scholarly journals Membership in and Presence of Voluntary Organisations during the Swedish Fertility Transition, 1880-1949

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 3-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Junkka
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Voluntary Organisations

This article investigates the association between, participation in, and exposure to voluntary organisations and marital fertility during the European fertility transition from 1880 to 1949. This is achieved using individual-level longitudinal demographic data from northern Sweden linked with individual-level information on voluntary organisation membership and contextual level information on organisation activity. How living near an organisation influenced fertility is measured using mixed effect Cox regressions. The association to participation for both men and women is tested by matching members to a control group through propensity score matching before estimating differences in risks of another birth using Cox regressions. The results show that being exposed to an organisation was related to lower fertility. Joining a union or a temperance organisation showed even stronger negative associations, but only for male members, while female members showed no significant difference in fertility. The results suggest that reproductive decisions were not simple responses by the individual couple to structural changes but were also shaped within the social networks of which they were a part.

Effect of Chewing Gum on Bowel Motility in Women Undergoing Post-Operative Cesarean Section

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Randa Mohammed AboBaker
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Bowel Motility ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Significant Difference

Postoperative Ileus (POI) is one of the most common problems after obstetrics, gynecologic and abdominal surgeries. Sham feeding, such as gum chewing, accelerates the return of bowel function and the length of hospital stay. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on bowel motility in women undergoing post-operative cesarean section. Intervention study was used at the Postpartum Department of Maternity and Children Hospital, KSA. A randomized controlled clinical trial research design. Through a convenience technique, 80 post Caesarian Section (CS) women were included in the study. Data were collected through three tools: Tool (I): Socio-demographic data and reproductive history interview schedule. Tool (II): Postoperative Assessment Sheet. Tool (III): Outcomes of gum chewing and the length of hospital stay.  Method: subjects were assigned randomly into two groups of (40) the experimental and (40) the control. Subjects in the study group were asked to chew two pieces of sugarless gum for 30 min/three times daily in the morning, noon, and evening immediately after recovery from anesthesia and in Postpartum Department; while subjects in the control group followed the hospital routine care. Each woman in both groups was tested abdominally using a stethoscope to auscultate the bowel sounds and asked to report immediately the time of either passing flatus or stool. Results: illustrated that a highly statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups concerning their gum chewing outcomes. Where, P = 0.000. The study concluded that gum chewing is safe, well tolerated and appears to be effective in reducing the incidence and consequences of POI following CS.

scholarly journals Association of interleukin-17A rs2275913 polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in Sudanese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110202
Author(s):  
Rgda Mohamed Osman ◽  
Mounkaila Noma ◽  
Abdallah Elssir Ahmed ◽  
Hanadi Abdelbagi ◽  
Rihab Ali Omer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Interleukin 17A ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. This study aimed to determine the association of interleukin-17A-197G/A polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis in Sudanese patients. Methods: A case–control study was conducted between March and December 2018. Clinical and demographic data of the study participants were collected and analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism molecular technique was done to investigate interleukin-17A-197G/A polymorphisms. All statistical tests were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results: The study population included 266 participants aged between 1 and 85 years, with an average of 40 years, classified into 85 (31.2%) cases (mean age 48.5 ± 11.3 years), and 181 (68.8%) controls (mean age 35.3 ± 15.9 years). The interleukin-17A homozygote AA genotype was more frequent among the control group compared to the case group; 95 (52.5%) and 7 (8.2%), respectively. The homozygote GG and the heterozygote AG genotypes were proportionally not different among the cases and control groups; 13 (54.2%) and 11 (45.8%), and 65 (46.4%) and 75 (53.6%), respectively. According to the distribution of interleukin-17A genotypes, a statistically significant difference was observed among cases with the interleukin-17A AA and AG genotypes, p values 0.001 and 0.004, respectively. For the association interleukin-17A genotypes and family history a negatively significant association was reported (95% confidence interval, –0.219, p value = 0.001). There was also a negatively significant association of interleukin-17A genotypes and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (95% confidence interval, −0.141, p value = 0.002). Conclusion: This study is the first study in Sudan established the association between interleukin-17A-197G/A (rs2275913) polymorphisms and susceptibly to rheumatoid arthritis. These findings appeal for further research in Sudan to investigate the exact role of IL-17A in immunopathology and disease severity among Sudanese rheumatoid arthritis

scholarly journals Interpersonal Comparisons of the Good: Epistemic not Impossible

