scholarly journals Linguistics - Translation Studies - Linguistics: eine Einführung

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leona Van Vaerenbergh
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Related Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
Present Context ◽  
The One

The introduction primarily explains the meaning of the title “Linguistics and Translation Studies. Translation Studies and Linguistics” and furthermore focuses on the choice of the term “translation studies” which in the present context should be considered as any form of scientific approach to transla¬tion which is not based on a preconceived theory.The second paragraph outlines the difficult relationship between lin-guistics and translation studies. The convergence of both disciplines was particularly favoured by the fact that since the Seventies and Eighties, Linguistics have expanded their research to include text linguistics, prag-matics and cognitive studies. The three mentioned fields and the actual tech¬nological developments are the basis on which this publication was subdi¬vided into four parts.The third paragraph presents various contributions. The first part “textlinguistic approaches” starts with an overview of the relationship between (text) linguistics and translation studies (Holzer); two pair-related language contributions (Krein-Kühle, Sládková), a contribution on hermeneutics, translation and text linguistics (Stolze) and a contribution on translational text production from a pragmatic functional viewpoint (Feyrer). In part two “pragmatic approaches ”, the various aspects of prag-matism are represented: the sociocultural context of the translator (Goyens & Van Hoecke), rendering the implicit explicit by the translator (Zlateva), the cultural influences on juridical terminology (Brugnoli), the genre as a culture-specific category (García Izquierdo & Montalt i Resurrecció), the social relationship between sender and receiver (Nord) and the involvement of the reader in the translation discussion (Renkema & van Wijk). The contributions to the third part are divided into three main themes: 1. Cognitive structures which are the basis for complex relations between terms and the formation of metaphors (Thelen, Temmerman, Holm), 2. cognitive processes of information flow in understanding and translating (Sévigny) and the description of the note-taking technique of the interpreter as a language and discourse (Kohn & Albl-Mikasa), 3. empirical studies of the translation process on the basis of data collection with subsequent didactic goals (Rydning, Büyükkantarcio lu & Do an, Hansen, Breedveld & van den Bergh). The fourth part “technological approaches” consists on the one hand of contributions that examine technological procedures as an auxiliary means for the translator (Michiels, Feder, Schmitz) and on the other hand contributions that relate to corpus-based research as a bridge between linguistics and translation studies (Ramón-García, Nilsson, Olohan).

scholarly journals Textlinguistik und Übersetzungswissenschaft – Entwicklung und Interaktion

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Text Cohesion

Since the beginning of the 1980s the categories of text linguistics have played an increasingly important role in both theoretical and applied translation studies. They have attracted more and more attention in the course of attempts to establish a translation-oriented text theory and text analysis for teaching purposes. In this context translation studies have been able to make a useful contribution to the linguistic debate on text cohesion and coherence and have in turn greatly benefited from that debate. At the same time, through contact with other disciplines, inclu¬ding the social sciences and cultural sciences, translation studies have helped to generate new aspects in text linguistics and to extend its hori¬zons. Today text linguistics and translation studies exist in a form of symbiosis that has attractive potential for the future.

Conceptual View on Career: Systemic and Substantive Analysis

10.12737/7295 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Сотникова ◽  
Svetlana Sotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Career Analysis ◽  
The One

In the present context of increasing appreciation and scarcity of labor career development becomes of ever growing importance for an organization to achieve its strategic goals, as ongoing changes in organizations’ business activities and structure require the correspondent changes in ways of positioning workers in the stream of social life. The paper provides rationale for conceptual basics of systemic and substantive analysis of a career. Within this approach professional career is considered to be the interplay of con icting and colliding aspects and tendencies despite their internal unity and interpenetration. On the one part, professional career is essentially a way for a worker to assert himself in the social space through resolving con icts between working life and personal life, between labor time and leisure time, between personal needs and public needs. On the other part, professional career can be seen as complete and consistent set of resources for a worker to achieve social sustainability, as he is aware of the con nes of freedom and responsibility he enjoys for self-actualization in formal, non-formal and informal aspects. Systemic and substantive career analysis allows to reveal the nature of its components’ internal unity, to identify the career type as well as sources, drivers and mechanisms of self-organization, self-development and self-destruction of a professional career. Based on implementing basics of systemic and substantive analysis of a career development the author has formulated proprietary de nitions for such notions, as «the system of career», ‘career space»; to reveal features of a career system components; to prove di erences between career position and job position and to identify several tiers of career space.

