scholarly journals The altered profile of a donated cadaver population: challenges for teaching and research?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-483
Author(s):  
Desiré M. Brits ◽  
◽  
Brendon K. Billings ◽  
Beverley Kramer ◽  
Erin F. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Visceral Anatomy

Efforts by anatomists over the recent past, have converted the cadaver population in a South Afri-can institution from a predominantly unclaimed population into one purely derived from donors. Concurrent with this transformation were noticea-ble changes in cadaver demographics, which raised concerns for aspects of teaching and re-search. The aim of this study was therefore to ex-plore the effects of donation on the demographics and anatomical integrity of the Schools 2017 ca-daver population. The provenance, ancestry, sex and age of 74 cadavers were investigated. Dis-sected cadavers were studied to ascertain the general condition of their anatomy. Variations in tissue integrity, morphology and overt pathologies were surveyed. Cadavers represented only one population group with slightly more females (54%). The majority of the cohort (62%) was aged be-tween 71 and 90 years. With regards to anatomical integrity, 60% of the cadavers presented with ad-hering fascia, but no significant differences in the quantity of fat were found across the sample. High levels of muscle tearing and atrophy (76%) oc-curred and variations in visceral anatomy were noted. Various surgical interventions and overt pathologies were also observed. The donated ca-daver population differed from previous unclaimed cadaver populations in that they consisted of only White, older individuals. Variations, surgical inter-ventions and pathologies offer staff in anatomy an opportunity to engage with more clinically-oriented teaching, as well as introducing students to the discipline of gerontology.

scholarly journals Effects of obesity on cholesterol metabolism and its implications for healthy ageing

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tomás Mc Auley
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Health It ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe last few decades have witnessed a global rise in the number of older individuals. Despite this demographic shift, morbidity within this population group is high. Many factors influence healthspan; however, an obesity pandemic is emerging as a significant determinant of older people’s health. It is well established that obesity adversely affects several metabolic systems. However, due to its close association with overall cardiometabolic health, the impact that obesity has on cholesterol metabolism needs to be recognised. The aim of the present review is to critically discuss the effects that obesity has on cholesterol metabolism and to reveal its significance for healthy ageing.

scholarly journals Use of Autologous Stem Cells for Prevention of Pyo-Inflammatory Complications at Surgical Interventions with Surgical Aggression in Traumatologic and Orthopaedic Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
S P Mironov ◽  
Gurgen Abovenovich Kesyan ◽  
I E Kondrat'eva ◽  
R Z Urazgil'deev ◽  
G N Berchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
Orthopaedic Patients ◽  
Reconstructive Operations ◽  
Comminuted Fractures

Study of the efficacy of in vitro cultivated autolymphocytes for homeostasis protection and pyo-inflammatory complications prevention at reconstructive operations performance. That technique was applied in 35 patients with comminuted fractures, femur pseudarthroses and coxarthrosis to whom extraosseous, intraosseous osteosynthesis and hip arthroplasty were performed. Control group included 30 patients with similar types of pathology who were treated by similar methods but without use of autolymphocytes. Post-operative use of autolymphocytes transfusion with regard for potential pyo-inflammatory complications enabled to achieve more favorable course of post-operative period, faster stabilization of patients' general condition, normalization of clinical and special indices as well as to decrease the rate of pyo-inflammatory complications.

