scholarly journals The Prevalence and Progression of Ametropies in Medical Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Costa Santos ◽  
Rafael Cunha de Almeida ◽  
Willany Veloso Reinaldo ◽  
Fernando Rocha Oliveira ◽  
Shaun Schofield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Vision ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Data

Background: Uncorrected refractive errors (Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism) are one of the main causes of poor vision, attributing to 43% of vision deficiencies. Myopia is the most common visual disorder in the world and can progress until the age of 20-25, when many people are in universities. The etiological factors that cause myopia are still unclear and deserve to be studied. Our aim was to identify the prevalence of ametropies and self-perception of ophthalmic health in medical students at the Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/FMABC. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data collected at Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/FMABC from medical students. A total of 232 students participated in the survey, from the 1st to the 4th year of graduation. The data of the study were obtained from the application of a questionnaire, which evaluates the presence or not of some ophthalmologic health ametropia and self-perception. Result: It was observed that 74.57% of the students had some type of ametropy, being myopia the most recurrent (59.05%). The study shows us significant data to an increase in the grade of students from 1st to 4th grade throughout college. It was observed that the average daily study time of the students was 9.68 hours and a high average time of use of electronic means. Conclusion: The study presented a high prevalence of ametropies among students, in addition to a high prevalence of multifactorial myopia and a need to update their diopters (degrees) during the course.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors of refractive errors among medical students in Western Odisha: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Sushree Priyadarsini Satapathy ◽  
Bharati Panda ◽  
Sadhu Charan Panda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

<p><strong>Background:</strong> prevalence of refractive errors among medical students pursing higher studies is very high. Very little data about the prevalence of refractive errors among medical students in western Odisha is available. So, this Present study was undertaken with an objective were to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla, Western Odisha, India and to study the association between various risk factors with the prevalence of refractive errors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduates i.e. (from 1<sup>st</sup> year to final year) students of VIMSAR, Burla for a period of 2 months i.e. February to March 2020 with sample size of 200. A pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed to students. To assess refractive errors among study population auto refractometer was used.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The overall prevalence of refractive errors in our study was 65%. Most common type of refractive error was Myopia i.e. 113 (86.92%) among the medical students followed by Astigmatism (10.77%) and Hypermetropia (2.31%) respectively. It was observed in our present study that the prevalence of refractive errors was highly associated within crease in study duration, use of electronic gadgets such as smartphones and computers and with the presence of family history this group difference was found to be significantly associated with chi-square=9.4183,<strong> </strong>78.9173, 114.235 and 56.1899 respectively with P&lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> High prevalence of refractive errors was found among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla which emphasis on the need for routine ophthalmological evaluation and their proper assessment and management.</p>

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Physical Activity among Medical Students of Jazan University: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husam Eldin Elsawi Khalafalla ◽  
Mohamed Salih Mahfouz ◽  
Muath Hassan Ibrahim Najmi ◽  
Sayyaf Abdullah Mohammad Najmi ◽  
Qasem Ali Yahya Arishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is one of the most important factors that affect human health; it reduces the chances of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, breast and colon cancer, and depression.OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to measure prevalence of physical activity and to determine the factors affecting the level of physical activity among medical student in Jazan University.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of medical colleges of Jazan University. A random sample of 419 was determined using most recent physical activity prevalence. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.RESULTS: There is a high prevalence of inactivity among study participants (88.1%). Females (91.7%) were more significantly (p value=0.013) inactive than males (83.8%). The most influential barrier perceived by participants is (heavy) academic work as well as lack of places for physical activity; the latter factor being more effective in hindering female students' physical activity.CONCLUSION: Results revealed that the inactivity rate was very high among medical students. The results of this study call for a well-planned intervention at the university level for improving the level of physical activity among university students.

scholarly journals Prevalence of insomnia and anxiety in university students during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Ameer Hamza Mahmood-ul-Hassan ◽  
Abdul Sannan ◽  
Nehala Nooz ◽  
Ansa Ramay ◽  
Muhammad Huzaifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
The World

