scholarly journals Visual metaphors in medical knowledge representation

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel Tercedor Sánchez ◽  
Alicia Casado Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Visual Metaphors ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Metaphorical Thought ◽  
Medical Concepts

Understanding the role of mental images and embodiment in metaphorical thought is fundamental to the study of metaphor in science in general, and in medicine in particular. And analysing typologies of metaphorical images and their function is a key issue in assessing their success in disseminating knowledge, since knowledge construction depends on the interaction between verbal and visual information (Ketola, 2016). In this article, we describe the premises and methodological steps followed in analysing and describing visual metaphorical information in medical texts for lay audiences. We follow a data-driven approach in which images were extracted from the VariMed database, a multimodal terminographical tool for translation, linguistic research and knowledge dissemination. An experiment was carried out to explore how successfully metaphorical images used as illustrations for specific medical concepts were identified and understood. We conclude that metaphorical images were preferred over non-metaphorical illustrations for medical concepts, which may point to lay audiences’ familiarity with metaphorical multimodal references.

scholarly journals Transkingdom interactions between Lactobacilli and hepatic mitochondria attenuate western diet-induced diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Rodrigues ◽  
Manoj Gurung ◽  
Zhipeng Li ◽  
Manuel García-Jaramillo ◽  
Renee Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractWestern diet (WD) is one of the major culprits of metabolic disease including type 2 diabetes (T2D) with gut microbiota playing an important role in modulating effects of the diet. Herein, we use a data-driven approach (Transkingdom Network analysis) to model host-microbiome interactions under WD to infer which members of microbiota contribute to the altered host metabolism. Interrogation of this network pointed to taxa with potential beneficial or harmful effects on host’s metabolism. We then validate the functional role of the predicted bacteria in regulating metabolism and show that they act via different host pathways. Our gene expression and electron microscopy studies show that two species from Lactobacillus genus act upon mitochondria in the liver leading to the improvement of lipid metabolism. Metabolomics analyses revealed that reduced glutathione may mediate these effects. Our study identifies potential probiotic strains for T2D and provides important insights into mechanisms of their action.

scholarly journals English for European Communication and Tourism: Focus on Pragmatic Competence

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-332
Author(s):  
Agata Klimczak-Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Data Driven Approach

Pragmatic competence in L2 English is claimed here to be crucial for successful communication in a variety of communicative contexts across Europe. However, due to language background, cultural and identity differences among users of English, there is a need for reflection and data-driven examination of how the language is used in specific situations. This paper adopts a cross-cultural perspective on the study of the use of English in the European Union with focus on its role in tourism. The role of English as the language of communication in Europe is discussed, followed by a proposal as to the way in which its actual usage can be studied. The data-driven approach to pragmatic behavior is advocated as the basis for the development of pragmatic competence in learners of English with focus on those who wish to engage in tourism.

Formulating Industrial Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. R47-R53
Author(s):  
Tim Besley ◽  
Richard Davies
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Structural Weakness ◽  
The Face ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

Executive SummaryAlongside the challenge of maintaining economic competitiveness in the face of great uncertainty, Brexit brings an opportunity for the government to set out a new industrial strategy. The case for doing so rests on the need to address areas of persistent structural weakness in the UK economy, including low productivity. But it is important that any new industrial strategy be based on appropriately granular data reflecting the real structure of the UK corporate sector: the overwhelmingly preponderant role of services as opposed to manufacturing, for example; the importance of young, fast-growing firms as opposed to SMEs; the relatively high failure rate of companies in the UK; and the relative lack of successful mid-sized firms. Such a data-driven approach might spawn an industrial strategy quite different from the piecemeal programmes of recent years.Internationally, the UK is a laggard in this area, and the recently-created Industrial Strategy Council does not look strong enough to change that position. To move forward, the government needs to make industrial strategy a central plank of economic policy, embedded at the heart of the administration with its own staff and funding, and operations based on a comprehensive review of the economic contribution and potential of various types of firm. Needless to say, it cannot be a substitute for a continuing commitment to competition and markets, or a stalking horse for protectionism: interventions should be justified by carefully-argued market failure arguments, be time-limited, and transparently evaluated.

scholarly journals The typology of parricide and the role of mental illness: Data‐driven approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522
Author(s):  
Lana Bojanić ◽  
Sandra Flynn ◽  
Myrsini Gianatsi ◽  
Navneet Kapur ◽  
Louis Appleby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Data Driven Approach

Foundations of the framework

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gard B. Jenset ◽  
Barbara McGillivray
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Theoretical Paradigms

Chapter 2 deals with the foundations of the framework outlined in the book. The basic assumptions of the framework are made explicit, and the chapter continues with three main sections on the major principles of the framework, best practices for conducting research within the framework, and a section on data-driven historical linguistics. The section on principles lays down twelve principles underpinning the framework. These principles are referred to throughout the rest of the book, including the case studies. The aim of these principles is to make historical linguistic research more transparent and reproducible, to facilitate communication across different theoretical paradigms, and to allow researchers to tackle complex problems in a systematic way. The best practices section explains additional methodological points, while the final section discusses the role of corpora in historical linguistics research practice.

scholarly journals The Role of Spatial Frequencies for Facial Pain Categorization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Charbonneau ◽  
Joël Guérette ◽  
Stéphanie Cormier ◽  
Caroline Blais ◽  
Guillaume Lalonde-Beaudoin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Pain Recognition ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract Studies on low-level visual information underlying pain categorization have led to inconsistent findings. Some are showing an advantage for low spatial frequency information (SFs) and others a preponderance of mid SFs. This study aims to clarify this gap in knowledge since these results have different theoretical and practical implications, such as how far away an observer can be in order to categorize pain. This study addresses this question by using two complementary methods: a data-driven method without a priori about the most useful SFs for pain recognition and a more ecological method that simulates the distance of stimuli presentation. We reveal a broad range of important SF for pain recognition starting from low to relatively high SFs and showed that performance is optimal in a short to medium distance (1.2 to 4.8 meters) but declines significantly when mid SFs are no longer available. This study reconciles previous results that show an advantage of LSFs over HSFs when using arbitrary cutoffs, but above all reveal the prominent role of mid-SFs for pain recognition across two experimental tasks.

scholarly journals DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE BEHAVIOR: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2089-2098
Author(s):  
T. Montecchi ◽  
N. Becattini
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Global Sustainability ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Sustainable Behavior ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe article stems from the main informative gaps of Design for Sustainable Behaviour and discusses the paramount role of a data-driven approach to inform design. The article stresses how quantitative data can address global sustainability, determine behaviours to modify, measure the impact of new learned sustainable behaviours as well as support the definition of behaviour change strategies, widening the spatial and temporal scales to communities and longitudinal studies and reducing unpredictable biases coming from tacit knowledge externalization and interpretation.

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