The social representations of the alcoholism and drug addiction in Portuguese workplace / Representaçöes sociais do alcoolismo e toxicodependência no meio laboral português

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlindo Gouveia Pereira ◽  
Jorge Ribeiro Pires
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

The present study aims to evaluate how social representations, areinstrumental to evaluate the proneness to act of enterprises, employer’s and worker’s organizations, decision-makers against the abuse and dependence of alcohol and drugs in the workplace, in Portugal, in 2003.Both, the present and the previous studies (for the European Commission and the International Labour Offi ce, in 1993) adopted a strategic research design in witch representatives of the three above mentioned types of organizations were interviewed and answered similar questionnaires, and about social representations used a specifi c software developed by Pierre Vergès.Social representations of alcoholism and drug adicton, in Portugal,in 2003, are to enterprises, employer’s and worker’s organizationsclose to each other. Common core words are disease, dependenceand degradation. Categorization showed the central semantic role of(person’s) degradation. The categorization connection of enterprisesand worker’s organization are closer than the one of the employer’sorganizations. The semantic network is, in all cases more complex for alcohol than it is for drugs.It turns out that, in general, a decade of strategic studies, in Portugal, discloses an inhibition to act by the most responsible intervenient in the workplace in contrast to their own evaluation of the seriousness of the problem. Why this trend continues unchanged is out of the reach of the present empirical studies.

scholarly journals GRÆNSELØS STRAF: Om grønlandsk indsathed i et dansk fængsel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Rahbæk Møller ◽  
Marlène Elisabeth M. J. Spielman
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The Social ◽  
Present Context ◽  
The One ◽  
To Receive

The fi eldwork upon which this article is based took place among Greenlandic inmates in 2005 in two different prisons, Anstalten ved Herstedvester, Denmark and Anstalten for Domfældte in Nuuk, Greenland. We set out to investigate the affects of being sent from Greenland to Anstalten ved Herstedvester to serve a sentence of indefi nite time. Analytically we combine the two places into one social space, as our informants in Anstalten ved Herstedvester experience the one place through the other. They have all served a sentence in prisons in Greenland and they combine these experiences in understanding their present context. Even though the structure of Anstalten ved Herstedvester is characterized by transparent boundaries and the opposite applies to Anstalten for Domfældte in Nuuk, the prisoners all have diffi culties navigating in the social space. In Herstedvester the rare visits and leaves become a mediator of life inside and outside society. Even though these are desired, they are also experienced as expressions of a life, which is diffi cult to imagine since they feel locked in time and space. Their experience of time is characterised by permanance, which creates ignorance and insecurity, and they feel locked in time and without agency because of the encircled social space. “Home” is another important element of life in prison, but one that almost impossible to obtain. The convicts fi nd a feeling of at-homeness by smoking marijuana. However, some of our informants chose to stop smoking and were thereby able to receive a reduction of their time in prison.  

