scholarly journals Paul Ricœur et la question de la singularité et de l’unicité de l’événement à l’épreuve de la Shoah

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Christian Delacroix
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Ethical Responsibility ◽  
Historical Representation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Opening Up

The aim of this article is to analyze the work of the event’s relative desingularisation that Ricœur operates by coupling with the narrative in Time and Narrative in the early 1980s, then the re-opening of the question of the singularity and uniqueness of the event in Memory, History, Forgetting (in 2000) in the reconstructed theoretical frame of historical representation put to the test of the "event at the limits" which is the Shoah. In Time and Narrative Ricœur intends to transcend, through the interweaving of history and fiction applied to founding events of collective identity like the Shoah, the epistemological aporia of the dichotomy between a history which dissolves the event in the explanation and a purely emotional attitude in the face of events of considerable ethical intensity. However, this narrativisation of the event runs up against the traumatic power of the radical extra-textual of the event — the Shoah, which thus constitutes a challenge for the historical representation of the past. It is this question that Ricœur takes up in Memory, History, Forgetting, but this time the investigation has been largely reconfigured by the dialectic of memory and history, contributing to the representation of the past. While distinguishing the absolute moral incomparability of the Shoah and the incomparability relative to the historiographical plane (i.e., possible comparability), Ricœur maintains that the entanglement between historiographical judgment and moral judgment is inevitable, thus opening up the great question of the social, political and ethical responsibility of the historian.

scholarly journals Socio-cultural Aspects of Informatization in the Context of the Effective General (Secondary) Education Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Vadymovich Zherdev ◽  
Vladimir Lazarevich Nazarov ◽  
Natalya Vladimirovna Averbukh
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

This article is devoted to the preparation of an information base for the formation of criteria for assessing the process of general (secondary) education informatization. The situation in education can be considered as unstable, lacking a clear understanding of the social, psychological and technological prospects for the Russian and world communities’ development, which excludes the possibility of correct strategic planning and making correct management decisions. The development source of uncertainty is the very transitional nature of the current situation in ICT — equally in the technological, economic, sociocultural and psychological aspects. The research problematizes the well-established idea of the modern relations of education and ICT, emphasize the lack of empirical data and the bias towards a normative approach in the field of managerial decisions, which in the face of uncertainty leads to the adoption of erroneous decisions (a tactics and strategy contradiction). The research has determined the prospects for a monitoring research system designed to obtain the necessary empirical data in the system, taking into account the change in the technological and sociocultural paradigm over the past decade. Keywords: information society, digitalization of education, efficiency in education, digital divide, resistance to innovation

History Unhoused

Living Cargo ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Blevins
Keyword(s):  
Colonial History ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Public Cultures ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Opening Up

The introduction of Living Cargo presents the book as a project of unhousing the past; about opening up archives and drawing history out; and about the opening out that occurs when history goes public. It is also about the social, political, and ethical demands such openings make on public and private lives; and about the publics and counterpublics that are produced when history is on the move. When history is unhoused, when it travels narratively, visually, performatively its movements help bind people together, as surely as its institutional enclosure helps keep them apart. In other words, this book is about the black public cultures of postcolonial Britain; the particular historical resonances that join together many disparate communities in the UK under and beyond the banner of the nation; and the transnational circuits of exchange economic, social, political, affective that takes British colonial history for a ride.

Cantonese Sojourners and Shiwan Ceramic Roof Decoration in Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma So Mui
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Made In

Abstract Over the period October 2006-July 2008, the author conducted a detailed survey of five historic buildings in Malaya constructed by 19th-century Chinese immigrants. These buildings feature roof decorations made in and imported from Shiwan 石灣, China, during that period. The decorations include scenes and figurines representing events and characters taken from Cantonese operas, Chinese legends and classical novels. In studying these decorations the author has come across several recurring themes illustrating concepts such as justice, sworn brotherhood, loyalty and courage in the face of adversity, which shed light on the cultural identities and thinking of the Cantonese migrants. In this paper these themes are interpreted against the background of the social and political circumstances in China and Southeast Asia during the period under discussion, showing how an understanding of the concerns of these Chinese migrants of the past can help one to understand contemporary migrant communities worldwide.