Background: The world is facing COVID-19 pandemic and almost 70% of the world had gone under Lockdown. People are facing stress, insomnia and anxiety. The lack of basic awareness and spread of fake news are common causes of all these issues. This study was done to determine the prevalence of insomnia and anxiety in medical and non-medical students. Subjects and methods: Subjects were approached through friends in universities using WhatsApp. People having insomnia and anxiety before quarantine were excluded from this study. People using anti-depressants and anti-psychotics before quarantine were also excluded from this study. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 965 students of medical and non-medical universities in the cities of Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Consent was taken for using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Insomnia Severity Index for scoring of anxiety and insomnia respectively. An online questionnaire made in Google forms was used for data collection. Independent t-tests, Pearson Correlation and Regression analysis were performed using SPSS v25. Results: Increased prevalence of anxiety and insomnia in non-medical students as compared to the medical students was observed. There was statistically significant strong correlation between anxiety and insomnia of the enrolled subjects (r=0.742, p<0.001). A linear regression equation was formulated. Increased prevalence of anxiety and insomnia in females was also determined. Conclusion: Non-medical students, compared to medical students, among which, females, compared to males, were more likely to suffer from anxiety and insomnia during lockdown.

scholarly journals The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon and its association with refractive errors in Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyi Zhuo ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Xiaofang Ren ◽  
Bingsong Wang ◽  
Linbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Lower Eyelid ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Beijing China

Abstract Background: To assess the prevalence and demographics of lower eyelid epiblepharon in Chinese preschool children and to evaluate its association with refractive errors.Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional study, a total of 3,170 children aged 3 to 6 years from Beijing, China underwent examinations including weight, height, cycloplegic autorefraction and slit-lamp examination of external eyes. The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon in preschool children was evaluated and its association with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and refractive errors was analyzed using logistic regression analysis.Results: The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon was 26.2%, which decreased with age, with prevalence in 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds of 30.6%, 28.0%, 15.0%, and 14.3%, respectively. Boys had a higher risk of having epiblepharon than girls (OR = 1.41; 95%CI, (1.20-1.66)) and no significant correlation was detected between BMI and epiblepharon after adjusting for age and sex (p = 0.062). Epiblepharon was significantly associated with a higher risk of refractive errors, including astigmatism (OR = 3.41; 95% CI, (2.68-4.33)), myopia (OR = 3.55; 95% CI, (1.86-6.76)), and hyperopia (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, (1.18-1.99)). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon in Chinese preschool children, particularly among boys and younger children. Preschoolers with lower eyelid epiblepharon are subject to a higher risk of developing astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia, than those without. Increased attention should be paid to this eyelid abnormality in the preschool population.

scholarly journals The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon and its association with refractive errors in Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyi Zhuo ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Xiaofang Ren ◽  
Bingsong Wang ◽  
Linbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Lower Eyelid ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Beijing China

Abstract Background: To assess the prevalence and demographics of lower eyelid epiblepharon in Chinese preschool children and to evaluate its association with refractive errors. Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional study , a total of 3,170 children aged 3 to 6 years from Beijing, China underwent examinations including weight, height, cycloplegic autorefraction and slit-lamp examination of external eyes. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to evaluate. The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon in preschool children and its association with refractive errors were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon was 26.2%, which decreased with age with 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old being 30.6%, 28.0%, 15.0%, and 14.3%, respectively. Boys had a higher risk of having epiblepharon than girls with ORs = 1.41 (95%CI, 1.20-1.66) and no significant correlation was detected between BMI and epiblepharon after adjustment of age and sex. Epiblepharon was associated with significantly higher risk of refractive errors including astigmatism (OR = 3.41; 95% CI, (2.68-4.33)), myopia (OR = 3.55; 95%CI, (1.86-6.76)), and hyperopia (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, (1.18-1.99)). Among astigmatic epiblepharon preschoolers, with-the-rule is predominant (80.9%) and epiblepharon severity was associated with astigmatism severity (p = 0.019). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon in Chinese preschool children, particularly among boys and the youngers. Preschoolers with lower eyelid epiblepharon are subject to higher risk of developing astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia, than those without. An increased attention should be paid to this eyelid abnormality in preschool population.