Utilitas ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHEW COAKLEY
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Choice ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Interpersonal Comparisons ◽  
Individual Good ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Action Policy ◽  
Social Mind ◽  
The Individual

To evaluate the overall good/welfare of any action, policy or institutional choice we need some way of comparing the benefits and losses to those affected: we need to make interpersonal comparisons of the good/welfare. Yet sceptics have worried either: (1) that such comparisons are impossible as they involve an impossible introspection across individuals, getting ‘into their minds’; (2) that they are indeterminate as individual-level information is compatible with a range of welfare numbers; or (3) that they are metaphysically mysterious as they assume the existence either of a social mind or of absolute levels of welfare when no such things exist. This article argues that such scepticism can potentially be addressed if we view the problem of interpersonal comparisons as fundamentally an epistemic problem – that is, as a problem of forming justified beliefs about the overall good based on evidence of the individual good.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Serum Levels of Vitamin C, Uric Acid and Antioxidant Condition with Coronary Artery Diseases: a Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Torkzaban ◽  
Seyed Amir Mansour Alavi Naeini ◽  
Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽  
Mehrdad Namdari
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Coronary hearth diseases are among the main causes of death in adults. Increase of oxidative stress and defects in antioxidant defense play a major role in endothelium performance and are an effective factor in progress of atherosclerosis. Some studies have also reported different malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity among the atherosclerosis patients.Methods In this case-control study, 44 atherosclerosis patients referring to Shahid Madani treatment-education center were considered as the case group; while 44 healthy peoples were placed in the control group. Demographic data and anthropometric indices were measured. Food frequency questionnaire and international physical activity questionnaires were also completed. After 12 hours of fasting, 10 ml blood was sampled from the participants. Uric acid, vitamin C, TAC and MDA were also measured. The data were finally analyzed by SPSS Ver 22 software.Results A significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of uric acid (P<0.001) and vitamin C (P<0.03). However, mean MDA and TAC showed no significant difference between the two groups. The two groups’ difference in terms of vitamin A, E and beta carotene, zinc and selenium intake was not significant. A significant difference was however detected between the two groups in terms of vitamin C (P<0.047). A significant relationship was also observed between the systolic pressure and CHD (P<0.028).Conclusion Results of this study indicated that the uric acid and vitamin C levels of atherosclerosis patients had significant increase and decrease in comparison with the healthy subjects, respectively. Mean TAC and antioxidant levels of their diets (except for vitamin C) showed no significant difference. Systolic blood pressure of the patients was significantly higher than the controls.

scholarly journals Effectiveness Of Topical Application Of Chlorhexidine And Prevailing Practices On Episiotomy Wound Among Postnatal Mothers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rincy Michael ◽  
Soney N Toppo ◽  
Varsha Hariharan
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postnatal Mothers ◽  
Experimental Group

Puerperium is a period when the mother experiences intense physical and emotional stress due to exhaustion, anxiety and excitement. Each mother has to adjust to physical changes in her own body due to involution and lactation as well as cope up with the new demands on her time and emotions made by the new born baby. Episiotomy, despite evidences that it is an unnecessary intervention, is one of the most common surgical procedures performed during the second stage of labour, especially in primigravida woman. Thus, a randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of topical application of chlorhexidine and prevailing practices on episiotomy wound among postnatal mothers at selected hospital of Indore was undertaken. True experimental approach with pre test post test research design was adopted. Simple random sampling was taken to select 40 postnatal mothers with episiotomy wound and three days postpartum hospital stay in Choithram Hospital & Research Centre, Indore as per the inclusion criteria. Data was collected with help of questionnaire for socio demographic data and obstetrical data and the wound healing was assessed by REEDA wound healing assessment scale. Samples in the experimental group were applied with chlorhexidine on episiotomy wound and the samples in the control group received routine care with betadine or nadoxin. Post assessment score was taken on third day (evening) by REEDA wound assessment scale. Finding of the study related to effectiveness of chlorhexidine among postnatal mothers in experimental group revealed that there was a significant difference in the healing of episiotomy wound by the application of chlorhexidine among postnatal mothers in experimental group at t19 = 11.40 at the level of p< 0.001. Hence it was inferred that topical application of chlorhexidine on episiotomy wound promotes wound healing.

scholarly journals Effect of ginger tea on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients in selected hospitals, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171
Author(s):  
Sasmita Das ◽  
Mary Preety Banra ◽  
Neethu Maria Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Component ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Control