scholarly journals Impaired Executive Function and Depression as Independent Risk Factors for Reported Delirium Symptoms: An Observational Cohort Study Over 8 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Mychajliw ◽  
Matthias L. Herrmann ◽  
Ulrike Suenkel ◽  
Katharina Brand ◽  
Anna-Katharina von Thaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundAcute medical illnesses, surgical interventions, or admissions to hospital in older individuals are frequently associated with a delirium. In this cohort study, we investigated the impact of specific cognitive domains and depression before the occurrence of delirium symptoms in an 8-year observation of older non-hospitalized individuals.MethodsIn total, we included 807 participants (48–83 years). Deficits in specific cognitive domains were measured using the CERAD test battery, and depressive symptoms were measured using Beck Depression Inventory and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) before the onset of a delirium. Delirium symptoms were retrospectively assessed by a questionnaire based on the established Nursing Delirium Screening Scale.ResultsFifty-eight of eight hundred seven participants (7.2%) reported delirium symptoms over the 8-year course of the study. Sixty-nine percent (n = 40) of reported delirium symptoms were related to surgeries. In multivariate regression analysis, impaired executive function was an independent risk factor (p = 0.034) for the occurrence of delirium symptoms. Furthermore, age (p = 0.014), comorbidities [captured by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)] (p < 0.001), and depression (p = 0.012) were significantly associated with reported delirium symptoms.ConclusionEspecially prior to elective surgery or medical interventions, screening for impaired executive function and depression could be helpful to identify patients who are at risk to develop delirium symptoms.

scholarly journals Prevention of falls in old people – a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus K. Karlsson ◽  
Caroline Karlsson ◽  
Maria Cöster ◽  
Håkan Magnusson ◽  
Björn E. Rosengen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Older People ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Healthy Community ◽  
Training Modalities

SummaryPhysical training, if including specific different training modalities, reduces the fall risk in healthy community-dwelling older people, as does a home hazards modification programme. Vitamin D supplementation in older individuals with low levels of vitamin D, adjustment of psychotropic medication, and structured modification of multi-pharmacy are all drug-focused programmes that reduce the number of falls. Anti-slip shoe devices during icy conditions for older people who walk outdoors and multifaceted podiatry in patients with specific foot disability reduce the fall risk. First eye cataract surgery and pacemakers in patients with cardio-inhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity are surgical interventions that reduce the fall risk. Multi-factorial preventive programmes that include training, both individually designed and generally prescribed, also reduce the fall frequency. With this in mind, we ought to initiate fall preventive programmes in older people, especially in high- risk groups, to reduce the number of falls and fallers in society.

scholarly journals SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RECURRENT HIATAL HERNIAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
D. I. Vasilevsky ◽  
G. T. Bechvaya ◽  
A. M. Ahmatov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Hiatal Hernia ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Revision Operation ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The People ◽  
Visceral Anatomy

OBJECTIVE. Hiatal hernias are the most common type of visceral anatomy disorder. The unresolved problem of surgical treatment of this pathology remains the high frequency of its relapse. Currently, it is believed that repeated surgical interventions for hiatal hernia are technically difficult, carry a high risk of complications and have unsatisfactory long-term results.MATERIAL AND METHODS. In the period from 2015 to 2019, 55 patients with this pathology were operated. In 52 (94.5 %) cases, the revision operation was performed laparoscopically, in 3 (5.5 %) – through left-side thoracotomy. The technique of the operation implied the removal of hiatal hernia and the implementation of antireflux reconstruction. In five (9.9 %) patients with a shortened esophagus, the fundoplication wrap was originally created in the chest; in 50 (90.1 %), normal anatomy was restored.RESULTS. Long-term results ranging from 12 to 48 months were evaluated in 53 (96.4 %) cases. The natural position of the esophagus and stomach in relation to the diaphragm was detected in 43 (81.1 %) patients, relapse of hiatal hernia – in 5 (9.4 %). In 5 patients, the fundoplication wrap formed in the chest was functional. The absence of gastroesophageal reflux was observed in 41 (91.8 % of patients who had GERD before surgery). In 4 (8.8 %) cases, including one patient with antireflux reconstruction in the chest, a relapse of the disease occurred.CONCLUSION. The presented results allowed the surgical treatment of recurrent hiatal hernias reasonable and effective.The authors declare no conflict of interest.The authors confirm that they respect the rights of the people participated in the study, including obtaining informed consent when it is necessary, and the rules of treatment of animals when they are used in the study. Author Guidelines contains the detailed information.