scholarly journals Self-perception: Does Obesity Influence Quality of Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amra Zalihic ◽  
Maja Barbaric ◽  
Mirela Mabic ◽  
Marnela Palameta ◽  
Ankica Mijic Maric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Overweight People ◽  
The World

Abstract The number of obese and overweight people around the world rapidly grows and takes on epidemic proportions. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of body weight on quality of life and to investigate our patients' consciousness about their body weight and its impact on their quality of life.Methods : The cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing 1067 respondents, using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire.Results : Out of 1067 patients, 684 were females. 65.5 % of patients had BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 . 21.7% of 699 patients who had BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 think that their increased body weight doesn’t affect their health, 27.9 % of respondents think that their overweight is unrelated to physical activity, 41.8 % of respondents have no problems purchasing the clothes due to their weight and 31.6 % of respondents with BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 think that it doesn’t affect their quality of life.Conclusion : Quality of life is significantly better in respondents with BMI <25 kg/m 2 . The alarming result is that slightly less than half of respondents think that overweight doesn’t affect their health and don’t understand the seriousness of the problem.

scholarly journals Low back pain and associated risk factors among medical students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Shabbir Ahmed Sany ◽  
Taukir Tanjim ◽  
Md Ikbal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Different studies showed the high prevalence of LBP among medical students. However, no study has been conducted on Bangladeshi medical students to estimate the prevalence of LBP. This study evaluated the prevalence, characteristics, and associated risk factors of LBP among medical students in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020 among randomly selected 270 medical students and medical interns in Faridpur Medical College, Bangladesh, using an online questionnaire. In data analysis, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were performed, and a p-value of < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: A total of 207 participants responded fully to the survey, and were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 22.36 ± 1.915 years. The point, 6-month, and 12-month prevalence of LBP was 25.6%, 46.9%, and 63.3%, respectively. In most participants, LBP was localized (53.2%), recurrent (64.9%), undiagnosed (70.8%), affected for a short period (55%), and relieved without receiving any treatment (60.4%). Participants who had a significantly higher 12-month prevalence of LBP included females (72.2% vs 52.2%), with BMI >25 kg/m2 (73.2% vs 56.7%), those who performed physical activity at low to moderate frequency (72.4% vs 29.5%), those who spent > 6 hours/day by sitting (71.3% vs 45.3%), and those who did not have enough rest time (92.7% vs 56%). Ergonomic features of chairs, such as having back support, adjustable back support, and adjustable sitting surface, significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the outcomes. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBP among medical students in Bangladesh was high, and most of the risk factors associated with the high prevalence of LBP were modifiable. Hence, LBP can be prevented by implementing preventive strategies and providing ergonomic training and physical activity facilities.

scholarly journals The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon and its association with refractive errors in Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyi Zhuo ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Xiaofang Ren ◽  
Bingsong Wang ◽  
Linbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Lower Eyelid ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Beijing China

Abstract Background: To assess the prevalence and demographics of lower eyelid epiblepharon in Chinese preschool children and to evaluate its association with refractive errors.Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional study , a total of 3,170 children aged 3 to 6 years from Beijing, China underwent examinations including weight, height, cycloplegic autorefraction and slit-lamp examination of external eyes. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to evaluate. The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon in preschool children and its association with refractive errors were analyzed.Results: The prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon was 26.2%, which decreased with age with 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old being 30.6%, 28.0%, 15.0%, and14.3%, respectively. Boys had a higher risk of having epiblepharon than girls with ORs = 1.41 (95%CI, 1.20-1.66) and no significant correlation was detected between BMI and epiblepharon after adjustment of age and sex. Epiblepharon was associated with significantly higher risk of refractive errors including astigmatism (OR = 3.41; 95% CI, (2.68-4.33)), myopia (OR = 3.55; 95%CI, (1.86-6.76)), and hyperopia (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, (1.18-1.99)). Among astigmatic epiblepharon preschoolers, with-the-rule is predominant (80.9%) and epiblepharon severity was associated with astigmatism severity (p = 0.019). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of lower eyelid epiblepharon in Chinese preschool children, particularly among boys and the youngers. Preschoolers with lower eyelid epiblepharon are subject to higher risk of developing astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia, than those without. An increased attention should be paid to this eyelid abnormality in preschool population.

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