scholarly journals Interpreters and interpreting in conflict zones and scenarios: A historical perspective

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Ruiz Rosendo ◽  
Clementina Persaud
Keyword(s):  
Language Brokering ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Special Volume ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
Linguistic Backgrounds ◽  
Shed Light

This article presents an overview of interpreting in conflict zones and scenarios in different periods of history as represented in the papers included in the special issue. Conflict between parties with different cultural and linguistic backgrounds is pervasive in human history and has always involved interpreters in the sense of intercultural and linguistic mediators. Although interpreting became highly professionalized from the second half of the twentieth century, language brokering in conflict zones is still an unregulated occupation mainly pursued by untrained interpreters. Furthermore, there is a lack of recognition of the specific role that interpreters in conflict situations play. In spite of an increasing awareness of the role of interpreters in conflict zones and an expanding scholarly literature on the subject, we believe that more studies adopting a historical standpoint are needed. The aim of this special volume is to shed light on the characteristics, ideology, status, neutrality, occupation, role in the different stages of the conflict, training issues, and working practices and procedures of interpreters in conflict zones.

scholarly journals Prologue: Language Challenges in the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-437
Author(s):  
Megan E. Birney ◽  
Janin Roessel ◽  
Karolina Hansen ◽  
Tamara Rakić
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Linguistic Backgrounds ◽  
Shed Light

As immigration and mobility increases, so do interactions between people from different linguistic backgrounds. Yet while linguistic diversity offers many benefits, it also comes with a number of challenges. In seven empirical articles and one commentary, this Special Issue addresses some of the most significant language challenges facing researchers in the 21st century: the power language has to form and perpetuate stereotypes, the contribution language makes to intersectional identities, and the role of language in shaping intergroup relations. By presenting work that aims to shed light on some of these issues, the goal of this Special Issue is to (a) highlight language as integral to social processes and (b) inspire researchers to address the challenges we face. To keep pace with the world’s constantly evolving linguistic landscape, it is essential that we make progress toward harnessing language’s power in ways that benefit 21st century globalized societies.

scholarly journals Built Heritage Attractions in Cultural Tourism: the case of Al - Mustansiriya Madrassa, Baghdad

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Huda Adil Abdulhameed Al-Obaidi ◽  
Osamah AbdulMunem Al-Tameemi
Keyword(s):  
Investment Project ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

This research deals with the subject of Built heritage attractions in Muslim historical building, for what it represents, as an element dealing with Cultural tourism, in the process of developing tourism industry of the city. The location of Mustansiriya Madrassa in Baghdad’s commercial district could make it a profitable investment project to revive a cultural, artistic and tourist centre that could make it a cultural Tourism haven. The problem emerges through, how the role of built heritage to attract tourists in order to give vitality and liveability to the cultural tourism destination such as Al - Mustansiriya Madrassa which is one of the most popular heritage destinations, a historic school building situated in the ancient Abbasid district of Rusafa in the very heart of Baghdad. Therefore, the research's aim is to shed light on the heritage attraction as a mean to clarify the meaning of Cultural Tourism and specifying its definition. This research explains how the built heritage plays an important role in tourism in general and in the cultural tourism in particular because they attract tourists and provides a sustainable economic resource through its inclusion of values that make it distinct from other sources of attraction.

scholarly journals The Past and its Possibilities in Nahḍa Scholarship

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-287
Author(s):  
Feras Krimsti ◽  
John-Paul Ghobrial
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The Many ◽  
Historical Reflection ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract This introduction to the special issue “The Past and its Possibilities in Nahḍa Scholarship” reflects on the role of the past in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century nahḍa discourse. It argues that historical reflection played a pivotal role in a number of scholarly disciplines besides the discipline of history, notably philosophy and logic, grammar and lexicography, linguistics, philology, and adab. Nahḍawīs reflected on continuities with the past, the genealogies of their present, and the role of history in determining their future. The introduction of print gave new impulses to the engagement with the historical heritage. We argue for a history of the nahḍa as a de-centred history of possibilities that recovers a wider circle of scholars and intellectuals and their multiple and overlapping local and global audiences. Such a history can also shed light on the many ways in which historical reflection, record-keeping practices, and confessional, sectarian, or communalist agendas are entwined.

