scholarly journals Heterogeneity in ‘High Fertility’ Societies. Insights From Compositional Demography

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Hilde Bras
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Different Characteristics

Demographic transition theory has been conducive to a rather dichotomous view of global fertility: traditional versus modern, high versus low fertility. The knowledge that high fertility could be achieved by subpopulations with different characteristics and reproductive behaviors somehow vanished from (historical) demographers' attention. This study unpacks heterogeneity in a 'high fertility' society, i.e. 19th-century Zeeland, the Netherlands. Sequence and cluster analysis were employed to distinguish groups with disparate reproductive trajectories with data from Genlias/LINKS including 15,014 full birth histories and 87,204 observed live births over the period 1811–1911. Multilevel binomial logistic regression models of membership of the two discerned high fertility subgroups were then estimated. The 'Traditional 1' subpopulation, with 10.5 children per woman on average, was composed of skilled, unskilled, and farm workers living in rural areas. Couples married early and were characterized by large spousal age gaps. The 'Traditional 2' subpopulation had on average 7.2 children per woman, more often lived in towns, married significantly later, and had more equal gender relations. Compositional demography, revealing subpopulations with divergent cultures of marital self-restraint and reproductive management, not only nuances previous (historical) demographic findings, but may well offer more tools to develop family planning and reproductive health policies than the demographic transition model does.

scholarly journals SUATU PENDEKATAN ANALISIS MULTIVARIAT TENTANG TINGKAT KELAHIRAN PADA BEBERAPA KELOMPOK DAN ETNIS WANITA PERNAH KAWIN DI IRIAN JAYA

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter J. Soumokil
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Lower Fertility

It has been argued by many demographers that socio economic development with its associated fundamental changes in the role of women and the value of children is the dominant factor in the transition from high to low fertility. Research in less developed countries has found lower fertility levels in urban population compared to rural population. It was therefore assumed that the modernizing role of urbanlife helped bring about a decline infertility levels.This study in Irian Jaya, however, convincingly shows that fertility of urban women in Irian Jaya is higher than that of rural women. This differential infertility in favour of urban women in Irian Jaya appears to be real and not a result of underreporting of total live births in rural areas.The reasons for lower fertility in the rural areas in IrianJaya remain unknown, and more research is therefore needed. However, this study strongly suggests that the traditional system of swidden agricultyure in Irian Jaya, which places a highvalue on the labour input of women, may play a major role in constraining fertility in rural area of this province. On the other hand, high fertility in urban areas takes place because urbanwomen have their first birth earlier thanwomen inthe rural areas.

scholarly journals Population dynamics and economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Andrea Caravaggio ◽  
Luca Gori ◽  
Mauro Sodini
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Time Optimal ◽  
Per Capita

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>This research develops a continuous-time optimal growth model that accounts for population dynamics resembling the historical pattern of the demographic transition. The Ramsey model then becomes able to generate multiple determinate or indeterminate stationary equilibria and explain the process of the transition from a state with high fertility and low income per capita to a state with low fertility and high income per capita. The article also investigates the emergence of damped or persistent cyclical dynamics.</p>

The Demographic Transition

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansley J. Coale
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Industrial State ◽  
Simple Link

Demographic transition is a set of changes in reproductive behaviour that are experienced as a society is transformed from a traditional pre-industrial state to a highly developed, modernized structure. The transformation is the substitution of slow growth achieved with low fertility and mortality for slow growth maintained with relatively high fertility and mortality rates. Contrary to early descriptions of the transition, fertility in pre-modem societies was well below the maximum that might be attained. However, it was kept at moderate levels by customs (such as late marriage or prolonged breast-feeding) not related to the number of children already born. Fertility has been reduced during the demographic transition by the adoption of contraception as a deliberate means of avoiding additional births. An extensive study of the transition in Europe shows the absence of a simple link of fertility with education, proportion urban, infant mortality and other aspects of development. It also suggests the importance of such cultural factors as common customs associated with a common language, and the strength of religious traditions. Sufficient modernization nevertheless seems always to bring the transition to low fertility and mortality.

scholarly journals Two centuries of demographic change in Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Barry Edmonston
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Negative Population

One key aspect of the demographic transition—the shift from high mortality and high fertility to low mortality and low fertility is a major change in the population’s age distribution from a pyramid-shaped young age structure to a pillar-shaped old age structure. This paper discusses two demographic processes affected by changes in age structure. First, there are effects on vital rates, with important differences in the observed crude rates and the implied intrinsic vital rates. Second, changes in age structure influence population momentum. More recently, demographers have noted that older age distributions associated with fertility levels below replacement have negative population momentum. Although the demographic transition has been well-described for many countries, demographers have seldom analyzed intrinsic vital rates and population momentum over time, which are dynamic processes affected by changes in the population age structure and which, in turn, influence future changes in population growth and size. This paper uses new data and methods to analyze intrinsic vital rates and population momentum across two centuries of demographic change in Canada 

scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES IN MALAYSIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Elsawahli ◽  
Faizah Ahmad ◽  
Azlan Shah Ali
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Development Goals

