scholarly journals The House/Palace in Annunciations of the 15th Century

Eikon / Imago ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 391-406
Author(s):  
José María Salvador-González
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Methodological Strategy

This article seeks to highlight the doctrinal meanings enclosed in the representation of the house of Mary in the form of a palace or an aristocratic residence in seven images of the Annunciation of the 15th century. To justify our iconographic interpretations in this sense, we based on the analysis of many exegetical comments with which many Latin Fathers and theologians interpreted several metaphorical expressions with dogmatic projection, such as domus Sapientiae, domus Dei, aula regia, palatium Regis, domicilium Trinitatis, and other analogous terms. As a methodological strategy, we use here a double comparative analysis: in the first instance, analyzing a series of patristic and theological texts that exegetically interpret the metaphors above; secondly, relating these exegetical texts with the eight Annunciations explained here.

scholarly journals CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGES OF THE THIRD QUARTER OF THE 15th CENTURY FROM THE FUNA CASTLE: UTENSILS OF THE «GARRISON KITCHEN»

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-67
Author(s):  
I. B. Teslenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Ceramic Assemblages

The Funa fortress is located in southern Crimea and is one of the reference architectural and archaeological complexes of the Northern Pontic Region with precise date of existence. The fortress was built by Mangup authorities near 1423 on the border with possessions of Genoese and was destroyed in a fire during the Turkish invasion of the Crimea in 1475. The detailed chronology of the site which includes three stages of its construction history — 1423, 1425—1450s and 1459—1475, has been developed so far. So it becomes possible to clarify the dating of ceramic finds in line with these periods also. Ceramic assemblages of the last stage from the layers of fire and destruction of 1475 are the most representative. There is the complex from courtyard 1 among them. The ceramic collection includes 101 and 163 fully or partially reconstructed vessels respectively. There are large and average household containers, various kitchen utensils and tableware, both of the local Crimean production and import (Miletus Ware, Spanish Luster and Blue and White Ware, Fritware). The comparative analysis of artefacts made it possible to establish the chronological changes in ceramic assemblages during 25 years. Moreover, statistical and typological studies of the pottery from the layer of fire demonstrated a set of vessels there is suitable for cooking and table setting for at least 40 people. Large number of luxury tableware for diverse using and their location in the context allow suggest that there was a large feast on the platform above the «kitchen», and the remains of this banquet were not removed. According to the archaeological evidence as well as analysis of historical events the inhabitants of the fortress could burn it themselves before Turkish invasion and retreat to the capital of the principality at Mangup. Perhaps the remains of a farewell feast arranged just before leaving was fixed archaeologically.

scholarly journals Wall paintings from the late 15th century in the Monastery church of St. Paraskeve - Brajcino

2007 ◽  
pp. 549-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorija Popovska-Korobar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
The West ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Lake Prespa ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Last Judgment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church

The Monastery of St. Paraskevy is located above the village Brajcino, on the east shore of Lake Prespa in the Republic of Macedonia. In accordance with the incomplete donor?s inscription this one aisle church with a pitched roof was built and decorated at the same time. Reparations came around 1800, when rebuilding was done on the longitudinal walls and the narthex (without fresco decoration). The fresco paintings from the 15th century are preserved on the west facade, and on the east and west wall of the naos. The decorative program in the interior was common for the small type monastery churches without narthex. From the old edifice, on the corner of the outside southwest wall visible are remains of figures, a monk and a man in laymen?s attire facing eastward. The iconographic program of the west facade is interesting for the scenes which encompass the patrons niche: a reduced Last Judgment (Royal Deesis, Hell and Paradise, where the monk Pahomios above the gate is depicted in prayer) and the equestrian figures of St. George and St. Mena. A parallel for the rare iconography of St. Mena with the tamed beasts is found in an unpublished icon, which most probably was painted in the last quarter of the 15th century, and is kept presently on the iconostasis of the church of Panagia tou Apostolaki in Kastoria. In accordance with all the considered characteristics by means of comparative analysis, we assume that the anonymous master could be an individual who belonged to the painting workshops which are credited for painting the church of St. Nicholas of the nun Eupraxia in Kastoria. We suppose the painter worked in Brajcino soon after the year 1486 and before 1493, when the decoration of the church in Kremikovci was completed, in which he most likely took part as a member of another large workshop. Regarding the question about the origins of the style of the 'master from the 1480?s', the paper articulates an opinion that they should be traced not only in the long painting traditions of Kastoria and Ohrid, but also in the collaboration of the masters and the spread of their works in these two important centers of the Ohrid Archbishopric.

