scholarly journals The Role of Telemedicine on Ecuador During COVID-19 Crisis: A Perspective from a Volunteer Physician

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Nicolalde
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Call Center ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
The Government

Ecuador is one of the most affected countries of COVID-19 in Latin American. The government invited physicians to become a volunteer to attend call center and practice telemedicine in order to relief an oversaturated health system. Due lack of availability and digital illiteracy the government implement just standard calls. The difficulties that can be faced are secondary to establishing the severity of a patient only with subjective measures and to achieving effective coordination of telemedicine with public health systems. The role played by the doctor during this crisis is fundamental from the educational, preventive and psychological point of view.  

scholarly journals The concept of public health. Types of health systems. Parallel between the Romanian and the Australian health system

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Dorel Dulău ◽  
◽  
Simona Bungău ◽  
Lucia Daina ◽  
Camelia Buhaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Centralization And Decentralization

Medical management is a field that combines, both in theory and in practice, two somewhat different domains, administration and the medical domain, creating a third area of activity, namely that of medical management. This review is part of a study of health services management, which seeks to find solutions to improve the efficiency of the the management and administration of the medical system, both locally and nationally. In order to be able to study and evaluate, from a scientific point of view, the concepts of centralization and decentralization of the public health system in Romania, it is absolutely pertinent, but also mandatory, to focus on defining the notion of health system. Only later can we approach and research the process of decentralization of health, the political and economic context in which it can be initiated, as well as how to activate and carry it out. Decentralization, as a phenomenon of the transfer of rights and obligations, from the level of the central authority to the level of the local authority, can take various forms. From a theoretical and practical point of view, the forms of decentralization can be studied, evaluated and concluded by emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses. Also important to study are the ways of putting health systems into practice, which from the point of view of the source of funding are divided into state-funded health systems (Semashko, Beveridge and Bismarck) and privately funded health systems.

UK Public Health Systems

Public Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk

Within the UK there are four public health systems covering each of four countries making up the UK: England is the largest country, followed by Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. There are many commonalities between the systems in terms of their functions and workforce terms and conditions as well as the challenges each faces. But in keeping with the devolved systems of government enjoyed by each country, the public health systems are organized differently and their structures and priorities reflect the differing contexts in which they are located. Drawing on the three domains outlined by Griffiths, Jewell, and Donnelly in their seminal 2005 paper and comprising health protection, health improvement, and health service delivery and quality, UK public health systems exist to protect and promote health improvement and well-being in the population and do so through devising policies and strategies and providing services as well as contributing to the evidence base in regard to what works to improve health. The definition of a public health system is clearly contingent on the definition and scope of public health. The UK public health systems have adopted the definition of public health advanced by the UK Faculty of Public Health and other bodies and first produced by a former Chief Medical Officer for England, Sir Donald Acheson, in 1998: “Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts of society.” A slightly extended version appeared in a review of public health carried out for the UK government by its appointed independent adviser, Sir Derek Wanless, in 2004: “Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society, organisations, public and private, communities and individuals.” These definitions share important characteristics including: public health is both a science and an art, essentially and always a combination of knowledge and action; the core purposes of public health are to prevent disease, prolong life, and promote health; public health is an organized societal function. Several aspects of these definitions can be highlighted as being especially pertinent to public health systems. Notable among these is the desire for closer links across health and the environmental sector; addressing social and political determinants of health as an essential and legitimate public health action; and the importance of health systems for public health improvement. Given these definitions with their whole-of-society focus, a public health system is wider and more inclusive than a health system. An effective public health system can be judged by the extent to which relevant groups, organizations, and sectors work effectively together on specific issues.

scholarly journals Perspectives and Attitudes of Patients with COVID-19 toward a Telerehabilitation Programme: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7845
Author(s):  
Carlos Bernal-Utrera ◽  
Ernesto Anarte-Lazo ◽  
Elena De-La-Barrera-Aranda ◽  
Laura Fernandez-Bueno ◽  
Manuel Saavedra-Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Objective Model