As a developing country, Malaysia is undergoing a demographic transition from a high fertility and mortality rural society towards an industrialised society with low fertility and mortality rates. This transition involved an increased growth rate of elderly population. The number of elderly has risen from 1.4 million in 2000 to 2.1 million in 2010 and is projected to be 3.4 million by 2020. A population aging needs to accumulate assets in order to achieve sustainable development goals. This represents the main challenge to planners and policy makers in terms of designing aged-friendly neighbourhoods to meet the elderly needs. This paper aims to review the population aging trends and policy framework available for the elderly in Malaysia. The paper further discusses the sustainable neighbourhoods related to active aging. The paper concludes by identifying fundamental gaps in both knowledge and policy associated with planning for the aging population and successful aging.

scholarly journals Patterns of Energy Consumption in Polish One-Person Households

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5699
Author(s):  
Marlena Piekut
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Different Characteristics

Poland belongs to a group of countries with the highest share of expenditure on energy carriers in total household expenditure among the EU-28 countries. This fact adversely affects the quality of life of Polish citizens. One of the types of households which are most severely burdened with expenditure on energy carriers are households run by a single person. The scientific objective of the study was to identify the consumption patterns of energy carriers in Polish one-person households. The findings of the research were used to assess the correlation between the risk of energy poverty and particular socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the representatives of these households. Many statistical methods were used to achieve the research goal: analysis of variance, regression analysis, and cluster analysis. An aggregated index of energy comfort has been designed. Social factors, such as the level of education and the fact of holding non-manual positions, are strongly related to the level of expenditure on energy carriers and the degree of satisfaction of the needs related to the thermal comfort. The types of one-person households particularly vulnerable to energy poverty were individuals who had a number of different characteristics. The group included individuals who were unemployed, disabled, with low disposable income, with a low education level, living in the rural areas as well as elderly people. Polish one-person households can be divided into four groups according to the expenditure on energy carriers and meeting their needs related to thermal comfort.

6. The demographic transition—centrepiece of demography

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Sarah Harper
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Causal Models ◽  
Transition Theory ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
The South ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The demographic transition is regarded as a centrepiece of demography. It is the series of changes that occur as countries evolve from a stable state of high mortality and high fertility to one of low mortality and low fertility, but its timing and drivers are strongly debated. ‘The demographic transition—centrepiece of demography’ explains that demographic transition theory can be divided into three broad components: first, the changes over time in mortality and fertility, based on clear data and therefore generally uncontested; second, and the most controversial, the construction of causal models to explain the timing, pace, and drivers of these changes; and third, the attempt to predict future changes especially for countries of the South.

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES IN MALAYSIA

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Elsawahli ◽  
Faizah Ahmad ◽  
Azlan Shah Ali
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Development Goals

As a developing country, Malaysia is undergoing a demographic transition from a high fertility and mortality rural society towards an industrialised society with low fertility and mortality rates. This transition involved an increased growth rate of elderly population. The number of elderly has risen from 1.4 million in 2000 to 2.1 million in 2010 and is projected to be 3.4 million by 2020. A population aging needs to accumulate assets in order to achieve sustainable development goals. This represents the main challenge to planners and policy makers in terms of designing aged-friendly neighbourhoods to meet the elderly needs. This paper aims to review the population aging trends and policy framework available for the elderly in Malaysia. The paper further discusses the sustainable neighbourhoods related to active aging. The paper concludes by identifying fundamental gaps in both knowledge and policy associated with planning for the aging population and successful aging.

ON-FARM FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS FOR NORTHLAND

1986 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
J.S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Financial Returns ◽  
Farm Forestry ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
On Farm

Agroforests and woodlots offer Northland hill country farmers investment and diversification opportunities. Agroforests have less effect on the "whole farm" financial position than woodlots, especially where a progressive planting regime is adopted and where no further borrowing is required. Establishment and tending costs for agro-forests are lower, and returns come much sooner. The proven opportunity for continued grazing under trees established in this manner, apart from a short post-planting period, further enhances the agroforesty option. Even where there is reluctance on a farmer's part to plant trees on high fertility land, the expected financial returns from agroforests on low and medium fertility land will increase the overall long-term profitability and flexibility of the whole farming operation. Woodlots may be more appropriate on low fertility areas where weed reversion is likely. Joint ventures may be worth considering where farm finances are a limited factor. Keywords: On-farm forestry development, Northland hill country, agroforestry, woodlots, diversification, joint ventures, progressive planting regimes, grazing availability.

Comparing infertility-related stress in high fertility and low fertility countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 100653
Author(s):  
Emily A. Groene ◽  
Cyrialis Mutabuzi ◽  
Dickson Chinunje ◽  
Ester Matson Shango ◽  
Shalini Kulasingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Related Stress
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document