scholarly journals Evaluating the role of formulation in counselling psychology: A systematic literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Harriet Challoner ◽  
Fani Papayianni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Training Institutions ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Counselling Psychology

Despite the importance placed upon the concept and act of formulation across multiple therapeutic approaches, there is a lack of literature from within the profession of counselling psychology directly on the role, use and practice of formulation, with existing literature predominantly emanating from the related yet distinct therapeutic fields of counselling, psychotherapy, clinical psychology or psychiatry. This, in conjunction with the controversies and lack of consensus on the subject, as well as the demands of the professional and regulatory bodies, have led to this paper. Our aim is to shed light on the role that formulation plays within the profession under the lens of counselling psychology’s philosophical underpinnings. More specifically, this systematic review investigates whether formulation may be considered as fact or opinion; whether formulations across therapeutic approaches may be cohesive or divisive within counselling psychology practice; whether formulations should be undertaken inclusively with clients and other professionals or exclusively by the practitioner. Such exploration uncovers key areas of debate and potential considerations for the profession regarding how formulation is approached, utilised in clinical practice and, taught by training institutions.

Introduction: Neglecting, Rediscovering and Thinking Again about Power in Finance

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Moran ◽  
Anthony Payne
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Political Science ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Political Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The articles in this special issue survey comparatively the shape of power and finance. The introduction sketches the history of the study of the political role of financial markets and examines the reasons for the comparative neglect of the subject by the discipline of political science.

The role of sex in cardiac function and diseaseThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigator's Forum.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Czubryt ◽  
Leon Espira ◽  
Lise Lamoureux ◽  
Bernard Abrenica
Keyword(s):  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Isolated Cardiomyocytes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

In the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to the importance of sex in the etiology of cardiac dysfunction. While focus has been primarily on how sex modulates atherogenesis, it is becoming clear that sex is both a predictor of outcome and an independent risk factor for a number of other cardiac diseases. Animal models and human studies have begun to shed light on the mechanisms by which sex influences the function of cardiomyocytes in health and disease. This review will survey the current literature on cardiac diseases that are influenced by sex and discuss the intracellular mechanisms by which steroid sex hormones affect heart function. A theory on how sex may regulate myocardial energy metabolism to affect disease susceptibility and progression will be presented, as well as a discussion of how sex may influence outcomes of experiments on isolated cardiomyocytes by epigenetic marking.

scholarly journals AN OVER VIEW OF ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION FROM THE CONTRACTUAL PERSPECTIVE IN EUROPE

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Asif Khan ◽  
Ali Raza Ansari ◽  
Nishan-E-Hyder Soomro ◽  
Ahmed Arafa
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alternate Dispute Resolution ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Eu

The Alternative Dispute Resolution ("ADR") is an alternative conflict settlement strategy. It follows the main objective of solving conflicts between parties stunningly through the help of independent professionals and renowned personalities. Today the role of the ADR is more important, and the number of agreements with ADR is increasing. One of the reasons for this development is that the ADR is usually more efficient and time-saving compared to normal justice delivering procedures. The current paper examines the most popular techniques for the solution of alternative disputes within the EU, through mediation. This paper associates ADR development and the European Law Legislative International Trade Conciliation (2002) along with other Laws and ADR services, such as ICC and different Laws related to the services. It then conjointly makes comparisons between the bound “member state” MS Courts to observe problems concerning ADR. Additionally, it recognizes the ADR in the light of the right to valid remedy (European Union Principles). To administer a deep insight into the subject, the paper describes additionally the ADR origin, its features, and relevance. Hence, this paper will shed light on the issues faced by parties in ADR concerning agreements and shall thereby, provide a solution to overcome the same.

