scholarly journals Without Television

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Keri A. Schwab ◽  
Barbara Brock
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Qualitative Responses ◽  
Television Study

The purpose of this follow-up study was to learn more about the leisure choices, hobbies, and lifestyles of young adults who had grown up without a television. Study participants responded to an online questionnaire that asked about their health, physical activity habits, hobbies, and level of current television viewing. A mixed methods approach to gathering and analyzing data revealed a picture of young adults who live active lives, watch little television, and appear to have a strong sense of personal agency to direct their lives. Themes of agency, including forethought and intentionality, and self-regulation were evident in the qualitative responses, as well as creation and choosing challenging hobbies or activities. This study provided much information for future research to examine the influence of television on youth development, specifically agency, challenge and life-long habits.

scholarly journals The discomfort of riding shotgun – Why many people don’t like to be co-driver

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ittner ◽  
Dominik Muehlbacher ◽  
Thomas H. Weisswange
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Classical Motion ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Human Machine Interfaces ◽  
Public Survey ◽  
Assistant Systems

This work investigates which conditions lead to co-driver discomfort aside from classical motion sickness, what characterizes uncomfortable situations and why these conditions lead to discomfort.The automobile is called a “passenger vehicle” as its main purpose is the transportation of people. However, passengers in the car are rarely considered in research about driving discomfort. The few studies in this area focus on driver discomfort, automated vehicles, and on driver assistant systems. An earlier public survey indicated that discomfort is also a relevant problem for co-drivers.An online questionnaire with N = 119 participants and a detailed follow up interview study with N = 24 participants were conducted.The results of the online questionnaire show that co-driver discomfort is a widespread problem (88 %). The results of the interviews indicate that the driving style is the only reason rated as very influential. Frequently mentioned reasons for discomfort are close following or fast driving. Uncomfortable situations were often perceived as safety critical. Participants also felt exposed to these situations. A model for possible cognitive origins of discomfort in co-drivers is proposed based on the study results.Co-driver discomfort is a common problem, highlighting the relevance of further research on supporting co-drivers. The reported correlations and the extension of theories from the areas of stress and self-regulation can help to explain the origin of this discomfort. The results provide a foundation for future design of interventions like human machine interfaces aiming at reducing co-driver discomfort.

scholarly journals Impact of Beef and Beef Product Intake on Cognition in Children and Young Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Ruopeng An ◽  
Sharon M Nickols-Richardson ◽  
Naiman Khan ◽  
Jianxiu Liu ◽  
Ruidong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Feeding Control ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency have been consistently linked to cognitive impairment among children and young adults. As a primary source of dietary animal protein, beef consumption holds the potential to improve diet quality and positively influence cognitive function. This study systematically reviewed evidence linking beef intake to cognition among children and young adults. (2) Methods: A literature search was conducted in seven electronic bibliographic databases for studies assessing the impact of beef consumption on cognition. (3) Results: We identified eight studies reporting results from five unique interventions. Two interventions were conducted in Kenya, two in the U.S. and one in four countries including Guatemala, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia. Only one intervention employed a non-feeding control arm and found beef consumption to improve cognitive abilities compared to the control. However, the other interventions comparing beef consumption to other food types found no consistent result. (4) Conclusions: Evidence pertaining to the impact of beef consumption on cognition remains limited due to the small and heterogeneous set of studies. Future research should adopt a population representative sample and longer follow-up period, employ a non-feeding control arm and comprehensively measure nutrient intakes among study participants.

Abstract P107: Serum Urate Trajectories in Young Adulthood and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events By Middle Age; The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (cardia) Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagisa Morikawa ◽  
Michael P. Bancks ◽  
Yuichiro Yano ◽  
Masanori Kuwabara ◽  
Angelo L. Gaffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: Higher levels of serum urate (UA) obtained on a single occasion have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among middle-aged or older adults. However, little is known regarding UA trajectory patterns during young adulthood and their associations with CVD outcomes by middle age. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that higher UA trajectory is associated with a higher risk for CVD events compared to lower UA trajectories. Methods: We included data from 4845 CARDIA Study participants (mean age at the Year 20 exam 44.8±3.7 (37-55) years; 50.8% African American; 55.6% female). Sex-specific UA trajectories were assessed using group-based trajectory modeling (PROC TRAJ in SAS version 9.4) based on UA levels obtained at baseline (Year 0) and 10, 15, 20 years later. Covariates included age, sex, race, and clinical characteristics at Year 20 (body mass index, diabetes and creatinine). We estimated hazard ratios (HR) for CVD events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) from Year 20 (2005-06) through 2017. Results: We identified 3 UA trajectories in men and 3 similar but lower UA trajectories in women, characterized by low-increasing (men: 30%; n=652, mean UA 5.1; women 43%, n=1191, mean UA 3.9), moderate-increasing (men: 52%; n=1290, mean UA 6.4; women 45%, n=1284, mean UA 5.0), and high-increasing UA (men: 17%; n=377, mean UA 8.0; women 12%, n=305, mean UA 6.4) (Figure 1). Sex-specific trajectories were pooled. Over a median follow-up of 10.9 years, 203 incident CVD events occurred. The adjusted HRs for CVD events were 0.98 (95%CI, 0.66-1.45) for the pooled moderate-increasing group and 1.77 (95%CI, 1.10-2.84) for the pooled high-increasing group compared to the pooled low-increasing group. Conclusions: High-increasing UA trajectory during young adulthood was associated with an greater risk of CVD events by middle age. Modeling UA trajectories may help identify young adults at higher risk for CVD events.

