scholarly journals Views of an Iberian identity in the post-war world: Cultural heritage and politics as seen by Portuguese artists

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-766
Author(s):  
Leonor De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
World Cultural Heritage ◽  
Post War ◽  
Artistic Heritage ◽  
Second World ◽  
Historical References

Portugal and Spain never shared such a distinctive place in recent European history than in the post-war period. Despite the end of the Second World War and the Nazi-fascist defeat, the Iberian dictators, Salazar in Portugal and Franco in Spain, managed to retain their power. This article analyses the creative and theoretical responses of Portuguese artists to the political situation in the Iberian Peninsula taking into particular consideration their approaches to an Iberian identity. It argues that Paula Rego, Barto dos Santos and Ana Hatherly carried out a reinterpretation of cultural and artistic heritage, iconographic memories and historical narratives and, as a result, formulated alternative views of the past and the present that opposed the Iberian dictatorships’ discourses of a glorious, imperialistic legacy that legitimated their ruling. By proposing to look at the references to Spain in Portuguese artists’ work, this article evidences how Portuguese artists sympathized with the political troubles also endured by the Spanish people and singles out a perception of shared cultural traditions between Spain and Portugal. Finally, this article also emphasizes experimental practices and a deliberate eclectic appropriation and reconfiguration of contemporary or historical references that ultimately shaped attitudes of political resistance.

scholarly journals Ibrahim effendi Fejić – The first Reis-ul-ulema in Tito`s Yugoslavia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-299
Author(s):  
Denis Bećirović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

In this paper, based on unpublished archival sources and relevant literature, the author puts the political circumstances after the end of the Second World War into context, and presents and analyses the activities of the first post-war Reis-ul-Ulema in Tito's Yugoslavia, Ibrahim effendi Fejić.

RECEPCIJA I REPREZENTACIJA HOLOKAUSTA U ISTOČNOM BERLINU I BEOGRADU NAKON DRUGOG SVETSKOG RATA

Lipar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (75) ◽  
pp. 163-186
Author(s):  
Milena Nešić Pavković ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
East Berlin ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Post War ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Second World

The goal of this paper is to investigate the memory of the Holocaust, i.e. the reception and representation of the suffering of the Jewish population during the rule of the Third Reich (under Nazi rule and occupation) in the capitals of the states constituted after the Second World War - in East Berlin, GDR, and Belgrade, SFRY, during the period from 1945 to 1989/1991. Relying on the achievements of memory studies and analyzing the political moods of that time and the ways of constructing official narratives about Jewish suffering in selected post-war Communist countries, the similarities and differences in the policy of representing Jewish suffering in these two countries and the memory of Jewish victims in places of remembrance and in the practices of remembrance in their capitals will be pointed out.

History, Myth, and Memory: A Biography of a Stalin Portrait

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-84
Author(s):  
Susan Corbesero
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Soviet Leader ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

AbstractDuring the troublous post-war and post-Soviet periods, the iconography of Stalin has served as a powerful interpreter of the past. Since World War II, portraits and attendant mass reproductions of the notorious Soviet leader have conveyed a historical memory that fused the triumphalist mythology of the Second World War and the cult of Stalin. Appropriated for political, national, nostalgic and commercial purposes, these iconic vehicles have functioned as integral “vectors of memory” in times of political change. In that vein, this article traces the remarkably dynamic and influential life of Aleksandr Laktionov's Portrait of I. V. Stalin (1949) in order to illuminate how its meaning and use, past and present, reflects and refracts the political landscape that deploys it.

Filipino Identity in Fiction, 1945–1972

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Roces
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Dance Theater ◽  
Democratic Ideals ◽  
Filipino Culture ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The Philippines in the immediate post-war years may be described as a nation in search of an identity. This preoccupation with what one journalist has dubbed ‘the question of identity’ spurred a sudden interest in the research and discussion of things Filipino: Filipino dance, theater, literature, language, music, art and cultural traditions. After four hundred and fifty years of colonial rule the Filipino intelligentsia began to wonder if indeed the western legacy of colonial rule was the annihilation of the very essence of Filipino culture. Under the aegis of American rule Filipinos were adamant about proving to their colonizers that they had been good pupils in western democratic ideals and were fit to govern themselves. From the 1920s to the early 1940s, the Filipino had become a sajonista (pro-American). The Japanese colonizers who replaced the Americans in the second world war were appalled not only at the pro-Americanism of the Filipino but at the magnitude of American influence absorbed by Filipino culture. In fact it was the Japanese who promoted the use of Tagalog and the ‘revival’ and appreciation of Filipino cultural traditions as part of the policy of ‘Asia for the Asians’. Once independence was achieved at last in 1946, the focus shifted. The nagging question was no longer ‘Are we western enough to govern ourselves?’ but its opposite—‘Have we become too westernized to the point of losing ourselves?’.