A quasi-experimental research study (posttest only research design) was conducted to evaluate the effect of ginger tea on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients in selected hospitals of Bhubaneswar and to find out the association of level of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting with selected socio-demographic variables. For this study, a quantitative experimental approach and post-test only research design was adopted. 100 patients were selected by convenience sampling technique and categorized into experimental (n=50) and control group (n=50) for this study. Self- structured socio-demographic proforma and self- structured record analysis proforma was used to collect socio-demographic data and modified nausea and vomiting scale was used to measure the level of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Science). The post-testt level of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among experimental and control groups was compared by unpaired‘t’ test and the result showed (p=<0.0001) significant difference between both groups. The chi-square analysis shows a statistically significance association between chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and the emetogenic potential of the drug in both groups and in control group age was also significance associated. The ANOVA test revealed the statistically significance of the posttest level of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting within groups of the emetogenic potential of a drug. The present study concluded that the food component, like ginger tea, is an effective home remedy for the reduction of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients. Further study can be conducted with a large population, different dose and compositions of ginger and with different adjuvant therapy to manage nausea and vomiting among cancer patients.

scholarly journals ESTILO DE VIDA E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL SISTÊMICA E DIABETES MELLITUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-373
Author(s):  
Elias Ferreira Porto ◽  
Claudia Kumpel ◽  
Anselmo Cordeiro de Souza ◽  
Izabel Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Karoline Mayara de Aquiles Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
General Health ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Perception ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

Avaliar o estilo de vida e percepção do estado geral de saúde em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 - DM, Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica - HAS e indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com grupo controle. Avaliado estilo de vida com Questionário Fantástico, e percepção geral de saúde via uma pergunta âncora de diabéticos do tipo 2 (n = 37), hipertensos (n = 60), e indivíduos saudáveis (n = 43). Análise estatística descritiva, analise de variância, e razão de chance (Odds Rattio – OR). Resultados: Verificou-se diferença significante (p0,0001) na pontuação do Questionário Fantástico entre os indivíduos saudáveis em relação DM e HAS. O pior desempenho no estilo de vida para os três grupos foi nos domínios de atividade física e alimentação. O risco do indivíduo com HAS afirmar que sua saúde é pior do que indivíduos da mesma faixa etária foi OR 1.8 (1.415 a 2.419) e para os indivíduos diabéticos OR de 2.8 (1.776 a 4.579) em relação a indivíduos saudáveis. Conclusão: Diabéticos e hipertensos têm um pior estilo de vida e percepção geral de saúde do que indivíduos saudáveis. Assim o estilo de vida saudável pode reduzir a prevalência e auxiliar no controle de doenças já estabelecidas.Palavras-chave: Estilo de vida. Hipertensão Arterial. Diabetes Mellitus. ABSTRACT: To evaluate the lifestyle and perception of general health status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - DM, systemic arterial hypertension - SAH and healthy individuals. Methods: Cross-sectional study with control group. (N = 37), hypertensive (n = 60), and healthy subjects (n = 43) were assessed using a Fantastic Questionnaire, and general health perception via an anchor question. Descriptive statistical analysis, analysis of variance, and odds ratio (Odds Rattio - OR). Results: There was a significant difference (p 0.0001) in the score of the Fantastic Questionnaire among healthy individuals in relation to DM and SAH. The worst lifestyle performance for the three groups was in the physical activity and feeding domains. The risk of the individual with SAH to state that their health is worse than individuals of the same age group was OR 1.8 (1.415 to 2.419) and for the diabetic individuals OR of 2.8 (1.776 to 4.579) in relation to healthy individuals. Conclusion: Diabetics and hypertensives have a worse lifestyle and overall health perception than healthy individuals. Thus the healthy lifestyle can reduce the prevalence and help in the control of already established diseases.Keywords: Lifestyle. Hypertension. Diabetes Mellitus.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Perceived Trust of False Abortion Websites: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarina Rebecca Chaiken ◽  
Lisa Han ◽  
Blair G Darney ◽  
Leo Han
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Perceived Trust ◽  
Neutral Site ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND The majority of patients use the internet to search for health information. While there is a vast repository of searchable information online, much of the content is unregulated and therefore potentially incorrect, conflicting, or confusing. Abortion information online is particularly prone to being inaccurate as anti-choice websites publish purposefully misleading information in formats that appear as neutral resources. To understand how anti-choice websites appear neutral, we need to understand the specific website features of anti-choice features that impart trust to viewers. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify characteristics of false or misleading abortion websites that make these websites appear trustworthy to the public. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using Amazon.com Inc’s Mechanical Turk platform. We used validated questionnaires to ask participants to rate eleven anti-choice sites and one neutral site identified by experts, focusing on site content, creators, and design. We collected socio-demographic data and participant views on abortion. We used a composite measure of “mean overall trust” as our primary outcome. Using correlation matrices, we determined which website characteristics were most associated with overall trust. Finally, we used linear regression to identify participant characteristics associated with overall trust. RESULTS Our analytic sample included 498 participants ranging from ages 22 to 70, 50.1% of whom identified as female. Across eleven anti-choice sites, creator trust (“I believe that the creators of this site are honest and trustworthy”) had the highest correlation coefficient with overall trust (0.70). Professional appearance (0.59), look and feel (0.59), perception that the information is created by experts (0.59), association with a trustworthy organization (0.58), valued features and functionalities (0.54), and interactive capabilities (0.52) all demonstrated strong relationships with overall trust. At the individual level, pro-choice leaning was associated with higher overall trust of the neutral site (B: -0.43, CI: -0.87, 0.01) and lower overall trust of the anti-choice sites (B: 0.52, CI: 0.05, .99). CONCLUSIONS The overall trustworthiness of anti-choice websites is most associated with design characteristics and perceived trustworthiness of the site creator. Those who believe that access to abortion should be limited are more likely to trust anti-choice websites.