Parental and peer influences on smoking among young adults: ten-year follow-up of the Oslo youth study participants

Addiction ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISBET OYGARD ◽  
KNUT-INGE KLEPP ◽  
GRETHE S. TELL ◽  
ODD D. VELLAR
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Youth Study ◽  
Study Participants

Selection, optimization, and compensation

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. John Geldhof ◽  
Steinunn Gestsdottir ◽  
Kristjan Stefansson ◽  
Sara K. Johnson ◽  
Edmond P. Bowers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Similar Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Function ◽  
Older Populations

Intentional self-regulation (ISR) undergoes significant development across the life span. However, our understanding of ISR’s development and function remains incomplete, in part because the field’s conceptualization and measurement of ISR vary greatly. A key sample case involves how Baltes and colleagues’ Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) model of ISR, which was developed with adult populations, may be applied to understand and measure adolescent self-regulation. The tripartite structure of SOC identified in older populations has not been replicated in adolescent samples. This difference may be due to measurement issues. In this article, we addressed whether using a Likert-type format instead of a forced-choice format of the SOC Questionnaire resulted in a tripartite factor structure when used with an adolescent population. Using data from 578 late adolescents who participated in the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development (70.80% female), we showed that the two versions of the measure produced a similar factor structure and were similar in terms of reliability and validity, although the traditional forced-choice version provided data with slightly lower criterion validity. We therefore conclude that both types of the measure are acceptable, but the choice of measure may depend on the sample in question and the analytical approach planned for the findings. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research.

scholarly journals Making large changes or small changes to prevent weight gain in young adulthood: which is preferred and by whom?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline F Hayes ◽  
Deborah F Tate ◽  
Mark A Espeland ◽  
Jessica Gokee LaRose ◽  
Amy A Gorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Weight Gain Prevention ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Small Change

Abstract Knowledge of participant treatment preferences can inform decision-making regarding treatment dissemination and future participant adoption. To compare participant perceptions of two evidence-based approaches for weight gain prevention in young adults to identify the intervention with the greatest likelihood of adoption. As part of a randomized trial (Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention [SNAP]; n = 599) testing weight gain prevention interventions in young adults (18–35 years), individuals assigned to self-regulation interventions using either large changes or small changes reported on perceived personal effectiveness and difficulty of treatment over 3 years. Treatment satisfaction at 2-year follow-up was also reported. Pre-randomization, participants believed the large change intervention would be more personally effective than the small change intervention, although they also considered it more complex. Older age, lower body mass index (p = 0.056), and desire to maintain versus lose weight predicted greater perceived effectiveness of the small change relative to large change intervention. Over follow-up, the large change intervention was no longer perceived as more effective, but perceived effectiveness aligned with assigned treatment. The small change intervention was rated as less complex than the large change intervention at 4 months, but not at other follow-ups. At study conclusion, participants were largely satisfied with both treatments; however, in the small change intervention, individuals who were not successful at preventing weight gain were less satisfied than individuals who were successful. The large and small change interventions are both appropriate for dissemination with no clear advantages based on the participant perceptions.

scholarly journals Safety evaluation of a medical congress held during the COVID-19 pandemic – a prospective cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenica Flury ◽  
Johannes Sumer ◽  
Werner C. Albrich ◽  
Christian R. Kahlert ◽  
Nicolas J. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Safety Concept ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Worldwide, scientific congresses are cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, scientific exchange is more important than ever, especially for infectious diseases and infection prevention specialists. Within a prospective cohort of congress attendees, we evaluated the safety concept of the 2020 congress of the Swiss Societies of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene. Methods The congress was held between September 2nd and 4th 2020 in Geneva (Switzerland), where COVID-19 incidence in the week during the congress was 65 cases /100 000 population within 7 days. A rigorous safety concept was implemented including universal face masking, physical distancing during sessions, and maximal reduction of social events. We invited congress attendees to participate in this prospective cohort and used an anonymized online questionnaire to assess risk perception, risk exposures, symptoms and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 of attendees before, during and after the congress. Dried blood spots were taken from attendees on-site and four weeks later to detect specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and to document seroconversions. Results A total of 365 people attended the congress, thereof 271 healthcare professionals. Of these, 196 (54%) either answered the questionnaire (N = 150) or provided baseline and follow-up blood samples (N = 168). None of the study participants reported a positive PCR result in the 2 weeks after the congress. Five of 168 (3%) participants were seropositive at follow-up, all of which had already been positive at baseline. The safety concept was deemed appropriate by 92% of the study participants and hygiene measures were performed correctly by the vast majority. Conclusion In this prospective cohort of congress attendees, no PCR positive cases or seroconversions could be documented after attending an on-site medical congress. These findings indicate that congresses with a rigorous safety concept may take place, even in areas with moderately-high COVID-19 activity.