Remittances

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Monsutti
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Forthcoming Article ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
Business Creation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Migration And Development

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Please check back later for the full article. Remittances are monetary or social transfers made by migrants to their countries of origin, usually but not exclusively, to members of their families. They represent a significant capital flow at the international level (hundreds of billions of dollars), exceeding by far official development assistance. Remittances, as an instrument for combating poverty and fueling economic growth, have attracted an increasing interest in development studies and the social sciences in general. The question of the relationship between migration and development has gained significant visibility in the last decades and, at political and academic levels, has provoked passionate debates in which anthropologists have participated actively. Over time, the mood has fluctuated from developmentalist optimism in the 1950s and 1960s, to pessimism in the 1970s and 1980s, and once more optimistic views in the 1990s and 2000s. The post-9/11 period has seen a progressive shift again and is dominated by a securitization political rhetoric. In spite of this cyclical history, the terms of the debate are well known and rather constant. On the one hand, the role of money sent by migrants to their families may be seen as an effective survival strategy, a diversification of revenue sources that increases purchasing power; it may lead to small business creation, the promotion of education, and the transfer of knowledge by return migrants bringing with them skills learned abroad. Ultimately, the possibility of remitting money back home contributes—in more sociological terms—to the establishment of transnational networks and therefore to the cohesion of kinship or residence groups despite dispersion. However, the fact that so many people—especially youth—are trying to migrate is related to a culture of dependence, while the private dimension of most transfers does not bring real collective benefits. Far from promoting social cohesion, remittances may, on the contrary, increase inequalities, as the poorest households cannot afford to send one of their members abroad. In some cases, the money that is transferred may be used to finance armed groups. These debates on the role of money and know-how sent by migrants are primarily situated within the vast literature on migration and development. Interestingly, most anthropological dictionaries and encyclopedias do not have an entry on remittances. The issue of remittances has still to acquire a fully-fledged theoretical dimension within the discipline in order to contribute to conceptual discussions on global mobility. Migrants weave multiple links throughout their lives and are often full participants in several societies at the same time. To grasp the complexity of the phenomena at stake, it might be necessary to decompartmentalize the existing categories of mobile people (asylum seekers, refugees, migrant workers, skilled professionals, international students, even tourists), recognize the non-linearity of most spatial and social trajectories, and integrate empirical studies into a more encompassing theoretical discussion.

Murder with Impunity: The Construction of Arab Masculinities and Honor Crimes

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
May Abu Jaber
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Male Authority ◽  
Cultural Networks ◽  
Gender Specific

Violence against women (VAW) continues to exist as a pervasive, structural,systematic, and institutionalized violation of women’s basic human rights (UNDivision of Advancement for Women, 2006). It cuts across the boundaries of age, race, class, education, and religion which affect women of all ages and all backgrounds in every corner of the world. Such violence is used to control and subjugate women by instilling a sense of insecurity that keeps them “bound to the home, economically exploited and socially suppressed” (Mathu, 2008, p. 65). It is estimated that one out of every five women worldwide will be abused during her lifetime with rates reaching up to 70 percent in some countries (WHO, 2005). Whether this abuse is perpetrated by the state and its agents, by family members, or even by strangers, VAW is closely related to the regulation of sexuality in a gender specific (patriarchal) manner. This regulation is, on the one hand, maintained through the implementation of strict cultural, communal, and religious norms, and on the other hand, through particular legal measures that sustain these norms. Therefore, religious institutions, the media, the family/tribe, cultural networks, and the legal system continually disciplinewomen’s sexuality and punish those women (and in some instances men) who have transgressed or allegedly contravened the social boundaries of ‘appropriateness’ as delineated by each society. Such women/men may include lesbians/gays, women who appear ‘too masculine’ or men who appear ‘too feminine,’ women who try to exercise their rights freely or men who do not assert their rights as ‘real men’ should, women/men who have been sexually assaulted or raped, and women/men who challenge male/older male authority.

Linguistics: A Rhetor's Guide

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick Leith
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language Study ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

Abstract: To non-specialists, academic disciplines invariably seem homogeneous, even monolithic. But even a relatively young discipline such as modem linguistics is more diverse in its procedures and concerns than might appear to those working in other fields. In this paper I attempt to show how certain kinds of linguistic inquiry might be relevant to those whose primary concern is rhetoric. I argue that these practices are often opposed to what I call the dominant paradigm in modern linguistics, with its commitment to abstraction and idealization. I discuss first those strands of linguistics, such as discourse analysis, text-linguistics, and stylistics, which tend to take the social formation for granted; I end by considering recent trends in so-called critical language study. Finally, I offer some thoughts on how linguistics may proceed in order to achieve a more programmatic rapprochement with rhetoric.