scholarly journals Who Speaks through the Mouths of Babes? Children and Religious Violence in France. Review of: Crouzet, D. (2020). Les enfants bourreaux au temps des guerres de Religion. Paris: Albin Michel. 336 p. Izvestiya Uralskogo federalnogo universiteta. Seriya 2: Gumanitarnye nauki, 23(1), 293–306.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-306
Author(s):  
Pavel Yu. Uvarov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Activity ◽  
Wars Of Religion ◽  
Mystery Plays ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
French Wars Of Religion ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
French Nation ◽  
Inside Out

This essay contains reflections on a new book by renowned historian Denis Crouzet on children’s violence, and, more broadly, on the image of children during the French Wars of Religion. In the book under review, the novelty lies in the fact that the images of ‘innocent infants’ make part of a separate plot. Just as novel are Denis Crouzet’s reflections on the ‘sources of inspiration’ of the young French persecutors of heretics. The author indicates the anthropological correspondences inherent in the culture of both Italian and French cities, such as the carnivalesque inversion of the ‘world inside out’ and the social function of youth associations taking part in the ‘charivari’ rites. Denis Crouzet pays attention to sources that are novel to him, like children’s Christmas chants, mystery plays, and ‘miracles’. While impersonating the Innocents persecuted by Herod but also angels carrying retaliation to this villain, urban children learnt what and how to do in the face of a carnival challenge. The ways to leave the eschatological activism are of particular interest. After 1572, the gangs of executioners-children left the scene. Only the murder of the Guises on Christmas Day, 1588, threw crowds of children into the streets of Paris. Now they were described differently, however, — as a disciplined mass, occupied not with outrages but with prayers. The author speaks of ‘Catholic consciousness’, but that was already a different reformed Catholicism, departing further and further from the old ‘corporate Catholicism’. The religious political activity of children would become a thing of the past, however. The image of an innocent child would once more be in demand only after the Revolution, when, this time in a desacralised context, children became the embodiment of the French nation.

scholarly journals Nobility

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violet Soen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
State Building ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Anthropological Approach

“The” nobility is a slippery fish to catch, especially for the Renaissance and Reformation era, here understood as the two centuries between 1450 and 1650. Historians inevitably face the methodological problem of whether to define “nobility” according to juridical, social or cultural criteria. Over the past decades, they have abandoned a legal and essentialist interpretation in favor of a sociological and anthropological approach. Even if legal, fiscal, and social privileges persisted in “the making of” the nobility during the ancien régime, it is now widely acknowledged that the social composition of the group constantly changed, leading to an immense diversity among its members across Europe and the colonies. Likewise, it is accepted today that both the Renaissance and Reformation profoundly changed the cultural and ideological concept of “nobility” itself. These novel insights replace the older 19th-century paradigm claiming that from the late Middle Ages onward the nobility was in long-lasting crisis, losing its power and status to a rising bourgeoisie. Instead of this linear interpretation, a new consensus emerged around a persistent rise and decline among nobilities (not of the group as such), and their remarkable resilience in the face of state-building, religious change, and economic upheaval between 1450 and 1650.

Political Realism and the Age of Reason: The Anti-Rationalist Heritage in America

1953 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Political Realism ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
The Past ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Almost every period of crisis and decision in American history has produced writers on political affairs who have championed a “realistic” approach to the study of human and social problems. Convinced that successful political action must proceed from man “as he is,” such writers have been persistently and profoundly suspicious of theories which, they believe, are based either upon faulty assessments of the actual nature of the individual or upon visionary estimates of his potentialities. It is the opinion of these analysts that the nature of man is irrevocably fixed in its partially depraved and partially irrational career—a constant, as it were, among the myriad imponderables entering into the social equation. Thus it has long been a significant part of their method to attempt to discover in the experience of the past a coherent theory of limits applicable to contemporary political society. Eager to profit from the experience of other generations with the perennial problems of government and politics, they have generally displayed little tolerance toward those who would flaunt rationally grounded political experiment in the face of the practical lessons of history. Such combination of pessimistic analysis and resort to the experience of the past—Political Realism —has played a crucial role in the history of political thought in America.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS among young women in Malawi: A review of risk factors and Interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
McDonald William Nyalapa ◽  
Cath Conn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Social Inequities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hiv Prevention Interventions