Patterns of E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: Review of the Impact of E-Cigarettes on Cigarette Smoking

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1320-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Glasser ◽  
Haneen Abudayyeh ◽  
Jennifer Cantrell ◽  
Raymond Niaura
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
The Impact

Abstract There is concern that e-cigarette use among youth and young adults (YAs) may lead to future cigarette or other combustible tobacco product use. A synthesis of the literature on this topic is needed because existing longitudinal studies are limited in number and not consistent in their conclusions. We conducted a search in PubMed through December 31, 2017 for peer-reviewed studies related to e-cigarette patterns of use. Of 588 relevant studies, 26 had a youth or YA sample, were longitudinal in design, and assessed e-cigarette use at baseline and cigarette smoking at follow-up. Most studies followed a sample over time and compared cigarette smoking at follow-up between baseline e-cigarette users and nonusers. Other studies examined the difference at follow-up in cigarette smoking status among smokers according to e-cigarette use at baseline. Results suggest that, among never smokers, e-cigarette use is associated with the future (6 months to 2.5 years) cigarette trial; however, firm conclusions cannot be drawn because of limitations including small sample size, measurement of experimental use (ie, ever use, past 30-day use) rather than established use, and inadequate controls for potentially confounding variables. Conclusions also cannot be drawn from studies examining the impact of e-cigarette use among smokers due to the limited number of studies and additional limitations. A comprehensive understanding of this literature is needed to inform policy makers and consumers for evidence-based decision-making and to guide future research on e-cigarette use among youth and young adults. Implications The present article provides a review of the impact of e-cigarette use on subsequent cigarette smoking among youth and YAs. Studies presented here suggest that e-cigarette use among nonsmokers is associated with subsequent cigarette smoking, but study designs are subject to numerous limitations. Future research should focus on addressing the characteristics that put youth and YAs at the risk of using either product and how appeal and accessibility of these products are related to product use in order to inform future policy-making.

Children’s experience of sport in Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne McPherson ◽  
Maureen Long ◽  
Matthew Nicholson ◽  
Nadine Cameron ◽  
Prue Atkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Survey Responses

Australia is known as a ‘sporting nation’ and sport is central to its cultural identity. Children’s participation in leisure activities, including sport, is considered to be of such importance that it is enshrined as an international human right. There is a growing awareness, however, that children’s experience of sport is not always positive and that abuse and harm may occur in organised sport. This paper reports on a study designed to explore children’s experiences of organised sport, as recounted by young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 years. A mixed methods study design was implemented, which resulted in 107 survey responses and 10 follow-up interviews with young adults. Overwhelmingly, young people reported the lasting developmental benefits of participation in organised sport as children. More than 50% also reported negative experiences, including emotional and physical harm and sexual harassment. The reasons for these apparently contradictory findings are explored. The role of coaches, peers, parents and the wider sporting association ethos are investigated and suggestions made for future research.

scholarly journals Tactile Contact as a Marketing Tool for Improving an HIV/STD Education Program’s Compliance / Retention with Crack Cocaine Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Ralph Jay Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Booster Session ◽  
Promotional Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Public Setting ◽  
Cocaine Users ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
Study Participants

Background: This research brief reports results from an exploratory pilot study on the use of socially acceptable touch in a public setting that accompanies a request to improve program compliance with “street level” crack cocaine users. Methods: Study participants consisted of 120 crack cocaine-using participants in a larger community-based HIV/STD prevention and research program targeting at-risk African-Americans. They were required to return for a series of four booster health education sessions over 2-5 days and 6 month and 1 year follow-up assessments. The most difficult aspect of this program was no-shows for the second booster session; study participants who attended at least two sessions were much more likely to attend all sessions and complete the entire lengthy program. The program director randomly approached some participants after the first visit in a public setting and briefly touched them as part of a handshake; then, the director asked them to return for their follow-up sessions. Whether they were approached or not was random. Analysis comprised descriptive and non-parametric statistics. Results: Ninety-three percent of participants who were asked to return and were touched returned for the second session; only 75% returned who had been asked to do so but were not touched. A statistically significant difference favored being touched and complying, as measured by second-session returning participants (p < .01), though it appeared the touch / request had more of a preventive than a promotional effect. Extraneous demographic and background factors were ruled out with the exception of age (older participants), which contributed slightly. Conclusions: Results suggest that a request “anchored” to a socially acceptable public touch is promising in terms of improving program participation and engagement. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

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