Digital determination: can information technology become meaningful?

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gennadievna Leshkevich
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Shadow ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Methodological Strategy

The article analyzes the impact of digital determination and its effects. The author poses a problem - can digital technologies become meaningful? The main goal of the article is aimed at analyzing digital determination in the context of the prospects for its meaningfulness. The article shows the deformations caused by digital determination, offers a classification of subjects, taking into account the degree of involvement in computer interactions. The author identifies the specifics of instrumental and technological rationality, draws attention to the phenomenon of “digital shadow” and infomania. The methodological strategy is based on the method of interpretation and comparative analysis. The principles of objectivity and sociocultural determination, as well as activity and subject-oriented approaches are effective. Of particular importance is the procedure of conceptualization, obtained generalizations. The author attracts modern English-language literature to the study. The main conclusions include the substantiation of the need for a complete restructuring of relations with information technologies in order to subordinate them to human reflection and awareness.

Education in Humanistic Pedagogy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
Nikolay I. Meshkov ◽  
Dmitriy N. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Humanistic Education ◽  
Humanist Education ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodological Strategy

Introduction. The article examines the problem of education, based on the methodology of a humanistic approach to the formation of the individual. Comparative analysis made it possible to identify and characterize the features that are inherent in both communist and modern humanist education. Particular attention is paid to the principles of humanistic pedagogy, which determine the direction and activities of educational organizations. The importance of the problem in question is that a certain understanding of it is the basis of the formation of the spiritual culture of the individual and society. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological strategy of this study was a comparative-comparative approach, which allowed to identify and characterize those features that are inherent in both communist and modern humanistic education. To this end, the following methods were used: theoretical modeling, abstraction, generalization, comparative analysis. Results of the study and discussion. Approaches to education under the influence of communist and humanistic (anthropocentric humanism) education have been revealed and critically understood. The role of Orthodox humanism in the formation of human personality is shown as the antithesis of anthropocentric humanism. Conclusion. The results of the study show that humanistic pedagogy, striving to be independent, develops its approaches to education. However, she uses the educational material that was criticized for her traditional pedagogical science and practice. Its main difference from the previous pedagogy is that the center of the pedagogical space is occupied by a separate personality. Education is understood as an activity aimed at creating the necessary conditions for its self-fulfillment, internal self-expression.