scholarly journals Inflammatory and oxidative alterations of water immersion and epidural analgesia during the labor

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 598-602
Author(s):  
Ümit Yasemin Sert ◽  
Özlem Uzunlar ◽  
Nezaket Kadıoğlu ◽  
Tuba Candar ◽  
Yaprak Engin Üstün
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epidural Group ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Objective: Water immersion and epidural analgesia are both pain relief methods used to perceive less pain during the labor process. There are concerns about the maternal and fetal outcomes, although studies presented no significant complication directly related to these methods. We aimed to compare the IL-1 and 6 levels, Total serum oxidant (TOS), antioxidant (TAS) and catalase levels of births with epidural analgesia, water immersion and conventional birth without analgesia. Material and Methods: A total of 88 patients were included in the study (The water immersion group included 29 patients, while the epidural analgesia and control group included 30 and 29 patients respectively). Umblical cord IL-1, IL-6, catalase, TAS, TOS levels, neonatal Apgar scores, duration of birth process and demographic data were compared between three groups Results: There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of age, Body mass index (BMI), gravidity, parity, gestational week, and birth weight (p>0.05). TOS and IL-6 levels were significantly lower in epidural group than others (p=0.031, p=0.019 respectively). Apgar scores were significantly lower in epidural group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The water immersion and epidural analgesia were found to have no adverse effect on oxidative status and infection parameters of women.

scholarly journals Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Chronic Sinusitis with Polyps

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. E13-E18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Daval ◽  
Hervé Picard ◽  
Emilie Bequignon ◽  
Philippe Bedbeder ◽  
André Coste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

The relationship between otitis media with effusion (OME) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) remains unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 80 consecutively presenting patients—42 males and 38 females, aged 15 to 76 years (median: 48)—who were diagnosed with CRSwNP. Our aim was to ascertain the prevalence of OME in CRSwNP patients, to determine whether the severity of CRSwNP affected OME, and to identify risk factors for OME in CRSwNP patients. The severity of CRSwNP was assessed on the basis of nasal symptoms, endoscopic nasal examinations, and Lund-Mackay staging scores. In addition to demographic data, we obtained information on each patient's history of otitis, otoscopic findings, and the results of pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry. We then compared the data between CRSwNP patients with OME (n = 20) and those without (n = 60). In the OME group, a conductive hearing loss was present in 16 patients (80.0%); all patients in the control group had normal hearing. With regard to symptoms, only rhinorrhea appeared to be more common in patients with OME than in those without, although the difference was not statistically significant. We found no significant difference in nasal polyposis grades between the two groups. Also, we found no correlations between the risk of OME and previous surgical treatment, asthma, allergy, aspirin intolerance, aspirin and/or NSAID intolerance, aspirin and/or sulfite intolerance, and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Based on our findings, we conclude that OME occurs frequently during the evolution of CRSwNP, even when the nasal disease is well controlled. This finding suggests the possible presence, in OME and/or CRSwNP, of a global inflammatory process that involves the epithelium in both the middle ear and upper airway.

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