togolese women. Methods Samples were collected from 240 women by introducing a swab in the cervix. Then, the screening of precancerous cervical lesions using the visual inspection with acetic acid and lugol (VIA / VIL) was conducted. The HR-HPV genotypes were characterised by real-time multiplex PCR. Results Out of 240 women recruited, 128 (53.3%) were infected by HR-HPV. The most common genotypes were HPV 56 (22.7%), followed by HPV 51 (20.3%), HPV 31 (19.5%), HPV 52 (18.8%) and HPV 35 (17.2%). The least common genotypes were HPV 33 (2.3%) and HPV 16 (2.3%). Among the women, 1.3% (3/240) were positive to VIA/VIL. Conclusion This study allowed HR-HPV genotypes to be characterised for the first time in Lomé, Togo. This will help in mapping the HR-HPV genotypes in West Africa.

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