scholarly journals Coins from the Streets of Racibórz

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-274
Author(s):  
Paweł Milejski
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Entire Collection ◽  
The City ◽  
Lower Silesia ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The aim of the article is to present numismatic collections from the Museum in Racibórz which have been found at municipal sites during supervision and regular archaeological excavations. This will allow us to observe which coins have come to Racibórz (germ. Ratibor) and (Upper) Silesia over the centuries. The analysed coins will be compared with finds obtained during excavations in other cities in Upper Silesia – Gliwice (germ. Gleiwitz) (the market square and St. George’s Church in Czechowice (germ. Schechowitz)) and Bytom (germ. Beuthen) (St. Margaret’s Hill) – and in the main centre in Lower Silesia, Wrocław (germ. Breslau) (Nowy Targ Square and St. Elizabeth’s Church). The study includes 76 coins acquired in the years 1979–2015 on 12 sites located within the borders of the city of Racibórz. This number includes the hoard of 17 Prague groschen of Wenceslas II, 56 single finds and three coin-like objects. In addition, two metal objects were included in the study which were discovered near the castle in the district of Racibórz – Ostróg. Both objects are difficult to identify, initially defined as a ring eye and a weight (monetary or merchant). The entire collection is dominated by Bohemian coins, including Prague groschen, parvus and white pennies. Silesian coins are the second largest group – three wide bracteates (unfortunately without provenance), a very rare Opava heller of Přemek I (1377–1433) and two groeschels of Ferdinand II (1617–1637). Moreover, two rare pennies of Sigismund III (1587–1632) struck in Poznań mint were found, which usually give way to pennies and ternarius struck in Łobżenica mint, which were not recorded in the collection from Racibórz. Considering all the coins in chronological terms, the dominant coins are late medieval ones – from the second half of the 13th century to the first half of the 15th century. The second concentration of Racibórz finds is from the 18th–20th century. A comparative analysis of coins discovered in Racibórz, Gliwice and Bytom and the hoard of Prague groschen from Błażejowice (germ. Blaschowitz) confirms the hypothesis of Borys Paszkiewicz that it was through Upper Silesia that Bohemian coins reached the territory of present day Poland. As a result, there is a significant number of small Bohemian coins in this area, with a smaller number to be found deeper within Poland.

scholarly journals MANDALA KADEWAGURUAN: THE PLACE FOR RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN THE WEST SLOPE OF MOUNT LAWU IN 14th – 15th CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-42
Author(s):  
Heri Purwanto ◽  
Coleta Palupi Titasari
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
The West ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Religious Ceremony

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri bukti-bukti yang dapat dijadikan sebagai penanda bangunan suci yang digunakan untuk tempat pendidikan agama (mandala kadewaguruan) dan menjelaskan berbagai kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat pendukungnya. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan langkah-langkah penelitian yang berupa observasi langsung ke situs penelitian, lalu diikuti dengan deskripsi, dan terakhir eksplanasi yang menggunakan analisis komparatif dan kontekstual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa memang benar situs penelitian merupakan bangunan suci berstatus sebagai mandala kadewaguruan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan terpenuhinya syarat-syarat sebuah mandala kadewaguruan. Syarat tersebut adalah tempat yang jauh dari keramaian, memiliki ruang yang luas, ditemukan lingga-pranala, terdapat temuan gerabah yang mengindikasikan adanya aktivitas dalam waktu yang lama, ditemukan berbagai tingggalan arkeologi yang berkaitan dengan keagamaan, dan terekam dalam prasasti. Aktivitas yang dilakukan nampaknya begitu kompleks yakni belajar-mengajar, bertapa, upacara agama, menulis sastra, dan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan pemenuhan hidupan (makanan dan minuman).  The study aimed at looking for the evidences that can be used as a mark of the sacred building used for the religious education (mandala kadewaguruan) and to explain the various activities that were done by the community supporters. To achieve these goals, this study used measure of research in the form of direct observation to the site, followed by describing the obesevation, and lastly the explanation using contextual and comparative analysis. The result of this study showed that the site is sacred building in the form mandala kadewaguruan. This has been proven with such a criterion as being a mandala kadewaguruan. The criteria among others are quiet place that far away, have a broad space, founded a lingga pranala, the findings of pottery that indicate the presence of activities in along time, founded a variety archaeological remains related with the religious, and recorded in the inscription. Activites that were done were quite complex, such as, learning and teaching, practicing as an ascetic, religious ceremony, writing literature, as well as meeting the needs of life related to foods and drinks.  

scholarly journals ROLE OF HAJDUKS AND COSSACKS IN THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURY HUNGARIAN AND UKRAINIAN SOCIETY