The total isolation of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires non-face-to-face medical assistance. There is evidence of the efficacy of home treatments with exercises in patients with respiratory disorders which could become the therapeutic method of choice for the treatment and supervision of patients isolated due to infection during home confinement. This study’s objective was to analyse the experience and opinions of isolated patients with COVID-19 included in a programme of telerehabilitation exercises for 14 days and it is intended to reflect, from a qualitative point of view, the viability and usefulness of telerehabilitation tools in the management of these patients. Twenty-five participants of a telerehabilitation programme were interviewed by telephone through semi-structured interviews, following a positivist and objective model. The data were categorised and analysed through NVIVO qualitative analysis software. The information obtained was classified into four main topics (telerehabilitation programme, perception of clinical benefit, psychological aspects and level of health care) and six subtopics (technical aspects, communication, improvement aspects, exercise plan, motivation and applicability to public health systems). The telerehabilitation programme established in patients confined by COVID-19 is very well received, without considerable technical difficulties and generates physical and psychological improvements. Patients highlight the importance of applying this type of programme in public health systems.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination and the Expanding Role of Pharmacists: Pharmacist - Immunization Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmer Raza ◽  
Shireen Aziz ◽  
Shahid Masood Raza ◽  
Sana Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care Workers

Pharmacists in health systems involved with immunizations have used their practice settings to become advocates for immunization and increase their responsibilities in the public health monarchy. Administering vaccines to patients and health care workers is enabling some health-system pharmacists to assume a prominent role in public health. Pharmacists have noticed that immunization needs were not being met and, through their advocacy, increased the numbers of patients and employees of health systems who have been vaccinated.

scholarly journals The Health Systems of Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Public Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mills
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Political Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

“Health system” is a term generally considered to be relatively recent. It is defined as all organizations, institutions, and resources that produce actions whose primary purpose is to improve health, whether these be targeted at individuals (such as health-care delivery) or populations (such as public health measures). Health-care and public health institutions have a long history, but the notion of an organized “health system” is a relatively recent development (dating from the mid-20th century). In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), Western medicine was often introduced by former colonial authorities through the construction of public hospitals, health centers, and training schools, with church authorities also making a major contribution. As in high-income countries, there was a gradual process over the latter half 20th century to construct an organized and coordinated national health system. However, health systems became a key focus of international attention only in the late 1990s, when it became apparent that achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (e.g., reduction of child and maternal mortality; control of HIV, TB, and malaria) was threatened less by the availability of technical solutions and more by the ability of health systems to put them into practice. More recently, the Ebola epidemic in West Africa highlighted the critical importance of health systems in ensuring health security. In response to the increased awareness of the role of health systems, significant attention has been paid to defining the health system and its goals, categorizing its elements, assessing problems and testing solutions, and seeking to identify the relationship between different health system configurations and overall performance. Over time, specific issues within the general area of health systems have received special attention, including achieving universal health coverage (where the whole population of a country has access to health care and protection against its costs), the role of primary health care, the relative merits of different ways of financing a health system, the relative roles of public and private health sectors, and the appropriate mix of different types of health worker. Many disciplines can contribute to improved understanding of health systems, including economics, sociology, anthropology, history, political science, and management science. Until recently, the discipline of economics has tended to dominate the study of health systems. However, with the emergence of health policy and systems research as an important area of study, other disciplines have been making growing contributions, especially political science and the behavioral sciences concerned with the behavior of both individuals and organizations.

The role of graining in ensuring food security

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grain Farms

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.

scholarly journals Health system gaps in cardiovascular disease prevention and management in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Shrestha ◽  
Rashmi Maharjan ◽  
Biraj Man Karmacharya ◽  
Swornim Bajracharya ◽  
Niharika Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
National Health ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Critical System ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of deaths and disability in Nepal. Health systems can improve CVD health outcomes even in resource-limited settings by directing efforts to meet critical system gaps. This study aimed to identify Nepal’s health systems gaps to prevent and manage CVDs. Methods We formed a task force composed of the government and non-government representatives and assessed health system performance across six building blocks: governance, service delivery, human resources, medical products, information system, and financing in terms of equity, access, coverage, efficiency, quality, safety and sustainability. We reviewed 125 national health policies, plans, strategies, guidelines, reports and websites and conducted 52 key informant interviews. We grouped notes from desk review and transcripts’ codes into equity, access, coverage, efficiency, quality, safety and sustainability of the health system. Results National health insurance covers less than 10% of the population; and more than 50% of the health spending is out of pocket. The efficiency of CVDs prevention and management programs in Nepal is affected by the shortage of human resources, weak monitoring and supervision, and inadequate engagement of stakeholders. There are policies and strategies in place to ensure quality of care, however their implementation and supervision is weak. The total budget on health has been increasing over the past five years. However, the funding on CVDs is negligible. Conclusion Governments at the federal, provincial and local levels should prioritize CVDs care and partner with non-government organizations to improve preventive and curative CVDs services.

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