scholarly journals Perspectivas sobre a argumentação: breve panorama / Perspectives on argumentation: brief overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2175
Author(s):  
Helcira Maira Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
María Alejandra Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Digital Discourse ◽  
Social Discourses ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
Shed Light

Resumo: A Retórica de Aristóteles (1998) foi retomada e ressignificada pelas teorias da argumentação contemporâneas. Cada uma delas se apropria dessa herança de modo a alavancar, a partir dos anos de 1990, uma intensa produção de pesquisas. Na atualidade, em um movimento que visa à melhor compreensão dos discursos sociais, em especial, da polêmica, do papel das emoções no discurso, da violência verbal, de discursos de ódio, entre outros, assistimos ao resgate do pensamento aristotélico em problemáticas da argumentação, a partir de um necessário diálogo com os trabalhos produzidos sobre o discurso midiático, político e, em especial, sobre o discurso digital. Nessa seara, sem a pretensão de esgotar o assunto, nosso propósito é apresentar no artigo um panorama dos estudos em argumentação que circulam nas pesquisas contemporâneas, além de lançar algumas luzes à reflexão sobre o papel da argumentação nesse espaço digital, assim como na configuração e na circulação desses discursos.Palavras-chave: argumentação; discursos digitais; análise do discurso.Abstract: Aristotle's Rhetoric was taken up and given a new meaning by contemporary theories of argumentation. Each one of them appropriates this heritage in order to leverage, from the 1990s onwards an intense production of research. Currently, in a movement aimed at better understanding social discourses, especially polemics, the role of emotions in discourse, verbal violence, hate speeches, among others, we are witnessing the rescue of Aristotelian thought in argumentation issues, from a necessary dialogue with the works produced on the media and political discourse and, in particular, on the digital discourse. In this field, without intending to exhaust the subject, our purpose is to present in the article an overview of the studies in argumentation that circulate in contemporary research, in addition to shed light on the role of argumentation in this digital space, as well as in the configuration and in the circulation of these discourses.Keywords: argumentation; digital discourse; discourse analysis.

Special Issue on Managing Catastrophic Technological Risks and Role of Technology Assessment (TA) in the Post 3/11 Society

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsujiro Suzuki ◽  
Go Yoshizawa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Societal Impacts

The nuclear accident at Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCo)’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant on March 11, 2011, triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent Tsunami, is probably the worst “catastrophic technological risk” ever experienced by Japan. Whether this serious accident could have been prevented or managed better is the key question that we need to pursue. Technology Assessment (TA), which is intended to help decision making by assessing possible societal impacts of particular technology, can play significant role in managing catastrophic technological risks by providing an objective assessment of technological risks before it happens, while it is happening and even after the accident. In this special issue on TA, we are fortunate to have papers and reviews from both distinguished experts as well as young scholars. The variety of the subject is also very useful to see how TA can be applied under the different situations. In particular, in the post 3.11 society, we believe it is a good occasion to consider institutionalization of TA in Japan.

scholarly journals Sexual selection and magic traits in speciation with gene flow

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria R. Servedio ◽  
Michael Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Magic Traits

Abstract The extent to which sexual selection is involved in speciation with gene flow remains an open question and the subject of much research. Here, we propose that some insight can be gained from considering the concept of magic traits (i.e., traits involved in both reproductive isolation and ecological divergence). Both magic traits and other, “non-magic”, traits can contribute to speciation via a number of specific mechanisms. We argue that many of these mechanisms are likely to differ widely in the extent to which they involve sexual selection. Furthermore, in some cases where sexual selection is present, it may be prone to inhibit rather than drive speciation. Finally, there are a priori reasons to believe that certain categories of traits are much more effective than others in driving speciation. The combination of these points suggests a classification of traits that may shed light on the broader role of sexual selection in speciation with gene flow. In particular, we suggest that sexual selection can act as a driver of speciation in some scenarios, but may play a negligible role in potentially common categories of magic traits, and may be likely to inhibit speciation in common categories of non-magic traits.

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