Estimation Of Salivary Superoxide Dismutase Level In Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinical And Biochemical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Humera Akhlaq ◽  
Muhammad Owais Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Samad
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Healthy Controls

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the salivary Superoxide dismutase (mU/L) level among stage one patients of Oral sub mucous fibrosis and healthy controls. Study Design and Setting: It was a comparative cross sectional study design conducted at Outpatient clinic of Dental Department at Ziauddin University Hospital from January 2012 till December 2013. Methodology: Eighty histo-pathologically confirmed patients of clinical stage one Oral Sub mucosal fibrosis (OSMF) and eighty healthy controls were matched for age and gender to recruit in the study. Socio demographic information (i.e. age, gender, ethnicity, education and occupation), oral health status, measurement of mouth opening (mm) and Superoxide dismutase (mU/L) were recorded. The study was conducted after the approval granted from the ethical review committee of Ziauddin University Hospital. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM). Result: The standard mean (+/-SD) of Superoxide dismutase (mU/L) in both groups was 4.99 (+/-2.18). The mean of Superoxide dismutase (mU/L) in confirmed cases of oral sub mucosal fibrosis was 3.02 (+/-0.44) which was significantly lower as compared to the control group which was 6.96(+/-1.24) and the calculated p value was 0.001.The strong positive correlation was identified in mouth opening (mm) and superoxide dismutase (0.842). Conclusion: It was concluded that the levels of salivary superoxide dismutase was significantly lower in the sample of OSMF and lower levels of superoxide dismutase (mU/L) was the indication of decrease in mouth opening among the cases of OSMF. Therefore, salivary superoxide dismutase can be used as a biomarker for the early detection as well as successful treatment of OSMF

scholarly journals Is suicidal ideation associated with allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis?

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Bedolla-Barajas ◽  
Norma Angélica Pulido-Guillén ◽  
Bolívar Vivar-Aburto ◽  
Jaime Morales-Romero ◽  
José Raúl Ortiz-Peregrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between suicidal ideation (SI) and allergic diseases in adults. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study involving individuals ranging from 20 to 50 years of age recruited from a university hospital in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico. We included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of allergic asthma, those with a confirmed diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, and healthy controls. All subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), which includes an item that evaluates the presence of suicidal thoughts or desires within the last two weeks, in order to identify SI. Results: The sample comprised 115 patients with allergic asthma, 111 patients with allergic rhinitis, and 96 healthy controls. The number of individuals identified with SI in the three groups were, respectively, 17 (14.8%), 13 (11.7%), and 8 (8.3%). Regarding the presence of SI, no statistically significant association was found in the allergic asthma group (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 0.78-4.64; p = 0.154) or in the allergic rhinitis group (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.58-3.68; p = 0.424) when they were compared with the control group. However, the presence of depression was associated with SI in the three groups: allergic asthma (OR = 12.36; 95% CI: 2.67-57.15; p = 0.001); allergic rhinitis (OR = 6.20; 95% CI: 1.66-23.14; p = 0.006); and control (OR = 21.0; 95% CI: 3.75-117.36; p < 0,001). Conclusions: In comparison with the control group, no association was found between SI and the groups with allergic diseases. In contrast, there was association between SI and depression in the three groups.

scholarly journals Recurrent Miscarriage and Consanguinity among Omani Women– A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Al Hoqani ◽  
Wadha Al Ghafri ◽  
Saneya El tayeb ◽  
Yahya Al Farsi ◽  
Vaidyanathan Gowri
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriages ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of

Objective: to determine the prevalence of explained and unexplained recurrent miscarriages (RM) and to find out if there is a significant relationship between recurrent miscarriages and consanguinity. Methods: A cross sectional in which the cases group included all women with RM attending the outpatient clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital from July 2006 to April 2012 and the controls group included women with no history of RM after matching them with cases for age (case to control ratio was 1:1). The main outcome measures were the prevalence of consanguinity in women with or without recurrent miscarriages. Results: During study period a total of 290 women with RM were seen. Of which, 150 (51.7%) women had unexplained RM. Control group with no history of RM were 300 women. Consanguinity rate among cases (49.5%) %) was less than the controls (52.7 %%). Both first cousin and second cousin marriages were more common in the controls than the cases and it was not statistically significant (p value 0.476, chi squared test). Conclusion: In this study we found that more than half of RM cases were unexplained and there was no significant association between RM and consanguinity.