scholarly journals Emergent Stabilization of Pelvic Bones Fractures in Polytrauma

2014 ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Litvina
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
Pelvic Ring ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Pelvic Injury ◽  
Treatment Concept ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Pelvic Injuries ◽  
Modern Treatment

Principle aspects of the management of patients with concomitant pelvic injury and injuries of other localization from the standpoint of modern treatment concept Damage control are discussed. Special attention are paid to the techniques for pelvic ring fixation, arrest of intrapelvic hemorrhage, sequence of surgical interventions depending on the pattern of concomitant injuries. The necessity of emergent pelvic injuries fixation with external devices as well as the fractures of other localization in the acute period until stabilization of patient’s general condition is substantiated

scholarly journals Emergent Stabilization of Pelvic Bones Fractures in Polytrauma

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
E. A Litvina
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
Pelvic Ring ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Pelvic Injury ◽  
Treatment Concept ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Pelvic Injuries ◽  
Modern Treatment

Principle aspects of the management of patients with concomitant pelvic injury and injuries of other localization from the standpoint of modern treatment concept Damage control are discussed. Special attention are paid to the techniques for pelvic ring fixation, arrest of intrapelvic hemorrhage, sequence of surgical interventions depending on the pattern of concomitant injuries. The necessity of emergent pelvic injuries fixation with external devices as well as the fractures of other localization in the acute period until stabilization of patient’s general condition is substantiated

Perceived Voice Disorders in Older Adults and Impact on Social Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Connie K. Porcaro ◽  
Clare Singer ◽  
Boris Djokic ◽  
Ali A. Danesh ◽  
Ruth Tappen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose Many aging individuals, even those who are healthy, report voice changes that can impact their ability to communicate as they once did. While this is commonly reported, most do not seek evaluation or management for this issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and differences in voice disorders in older adults, along with the effect of fatigue on their social interactions. Method This is a cross-sectional investigation of a community-dwelling sample of individuals aged 60 years or older. Participants completed the Questionnaire on Vocal Performance, the Social Engagement Index subset “Engagement in Social or Leisure Activities,” and the Fatigue Severity Scale. Results Results indicated 32.5% of the 332 participants reported symptoms of voice problems with no difference found between male and female respondents. A slight increase in report of voice problems was noted with each year of age. Participants who self-reported voice problems indicated less interaction in social activities involving communication than those who did not. Finally, as severity of self-reported voice problems increased, an increase was reported by the same individuals for signs of fatigue. Conclusions Voice problems and resulting decreased social interaction are commonly experienced by older individuals. Voice symptoms in older adults have been found to benefit from evidence-based treatment strategies. It is critical to provide education to encourage older individuals to seek appropriate evaluation and management for voice issues through a speech-language pathologist or medical professional.

Dual Task, Noise, and The Speech-Language Pathologist: A Clinical Guideline for Adult Multi-Tasking Intervention With Noise

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Jennine Harvey ◽  
Scott Seeman ◽  
Deborah von Hapsburg
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Clinical Guideline ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Hearing In Noise ◽  
Hearing Function ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The field of Cognitive Hearing Science examines the relationship between cognitive, linguistic, and hearing functions. Although these areas are of particular importance to speech-language pathology, few studies have investigated applications of cognitive hearing science to clinical practice. The purpose of this review article is to (1) explore and present a summary of cognitive hearing science techniques for dual-task and hearing-in-noise procedures and implications to speech-language pathology, and (2) provide a clinical guide for speech-language pathology in adult multitasking intervention with noise. It is well understood that areas of cognitive skill and hearing function decline with age; therefore, additional understanding of the relationship of these functions is of particular importance to speech-language pathologists working with older individuals. This article meets the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA's) Special Interest Group (SIG) 15's mission of “research-to-practice” professional development by “promoting understanding of the effects of normal and pathological aging on cognition, language […] and hearing” (ASHA, 2017), and is intended to be of interest to the SIG 15 readership.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document