Young women aged 10-24 years in Malawi currently experience HIV prevalence of about 5%.  This high HIV prevalence amongst young women reflects a heart-breaking feature of the serious epidemic in southern Africa for the past five years. Given the serious situation it is vital to understand the risk factors faced by young women of Malawi, and further understanding of the interventions necessary to address the problem. A narrative review set out to explore the literature, retrieved from institutional reports and peer-reviewed publications, on the factors increasing young women’s vulnerability to HIV in Malawi, and on interventions aimed at reducing their risk. Young women in Malawi are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection as a result of poverty, harmful gender norms, and economic and social inequities. Whilst there are some interventions in place, in the face of such a disproportionately difficult social and socio-economic environment, lack of resources and other systemic gaps, these are not sufficiently effective. Given the scale of the problem and the difficult environment experienced by young women, effective HIV prevention interventions remain critical. Further research is required to establish appropriate and effective interventions, and to address the social determinants of health, especially in relation to gender and rights.

Is ‘access to adequate and equitable sanitation’ for all by 2030 achievable? Perspectives from sector experts on what needs to change to realise the Sustainable Development Goal

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Hueso
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Government Leadership ◽  
The Face ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Shed Light

The global community has set the goal of universal access to sanitation by 2030. In the face of limited progress, business as usual is not an option for sanitation sector actors. Through an expert consultation, this paper aims to shed light on the changes needed. Experts believe that in the past, sanitation was regarded as a taboo and a private issue, and given low political prioritisation. This resulted in inadequate financing, capacity and institutions. Programmes were implemented in an uncoordinated manner outside government systems. They focused on infrastructure, neglecting behaviour change or addressing it with blanket approaches. The poor remained unreached, especially in urban areas. Poor collaboration and insufficient learning hindered progress in the sector. However, experts also highlight that prioritisation has nowadays reached unprecedented levels, opening up opportunities for progress. A consensus is starting to emerge on how to address past blockages and on the key knowledge gaps and sector priorities, including focusing on how to deliver urban sanitation, ensuring government leadership and sector harmonisation, and getting better at changing behaviour. However, it will be even more crucial that the key institutions in the sanitation sector display leadership and move towards more collaborative, adaptive and learning-oriented ways of working.

scholarly journals Social Media Contexts Moderate Perceptions of Animals

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Riddle ◽  
Jill R. D. MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Media Site ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Human Perceptions ◽  
New Space

The rapid rise of social media in the past decade represents a new space where animals are represented in human society, and this may influence human perceptions, for example driving desire for exotic pet keeping. In this study, 211 participants (49% female) between the ages of 18 to 44 were recruited to an online survey where they viewed mock-up pages from a social media site. All participants saw the same image of a primate but were randomly assigned to a pro exotic pet keeping or anti exotic pet keeping narrative condition. When participants were presented with the anti narrative they perceived the animal to be more stressed (χ2 = 13.99, p < 0.001). In free text comments, participants expressed reservations in the face of a narrative they disagreed with in free text comments. Overall, this study found evidence to suggest that people moderate their discussions on human-animal interactions based on the social network they are in, but these relationships are complex and require further research.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jobson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter argues that nostalgia has shaped Labour’s political development since 1951 in a number of fundamental ways. Labour’s nostalgia-identity has revolved around positively idealised memories of a late nineteenth and early twentieth century heroic male traditional industrial working class. This nostalgia has proven to be problematic in the face of the social and economic changes that have taken place in Britain. It has limited the extent to which modernising agendas could be pursued, defined the parameters within which senior Labour figures could operate and determined the options available to the party. At certain times, Labour has also actively sought to reinstate and restore nostalgic visions of the past in the present. This chapter explores the significance of this book’s findings for the contemporary Labour Party and it outlines and problematizes potential future developments.

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