scholarly journals Pemberian Ekstrak Floret Pisang Raja (Musa x paradisiaca) Mencegah Penurunan Kadar Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) pada Hati Mencit (Mus musculus) BALB/c dengan Aktivitas Fisik Berlebih

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Okky Irtanto ◽  
Alex Pangkahila ◽  
IGM Aman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test

Abstract: Overtraining accelerates aging due to the excessive production of free radicals that can cause oxidative stress. Banana floret extract contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity which can increase the body's defence to deal with the oxidative stress by increasing the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study was aimed to prove that the banana (Musa x paradisiaca) floret extract could prevent the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in overtraining-induced mice (Mus musculus) BALB/c liver. This was a true experimental study with the post-test only control group design. Subjects were 36 male mice (Mus musculus), BALB/c strain, 12 weeks old, weighing 20-22 g, which were divided into two groups with 18 mice each. The control group (P0) was treated with a placebo of 1 ml aquadest and overtrained for 14 days meanwhile the treatment group (P1) was treated with banana (Musa x paradisiaca) floret extract of 400 mg/kgBW/day and overtrained for 14 days. The results showed that after 14-day treatment, the mean SOD level in the liver tissue of the P0 group was 568.82±9.558 U/mg protein whereas in the P1 group was 588.37±10.629 U/mg protein (P < 0.01). The t-independent test showed a t value of -5.804 and a P value of 0.000 which indicated that after treatment, the levels of SOD in liver tissue of both groups were significantly different. Conclusion: Banana (Musa x paradisiaca) floret extract could prevent the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the liver tissue of overtraining-induced mice (Mus musculus) BALB/c.Keywords: banana floret, SOD, liver, overtrainingAbstrak: Aktivitas fisik berlebih mempercepat penuaan karena meningkatkan produksi radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Ekstrak floret pisang mengandung senyawa bioaktif dengan kapasitas antioksidan yang dapat meningkatkan pertahanan tubuh dalam menghadapi stres oksidatif melalui peningkatan kadar superoksida dismutase (SOD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian ekstrak floret pisang raja (Musa x paradisiaca) dapat mencegah penurunan kadar SOD pada hati mencit (Mus musculus) BALB/c dengan aktivitas fisik berlebih. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan post test only control group design. Subjek penelitian ialah 36 ekor mencit (Mus Musculus) BALB/c, jantan, berumur 12 minggu, berat badan 20-22 gr, yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok masing-masing berjumlah 18 ekor mencit. Kelompok kontrol (P0) diberikan plasebo berupa aquadest sebanyak 1 ml dengan aktivitas fisik berlebih selama 14 hari, dan kelompok perlakuan (P1) diberikan ekstrak floret pisang raja (Musa x paradisiaca) dosis 400 mg/kgBB mencit per hari dicampur aquadest hingga 1 ml dengan aktivitas fisik berlebih selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kadar SOD jaringan hati pada kelompok kontrol (P0) sesudah perlakuan (post-test) ialah 568,82±9,558 U/mg protein, sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan (P1) ialah 588,37± 10,629 U/mg protein. Analisis kemaknaan dengan T-Independent mendapatkan nilai t= -5,804 dan nilai P = 0,000 yang menunjukkan bahwa sesudah perlakuan (post-test), kadar SOD jaringan hati pada kedua kelompok berbeda sangat bermakna. Simpulan: Ekstrak floret pisang raja (Musa x paradisiaca) dapat mencegah penurunan kadar SOD pada hati mencit (Mus musculus) BALB/c dengan aktivitas fisik berlebih.Kata kunci: floret pisang raja, SOD, hati, aktivitas fisik berlebih