A estranha objetividade do valor: trabalho, ideologia e capital no pensamento de Marx

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-175
Author(s):  
Wécio Pinheiro Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Concrete Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Logic ◽  
The One

Resumo: Em O Capital, Marx nos alertou que a mercadoria tem um caráter misterioso que carrega “sutilezas metafísicas e argúcias teológicas”. Este artigo tenta decifrar um pouco desse mistério buscando decodifica-lo naquilo que denominamos como a estranha objetividade do valor. Para isso, analisamos a relação entre a ideologia e o valor a partir da crítica marxiana à mercadoria, consignada à lógica de Hegel. Vemos que o valor se constitui como razão ontológica da mercadoria enquanto produto do processo de trabalho que carrega uma racionalidade imanente, isto é, um espírito socialmente produzido que se objetiva à medida que é vivenciado pelos indivíduos como uma lógica social que rege as relações nesta sociedade. Isso se dá por meio de “sutilezas metafísicas” na formação da realidade social marcada por contradições estabelecidas entre, de um lado, o conteúdo objetivo das relações sociais, e de outro, a forma como essas relações são vivenciadas pela consciência na sociedade capitalista. Nesta relação entre conteúdo e forma, encontramos determinações de profundidade ontológica entre o valor e a ideologia, enquanto forma social que opera harmonizando as contradições constituintes da realidade social, a exemplo do que acontece no trabalho assalariado. A mediação ideológica se põe como uma progressão imanente à materialização da vivência concreta da relação entre capital e trabalho no salário, de maneira a naturalizar a exploração que se esconde na estranha objetividade do valor que se realiza na troca de mercadorias. Concluímos que a conexão ontológica entre o ser social e a mercadoria é socialmente ubíqua, precisamente por conta do seu caráter ideológico na formação da sociabilidade a partir do processo de trabalho subjugado ao capital.  Palavras-chave: Valor. Ideologia. Trabalho, Capital. Salário.  Abstract: In Capital, Marx warned us that the commodity has a mysterious character bearing "metaphysical subtleties and theological insights." This article attempts to decipher a little of this mystery by decoding it into what we call the strange objectivity of value. For this, we analyze the relation between ideology and value from the Marxian critique of the commodity, consigned to the Hegelian logic. We see that value is constituted as the ontological reason of the commodity as the product of the labor process that carries an immanent rationality, that is, a socially produced spirit that is objectified as it is experienced by the individuals as a social logic that governs the relations in this society. This is done through "metaphysical subtleties" in the formation of social reality marked by contradictions established between, on the one hand, the objective content of social relations, and on the other, the way in which these relations are experienced by consciousness in capitalist society. In this relationship between content and form, we find determinations of ontological depth between value and ideology, as a social form that operates by harmonizing the constituent contradictions of social reality, as in wage labor. Ideological mediation is seen as an immanent progression to the materialization of the concrete experience of the relation between capital and labor in wage, in order to naturalize the exploitation that is hidden in the strange objectivity of the value that is realized in the exchange of commodities. We conclude that the ontological connection between the social being and the commodity is socially ubiquitous precisely because of its ideological character in the formation of sociability from the labor process subjugated to capital.  Keywords: Value. Labor. Ideology. Capital. Wage.  REFERÊNCIAS  ADORNO, Theodor W. Teoria Estética. [Asthetische Theorie]. Tradução de Artur Morão. – São Paulo : Livraria Martins Fontes, 1988.  ADORNO, Theodor W. Três estudos sobre Hegel. [Drei Studien zu Hegel]. Tradução: Ulisses Razzante Vaccari. – 1. Ed. – São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2013.  