scholarly journals Spain’s Catholic Internationalists

2019 ◽  
pp. 136-169
Author(s):  
David Brydan
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
International Activities ◽  
Catholic Organizations ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

International Catholic organizations and networks provided a welcoming environment for Spanish intellectuals and experts, and a crucial conduit for Franco’s Spain to engage with the outside world in the aftermath of the Second World War. Health and humanitarian organizations played an important part in Spain’s post-war engagement with international Catholicism, particularly the nursing group Salus Informorum and the Catholic charity Caritas. Spanish women enjoyed a prominent role within these international activities, despite the political and professional marginalization of women in Franco’s Spain. But there were important limits to Spain’s involvement in post-war Catholic internationalism. During the immediate post-war period, therefore, Catholic internationalism represented one of the primary ways in which Franco’s Spain engaged with the outside world, at the same time as the country remained semi-detached from the global Catholic mainstream.

Poles and Jews in the Kielce Region and Radom, April 1945–February 1946

2000 ◽  
pp. 236-252
Author(s):  
Adam Penkalla
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Second World ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter discusses the Poles and Jews in the Kielce Region and Radom. The relations between Poles and Jews and the situation of the Jewish population directly after the end of the Second World War on Polish territory are topics which have only recently been addressed in Polish historiography. The Kielce region is particularly important in any discussion of this problem, because of the importance of the pogrom in Kielce on July 4, 1946 in any evaluation of Polish–Jewish relations at that time. The chapter presents documents which pre-date that event and come mostly from Jewish sources. They reveal the complexity of the political, economic, and social situation in post-war Poland, which determined Polish–Jewish relations, and shed light on the situation within the Jewish community, whose fate had been drastically transformed by the events of the war.

Recent Developments

2000 ◽  
pp. 297-338
Author(s):  
Peter N. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
West African ◽  
The Political ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

This chapter explores the underlying and long-term effects of the Second World War on the future of Elder Dempster and its relationship with West Africa. It focuses on the political and economic independence of West African colonies, and the resulting major changes in the structure and organisation of its trading areas, including the formation of independently owned shipping lines. The chapter describes the greater momentum of the establishment and extension of new ports at the end of the war, and reports the corresponding dramatic increase in West African trade. It concludes with an analysis of the decline in Elder Dempster’s share of West African trade, and provides a calculation of its profitability and success in the post-war era.

scholarly journals Ekonomski odnosi Jugoslavije i Rumunije 1945-1948. godine

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-190
Author(s):  
Vladimir Lj. Cvetković
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

This paper analyzes Yugoslav-Romanian economic relations between 1945 and 1948, marked by post-war restoration and radical social and economic changes in both countries. It is focused on the political and economic consequences of the Second World War, trade agreements and exchange, and other forms of economic cooperation which were abruptly suspended due to the conflict between Cominform and Yugoslavia in mid-1948.

scholarly journals A difficult and silent return Italian exiles from Dalmatia and Yugoslav Zadar/Zara after the Second World War

Balcanica ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 317-328
Author(s):  
Luciano Monzali
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Second World

The aim of this essay is to offer a brief analysis of the political activity of the Italian exiles from Dalmatia after the Second World War and their relations with their mother?land and their hometown of Zadar/Zara. Their activities failed to bring about a change of the Italian-Yugoslav border established by the 1947 Treaty of Peace with Italy, but they displayed great activism and a strong determination to keep their cultural traditions alive not only in Italy but also in Yugoslav Zadar. After much effort the Italian exiles eventually succeeded in setting up a public Italian club in Zadar in 1991, after the end of communist Yugoslavia and the creation of independent Croatia.

Squatting: The Fight for Decent Shelter, 1970s–1980s

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
John Marsland
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

During the twenty years after the Second World War, housing began to be seen as a basic right among many in the west, and the British welfare state included many policies and provisions to provide decent shelter for its citizens. This article focuses on the period circa 1968–85, because this was a time in England when the lack of affordable, secure-tenured housing reached a crisis level at the same time that central and local governmental housing policies received wider scrutiny for their ineffectiveness. My argument is that despite post-war laws and rhetoric, many Britons lived through a housing disaster and for many the most rational way they could solve their housing needs was to exploit loopholes in the law (as well as to break them out right). While the main focus of the article is on young British squatters, there is scope for transnational comparison. Squatters in other parts of the world looked to their example to address the housing needs in their own countries, especially as privatization of public services spread globally in the 1980s and 1990s. Dutch, Spanish, German and American squatters were involved in a symbiotic exchange of ideas and sometimes people with the British squatters and each other, and practices and rhetoric from one place were quickly adopted or rejected based on the success or failure in each place.

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