Assessment of Degree of Association Between Markers of Oxidative Stress in Lead Poisoned Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2952-2954
Author(s):  
Roomisa Anis ◽  
Misbah-ul- Qamar ◽  
Ayesha Shafqat ◽  
Ayesha Aftab ◽  
Zarafshan Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Degree Of Association

Lead (Pb) is an abundant and one of the most lethal metals found in the earth’s crust. Its use by humans dates back to thousands of year. Even the low doses of lead are responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species which leads to oxidative load. This oxidative stress mitigates production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and down regulates antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Study Design: Quasi experimental Study. Place and duration of study: Department of Biochemistry, ANMCH, Islamabad, Pakistan in collaboration with NIH, Islamabad from November, 2018 to April, 2019. Methodology: A total of 40 BALB/c mice were divided into two groups of 20 mice each. Group  was given normal standard diet. Group  was given lead acetate in drinking water with normal diet without any supplementation. Levels of malondialdehyde were measured by using Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) was estimated by xanthine oxidase method at the end of study. Results: The results of our study showed increase in MDA and decrease in SOD in lead treated group when compared with the control group. Pearson correlation was applied to assess the degree of association between two parameters, it showed significant negative correlation with value of r = -0.96 and p-value of 0.001 Conclusion: It was concluded from our study that increase in MDA leads to decrease in SOD indicating strong negative correlation in lead poisoned mice. Key words: Lead poisoning, Malondialdehyde, Oxidative Stress, Superoxide Dismutase

scholarly journals Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphism in oral submucous fibrosis subjects - A preliminary study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devishree V Rai ◽  
Kruthika S Guttal ◽  
Bhusan B Kulkarni ◽  
Shivaprakash Hiremath ◽  
Krishna N Burde
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Vegf Gene ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis

Background: Oral Submucous Fibrosis is one of the oral potentially malignant disorders presenting with progressive restriction in mouth opening. The condition having a high malignant transformation rate necessitates identification of biomarkers to be employed for early detection of malignant change. This will influence the prognosis in addition to adding better quality of life to patients.Aims and Objectives: To relate the association of VEGF -460C/T polymorphism in patients with OSMF and to compare the same among healthy subjects.Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with Oral submucous fibrosis and 20 controls free from habits and any form of lesions were included in the study. The polymorphism of VEGF gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis.Results: Sixty-four percent of the population in the study was in the age group of 21-40 yrs suggesting the prominence of disease in younger individuals with male predominance. With reference to polymorphism, 6.67% of the subjects from OSMF group showed CT polymorphism and 16.67% showed TT polymorphism. There were no statistically significant differences in the polymorphism between the study group and controls. However the frequency of T allele in the patient group 12 (20%) was greater than that in the control group 1 (2.5%), which was a significant finding. There was no association between the habits, frequency of habits, duration of quid placement, site of quid placement and style of chewing with the nature of polymorphism. Conclusion: VEGF 460C/T has the potential to be used as a prognostic marker in predicting the malignant transformation of OSMF.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 10-16

scholarly journals PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION;