ARAÚJO, Wécio Pinheiro. Ideologia e capital: crítica da razão imanente à sociedade moderna. Tese de doutorado. João Pessoa, PB; Leipzig, Saxônia, UFPB/UFPE/UFRN-HGB, 2018.  ARTHUR, Christopher J. A nova dialética e “O Capital” de Marx. Tradução de Pedro C. Chadarevian. – São Paulo : Edipro, 2016.   DUSSEL, Enrique. A Produção Teórica de Marx: um comentário sobre os Grundrisse. Tradução de José Paulo Netto. – 1 ed. – São Paulo : Expressão Popular, 2012. GERAS, Norman. Marx and the Critique of Political Economy. In: Ideology and Social Science: politics, sociology, anthropology, economics, history. – Ed. by Robin Blackburn, Fontana/Collins, 1977, p. 284-305.  JAEGGI, Rahel. Alienation: News directions in Critical Theory. Columbia Uni. Press, 2014.  HERÁCLITO, de Éfeso. Heráclito : fragmentos contextualizados. Tradução, apresentação e comentários Alexandre Costa. – São Paulo : Odysseus Editora, 2012.  HEGEL, G. W. F. Fenomenologia do Espírito [Phänomenologie des Geistes]. Tradução de Paulo Meneses; com a colaboração de Karl-Heinz Efken, e José Nogueira Machado. – 5. ed. – Petrópolis, RJ : Vozes : Bragança Paulista, Editora Universitária São Francisco, 2008.  MARX, Karl. Das Kapital: Der Produktionprozess des Kapitals. Erster Band, Erstes Buch (Kapitel XVI-LII). Hamburg, Nikol Verlag., 2016.  MARX, Karl. Grundrisse: manuscritos econômicos de 1857-1858 : esboços da crítica da economia política. – supervisão editorial Mario Duayer; tradução Mario Duayer, Nélio Schneider (colaboração de Alice Helga Werner e Rudiger Hoffman). – São Paulo : Boitempo; Rio de Janeiro: Ed. UFRJ, 2011.  MARX, Karl. Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos. [Ökonomie-philosophische Manuskripte] Tradução, apresentação e notas de Jesus Ranieri. - 2. reimp. - São Paulo : Boitempo Editorial, 2008.  MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O Processo de Produção do Capital. Vol. I – 10 ª. Edição, Tradução de Reginaldo Sant’ Anna. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch I: Der Produktionsprozes des Kapitals, Quarta edição, 1890). São Paulo : DIFEL, 1985.  MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O processo de produção do capital. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch 1: Der Produktionsprozess des Kapitals.  – São Paulo: Boitempo, 2013.   NICHOLS, Bill. Ideology and the Image: Social Representation in the Cinema and Other Media. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981.

PHILOSOPHICAL PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.

Lorenzo at ‘The Theatre’ Meeting actors and audience

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-38
Author(s):  
N. Ceramella
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One

The article considers two versions of D. H. Lawrence’s essay The Theatre: the one which appeared in the English Review in September 1913 and the other one which Lawrence published in his first travel book Twilight in Italy (1916). The latter, considerably revised and expanded, contains a number of new observations and gives a more detailed account of Lawrence’s ideas.Lawrence brings to life the atmosphere inside and outside the theatre in Gargnano, presenting vividly the social structure of this small northern Italian town. He depicts the theatre as a multi-storey stage, combining the interpretation of the plays by Shakespeare, D’Annunzio and Ibsen with psychological portraits of the actors and a presentation of the spectators and their responses to the plays as distinct social groups.Lawrence’s views on the theatre are contextualised by his insights into cinema and its growing popularity.What makes this research original is the fact that it offers a new perspective, aiming to illustrate the social situation inside and outside the theatre whichLawrenceobserved. The author uses the material that has never been published or discussed before such as the handwritten lists of box-holders in Gargnano Theatre, which was offered to Lawrence and his wife Frieda by Mr. Pietro Comboni, and the photographs of the box-panels that decorated the theatre inLawrence’s time.

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