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
B. Varga
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Social Category ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The intent of the research is to determine viewpoints for the comparative analysis of the Hungarian Hajduks and the Ukrainian Cossacks. During the period spanning from the end of the 15th century up to the 1570’s, Cossacks, similarly to Hajduks, began to take shape as a new social phenomenon, yet legally they still did not exist. Registered Cossacks and royal Hajduks as such were legally recognised, thus they gained a distinguished position in contemporary society despite the fact that hard as they tried, the title of nobility was yet unavailable to them. After comparing the position of Ukrainian Cossacks and Hungarian Hajduks in society, it can be stated that they constituted an “intermediate” social category between nobility and villeins, and they became a mass phenomenon in society only at the end of the 16th century.

scholarly journals Miracles of the Saints in Nikon’s Chronicle as a Source for the Study of the Church Ideology during the 1520s–1530s

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
A.N. Novoselov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Will ◽  
Saint Peter ◽  
The Church ◽  
Will Of God

This paper examines the informative potential of miracles described in Nikon’s Chronicle. Miracles are understood as a symbolic genre of the Old Russian literature. They are stories about unexpected and miraculous events taking place through the will of God and solving some earthly problems. The miracles worked by the following Russian saints were analyzed: Saint Peter of Moscow, Sergius of Radonezh, Barlaam of Khutyn, etc. The texts of miracles from the saints’ lives, Russian chronicles dating from the 15th century to the early 16th century, and Nikon’s Chronicle were compared. It was concluded that the storylines had been considerably revised in the 1520s–1530s. A hypothesis was introduced that the texts were transformed as a result of the influence exercised by Maximus the Greek and the non-possessors, who expressed doubts that certain metropolitans and monastery rectors could have been recognized as miracle workers. This hypothesis was confirmed through the comparative analysis of Nikon’s Chronicle and the trial minutes of Maximus the Greek. The conclusion was made that the miracles described in the earlier sources were rewritten in the subsequent years to shift the emphasis on the important role played by certain church figures in the key historical events.

scholarly journals ΑΔΕΛΦΟΤΗΤΑ, ΚΟΜΠΑΝΙΑ, ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΑ. ΓΙΑ ΜΙΑ ΤΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΩΝ ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΚΕΝΤΡΙΚΗΣ ΕΥΡΩΠΗΣ, ΜΕ ΑΦΟΡΜΗ ΤΟ ΑΓΝΩΣΤΟ ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΤΙΚΟ TOY MISKOLC (1801)

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
ΟΛΓΑ ΚΑΤΣΙΑΡΔΗ-HERING
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
European Research ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Base Form ◽  
The University

<p>This is one of the articles based on the research carried out in the contextof the European research programme PYTHAGORAS II titled «Greekcommunities and the European world (13th-19th centuries). Aspects of selfadministration,social organization, formation of identities», which was realized in the Department of History and Archaeology at the University ofAthens. In the text are discussed the results of the research made by the collaborators of the programme in the archives of Venice, Vienna, Hungary, Romania and referring to the organization of the Greek communities in thesecities and lands. The gathered material (especially statutes referring to theadministration of the communities, schools etc.), as well as the up to nowknown archival material and literature conducted us to conclusions discussedin this paper. The above article provides an attempt at typology of six groupsof organization, beginning from the case 'confraternity'/community of Venice (15th century onward), to those of the Transylvanian 'companies' (17th century onward) as well as the Habsburg lands communities (18th - beginning19th centuries). The typology is based on the data-base form systematized material, which gives answers concerning the comparison of the various typesand terms of administration, the relations between the Greek and othersettlers and the reception-countries too, the role of the home tradition andthat of the various group-immigrants from the Balkan lands, the developmentin the organization forms during the time, the influence of the emergence ofnationalism.</p><p>The article completes the publication and the comparative analysis of theunknown, till now, statutes of the Greek 'company'/community in Miskolc/Hungary (1801) found in the Borsod archive of Miskolc.</p>

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