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Khan ◽  
Amin Fahim ◽  
Aneela Qureshi ◽  
Ghulam Shah Nizamani ◽  
Mohammad Ahmed Azmi
Keyword(s):  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Mild Preeclampsia ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: To assess the early detection of thrombocytopenia in womenpresenting with varying degree of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Study Design: A casecontrol study. Place of Study: Hematology laboratory Isra University Hospital Hyderabad.Duration of Study: From July 2009 to December 2010. Materials and Methods: Total 130pregnant women were included in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups asGroup 1 with pre-eclampsia, Group 2 with eclampsia and Group 3 with normotensive pregnantwomen as control group. The Group 1 was further divided into two sub groups such as Subgroup1a with mild preeclampsia and Sub-group 2b with severe pre-eclampsia. Results:Anticoagulated whole blood samples (5cc) from all subjects were analyzed for the detection ofthrombocytopenia for the possible involvement of pregnancy induced hypertension. It was notedthat out of total subjects, 33(25.39%) had mild pre-eclampsia, 17(13.07%) had severe preeclampsia,15(11.54%) had eclampsia and 65 (50.0%) were normotensive pregnant women.Based on the comparative findings, the results showed significant differences between group 3and group 1a (p-value 0.001), group 3 and group 1b (p-value 0.001), group 2 and group 3 alsoshowed same results (p-value 0.001) but the subjects of group 1a and 1b when compared,showed non-significant findings (p value 0.955). Conclusion: The results suggested that earlydetection of platelet count provide significant role for the assessment of severity of disease inwomen with pregnancy induced hypertension when compared with normotensive pregnantwomen.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Post-Operative Analgesia Using Clonidine as an Adjuvant with Caudal Bupivacaine in Paediatric Patients Posted for Infraumbilical Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (35) ◽  
pp. 3005-3011
Author(s):  
Sinjini Agarwal ◽  
Neeta Chaudhari Verma ◽  
Amol P.S. ◽  
Pyarelal Pyarelal ◽  
Suzanna Elsa Varghese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Paediatric Surgery ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group B ◽  
Caudal Epidural

BACKGROUND Caudal epidural block is a highly popular method of administering analgesia to children undergoing infraumbilical surgeries. Addition of clonidine, a centrally acting alpha 2 agonist as an adjuvant to caudal bupivacaine has added advantages of providing prolonged post-operative analgesia and also, thus reducing the number of doses of post-operative rescue analgesics. In this study, we wanted to compare the efficacy and safety of caudally administered clonidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine. METHODS This was a prospective, comparative interventional study and was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia at JNMC, Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha in accordance with the guidelines and permission of the institutional ethical review board. The study was carried out with 40 patients in each group randomly allocated using computer generated software, posted for infraumbilical surgeries between the age group 2 years to 7 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II. Group B (control group) – Caudal epidural with 0.25 % bupivacaine 1 ml/kg + 1 ml normal saline. Group C (study group)- Caudal epidural with 0.25 % bupivacaine 1 ml/kg with clonidine 1 microgram/kg + 1 ml normal saline. RESULTS In our study, the mean duration of analgesia i.e. mean time for requirement of first rescue analgesia in group C was 9.9 ± 1.4 hours as compared to 4.7 ± 1.4 hours in group B (P < 0.0001). In this study, we used FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) pain scale with its 0 - 10 score range for assessing the pain intensity. At FLACC pain score 4 or more, first dose of rescue analgesic was given. This score was reached at 8.8 hours in Group C (mean FLACC score at 3.8 ± 0.7) and 3.6 hours in Group B (mean FLACC score 3.4 ± 0.9) with P value (= 0.014) (significant). Group C required significantly lesser number of rescue analgesics in comparison to Group B. The number of doses of rescue analgesics required in the Group B were definitely more than that in Group C wherein 62.5 % required 3 doses and 25 % required 4 doses of rescue analgesics. On the other hand, in Group C the number of patients requiring more than 2 doses of rescue analgesia was 0 % thus proving the efficacy of clonidine in prolonging post-operative analgesia. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that caudally administered clonidine, in a dose of 1 microgram/kg as an adjuvant to 0.25 % bupivacaine 1 ml/kg, proved to be efficacious in providing prolonged analgesia both intraoperatively and post-operatively. Also, we observed that this addition, reduced the requirement of post-operative rescue analgesia and its associated side effects. KEY WORDS Caudal Epidural, Infraumbilical Paediatric Surgery, Clonidine, Bupivacaine, Postoperative Analgesia

Evaluation of Serum Fetuin A in Psoriatic Patients and Its Correlation to Coronary Artery Disease

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan M Saleh ◽  
Samah I Hassen ◽  
Aliaa S Sheha ◽  
Nardeen N Eskander
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Calcium Scoring ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Fetuin A

