scholarly journals Are long-distance dispersal syndromes associated with the conservation status of plant species? The Canary Islands as a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Coello ◽  
María Leo ◽  
Yurena Arjona ◽  
Pablo Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dispersal Syndromes

scholarly journals Long-distance dispersal syndromes matter: diaspore-trait effect on shaping plant distribution across the Canary Islands

Ecography ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurena Arjona ◽  
Manuel Nogales ◽  
Ruben Heleno ◽  
Pablo Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dispersal Syndromes

scholarly journals Trade of commercial potting substrates: A largely overlooked means of the long-distance dispersal of plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Sonkoly ◽  
Attila Takács ◽  
Attila Molnár V. ◽  
Péter Török
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Viable Seeds

AbstractAlthough long-distance dispersal (LDD) events are considered to be rare and highly stochastic, they are disproportionately important and drive several large-scale ecological processes. The realisation of the disproportionate importance of LDD has led to an upsurge in studies of this phenomenon; yet, we still have a very limited understanding of its frequency, extent and consequences. Humanity intentionally spreads a high number of species, but a less obvious issue is that it is associated with the accidental dispersal of other plant species. Although the global trade of potted plants and horticultural substrates is capable of dispersing large quantities of propagules, this issue has hardly been studied from an ecological point of view. We used the seedling emergence method to assess the viable seed content of different types of commercial potting substrates to answer the following questions: (i) In what richness and density do substrates contain viable seeds? (ii) Does the composition of substrates influence their viable seed content? and (iii) Are there common characteristics of the species dispersed this way? We detected altogether 438 seedlings of 66 taxa and found that 1 litre of potting substrate contains an average of 13.27 seeds of 6.24 species, so an average 20-litre bag of substrate contains 265 viable seeds. There was a high variability in the seed content of the substrates, as substrates containing cattle manure contained a substantially higher number of species and seeds than substrates without manure. Based on this, this pathway of LDD is an interplay between endozoochory by grazing livestock and accidental human-vectored dispersal, implying that the diet preference of grazing animals largely determines the ability of a plant species to be dispersed this way. According to our results, potting substrates can disperse large quantities of seeds of a wide range of plant species, moreover, these dispersal events occur on very long distances in almost all cases. We conclude that this kind of human-vectored LDD may have complex effects on plant populations and communities; however, as this dispersal pathway is largely understudied and has hardly been considered as a type of LDD, its consequences are still largely unknown and further studies of the issue are of great importance.

scholarly journals Costs and benefits of non-random seed release for long-distance dispersal in wind-dispersed plant species

Oikos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (9) ◽  
pp. 1330-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle Treep ◽  
Monique de Jager ◽  
Leandra S. Kuiper ◽  
Tomer Duman ◽  
Gabriel G. Katul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals The diversification of Pterocarpus (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) was influenced by biome-switching and infrequent long-distance dispersal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan J Schley ◽  
Qin Ming ◽  
Mohammad Vatanparast ◽  
Panagotia Malakasi ◽  
Manuel de la Estrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Forest ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dispersal Syndromes ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Fruit Dispersal

Aim: Phenotypes which evolved for dispersal over ecological timescales may lead to significant macroevolutionary consequences, such as infrequent long-distance dispersal and diversification in novel environments. We aimed to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of Pterocarpus (Leguminosae/ Fabaceae) to assess whether seed dispersal phenotypes help to explain the current biogeographical patterns of this group. Location: Pantropical. Taxon: The Pterocarpus clade, particularly Pterocarpus (Leguminosae/Fabaceae). Methods: We sequenced ~300 nuclear loci captured using Angiosperms-353, a genomic 'bait set' for flowering plants, from which we generated a time-calibrated phylogenomic tree. To corroborate this, we also generated a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree from data-mined Sanger-sequencing data. We then collated distribution data and fruit dispersal morphology traits to compare trait-dependent and trait-independent biogeographical models, allowing us to assess whether dispersal traits influenced the spatio-temporal evolution of Pterocarpus. Finally, using the results of these model tests, we estimated the ancestral ranges and biomes of Pterocarpus species to better understand their biogeographical history. Results: We recovered well-supported phylogenetic relationships within Pterocarpus, within which there were two subclades - one Neotropical and the other Palaeotropical. Our divergence date estimates suggested that Pterocarpus largely diversified from around 12 Ma, during the Miocene. Trait-dependent biogeographical models were rejected for both range and biome evolution within Pterocarpus, but models parameterising dispersal were supported. Pterocarpus largely diversified in the Neotropics, followed by dispersal and diversification into Africa and Asia, with later dispersal into Australasia/Oceania. The neotropical subclade of Pterocarpus underwent multiple biome switches between moist forest and dry forest, while in palaeotropical Pterocarpus we reconstructed multiple switches between moist forest and grassland. Main conclusions: Overall, our analyses suggest that Pterocarpus underwent infrequent cross-continental dispersal and adaptation to novel biomes. While this was minimally impacted by fruit dispersal syndromes, shifts between moist and arid environments precipitated by long-distance dispersal and environmental change have played an important role in diversification within Pterocarpus since the Miocene.

scholarly journals Distribution of Ipomoea violacea (Convolvulaceae): patterns, gaps and reports for its occurrence in Brazil and West Tropical Africa

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Alencar ◽  
George Staples ◽  
Andrew Budden
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Local Distribution ◽  
Chance Discovery ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
West Tropical Africa ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract In 2015 a chance discovery of the beach moon flower in coastal Brazil led to an investigation of the global occurrence, distribution, and abundance of this pantropical littoral plant species. We here document new distribution records for coastal Brazil and West Tropical Africa; postulate a human-mediated long-distance dispersal for this species from the Indo-Pacific to the Atlantic, followed by local distribution via ocean currents; and provide historical context on the name confusion with other species. We also point out the risks inherent in using specimen information available on the internet without adequate verification for the identity of the specimens as a necessary first step.

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