Abstract Background Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease of the skin. It is a multifactorial disease with genetic background triggered by environmental factors and immunological mediators. Fetuin A is considered as a marker to detect cardiac risk. Aim of the work to evaluate Fetuin A level in psoriatic patients and its correlation to coronary artery calcification and cardiovascular risks. Methods This is a case control comparative study was conducted at Dermatology outpatient clinic, during the period from January 2019 to November 2019. The Forty eight patients who were recruited in this study were classified to two groups, Group A (cases group): included twenty four patients presented clinically with chronic generalized psoriasis randomly selected from Dermatology outpatient clinics of Ain Shams University Hospital. Group B (control group): included twenty four age and sex matched healthy volunteers who were nonsmokers, non-alcoholics and don’t suffer any systemic or organic illness. Results Our results showed no significant correlation between levels of Fetuin A and age, sex, BMI or serum levels of TG or total cholesterol among psoriatic patients. In addition, negative correlation was found between Fetuin A and calcium scoring CT scan where the median serum plasma level of Fetuin A was found to be significantly decreased in cases with plaque psoriasis with increasing calcium score, with p-value &lt; 0.001 and r = -0.928. Also, there is no significant correlation was found between levels of calcium scoring and age, sex, BMI or serum levels of TG or total cholesterol nor PASI scoring among psoriatic patients. Conclusion Fetuin A and Ca scoring CT scan appear to be a useful, simple, and noninvasive examination to investigate the presence of subclinical calcification in coronary blood vessel even in psoriatic patients who seem to be otherwise healthy.

scholarly journals Levels of Malondialdehyde and Superoxide Dismutase in Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Cetinkaya ◽  
Ergul Belge Kurutas ◽  
Mehmet Akif Buyukbese ◽  
Bulent Kantarceken ◽  
Ertan Bulbuloglu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Antioxidative Response ◽  
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

We aimed to determine whether patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) are subject to oxidative stress. Twenty-two women and 8 men having endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism for a duration of at least 6 months, and 21 women and 9 men healthy controls were included in this study. We measured the level of plasma malondialdehyde, as one of the lipid peroxidation markers, and the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, which is an antioxidant enzyme. The activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and plasma malondialdehyde levels were found to be significantly higher in subjects with subclinical hyperthyroidism than the control group (P<.01). The results of this study suggest that oxidative stress and antioxidative response could be increased in patients having subclinical hyperthyroidism.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Pentoxifylline in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis patients: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette M. Bhambal ◽  
Ajay Bhambal ◽  
U. S. Shukla ◽  
Aashna Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
U Value ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder largely seen in the South-Asian countries where areca nut is found to be the main predisposing factor. Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative, has vasodilating properties and is believed to increase the vascularity of the mucosal layer. This study was designed to determine the effect of pentoxifylline (Trental) on the clinical progression of oral submucous fibrosis. Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of drug pentoxifylline in the management of OSMF and to correlate the clinical parameters evaluated before and after treatment. Methods Study Design: This investigation was conducted as a case-control study incorporating a Control Group in comparison to a Study Group where pentoxifylline 400 mg was administered 3 times daily, as coated, sustained-release tablets for prescribed for 3 months. The stipulated period for the study was 8 months and a total of 80 cases of oral submucous fibrosis (40 test subjects and 40 controls) were included in this study and 100% acquiescence was reported at the end of the test period. Results Mild dizziness and gastric irritation were the only untoward symptoms reported in 2 of the volunteers in the study group during this trial. These were managed by diet protocols. A review of the patients and controls was done at an interval of every 4 weeks for 3 months. The subjective and objective measurements were recorded. The follow-up data at each visit concerning each other and to base-line values were calibrated using nonparametric tests of the Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney. Significant comparisons with regard to improvement were recorded as objective criteria of mouth opening (u value =1.137, p = 0.260), tongue protrusion (u value = 0.262, p = 0.794 and cheek flexibility (u value =0.990, p = 0.326). Subjective symptoms of burning sensation of mouth (U value = 2.673, p = 0.008), pain on opening the mouth (U value = 4.320, p < 0.0001), difficulty in swallowing and difficulty in the speech were also recorded. Conclusion This study showed the effectiveness of pentoxifylline as an additional therapy in the routine management of oral submucous fibrosis.

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