scholarly journals Comparison of root canal length measurement methods in primary teeth

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mine Koruyucu ◽  
Merve Bayram ◽  
Yelda Kasımoğlu ◽  
Figen Seymen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of conventional radiography, intraoral digital radiovisiography and electronic apex locator in determining the working length of root canals in primary teeth (in-vivo) and to compare the results with scanning electron microscopy measurements (ex-vivo). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 50 primary molar teeth. Standard endodontic access cavity preparations were prepared and the actual length was calculated by calibrated investigators. Working lengths were determined by using conventional radiography, RVG and apex locator in a total of 116 root canals. After the extraction of the teeth, each canal length was determined by using SEM. Data were analysed statistically by using Oneway Anova, Tukey HDS, Student t test and Bonferroni tests. Results: The mean root length measurements with conventional radiography were significantly higher than apex locator, RVG and SEM. The accuracy of apex locator and RVG were higher than conventional radiography in determining the working length in primary teeth. Conclusions: The electronic apex locators provide an acceptable level of accuracy in determining root canal length in primary teeth. Clinical Relevance: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of conventional radiography, intraoral digital radiovisiography and electronic apex locator in determining the working length of root canals in primary teeth and,to compare the results with scanning electron microscopy measurements.

scholarly journals Radiographic and scanning electron microscopic assessment of root canal filling remnants after endodontic re-instrumentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Geanini Pena Santos ◽  
Wilson Tadeu Felippe ◽  
Beatriz Dulcineia Mendes Souza ◽  
Andrea Cristina Konrath ◽  
Mabel Mariela Rodríguez Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Endodontic Retreatment ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Failures in endodontic treatment may occur by several reasons. Endodontic retreatment is an interesting alternative to manage this clinical problem. However, it is not possible to completely remove the root canal filling by any current retreatment technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of residual root canal filling materials after endodontic re-instrumentation. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Sixty extracted anterior human teeth were prepared by step-back technique with Flexofiles, K-files and Gates-Glidden (GG) burs. Between the use of each file or bur, root canals were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Smear layer was removed by irrigation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and NaOCl. After drying with paper points the root canals were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 12), according to filling material: Resilon cones/Real Seal sealer or gutta-percha cones and Endofill, Sealapex, AH Plus or MTA Fillapex sealers. After one week, root canal fillings were removed using Eucaliptol and K-files. Root canals were re-instrumented with K-files and GG burs sized larger than the first ones. The removal of root canal filling material was analyzed by radiography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using Binary Logistic Regression test (P &lt; 0.05). <strong>Results: </strong>Radiographic and SEM analysis showed that material from the<strong> </strong>MTA Fillapex group was better removed than that from Endofill, Sealapex, AH Plus and Real Seal groups. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>After re-instrumentation<strong>, </strong>MTA Fillapex group showed less remnants into the root canals than Endofill, Sealapex, AH Plus and Real Seal groups. Residual material was most often found in the apical third.</p><p><strong>Keywords </strong></p><p>Dental radiography; Endodontic retreatment; Root canal filling materials; Scanning electron microscopy.</p>

Accuracy of an Electronic Apex Locator: A Clinical Evaluation in Primary Molars with and without Resorption

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Enes Odabaş ◽  
Haluk Bodur ◽  
Özlem Tulunoğlu ◽  
Alev Alaç am
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of electronic apex locator (Root ZX) in primary teeth with and without apical root resorption in vivo. Study Design: The electronic working length was determined in 28 primary teeth (A total of 46 primary molar root canals with 24 roots without resorption and 22 roots with resorption) from twenty-eight healthy children using Root ZX. The teeth were then extracted. The actual length of each root was measured placing a K-File until the tip was visible at the apical foramen or the apical resorption level and approved with digital microscopic evaluation under 20× magnification and then withdrawn 1 mm. The distances from the file tip to the base of the rubber stop were measured and compared with the measurement obtained from apex locator. The data were evaluated with t test using standard statistical software (SPSS 13.0). The critical value of statistical significance was 5%. Results: For root canals without resorption, the accuracy of Root ZX was 79.16% and 95.82% within ± 0.5 and ± 1 mm, respectively. For root canals with resorption,the accuracy of Root ZX was 63.63% and 86.35% within ± 0.5 and ± 1 mm, respectively. No statistically significant differences were detect between the electronically determined lengths and the actual lengths regardless of whether or not resorption. Conclusion: Using a Root ZX Electronic Apex Locator in primary teeth with or without resorption is recommended for the determination of working length.

scholarly journals Scanning electron microscopy analysis of RinsEndo system and conventional irrigation for debris removal

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ricci Vivan ◽  
Melina Vieira Bortolo ◽  
Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte ◽  
Ivaldo Gomes de Moraes ◽  
Mario Tanomaru-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
New Device ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Pressure Suction ◽  
Conventional Irrigation ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new device for irrigation, which presents hydrodynamic activation based on the pressure-suction technology, has recently been introduced to the market: the RinsEndo system. This study compared the efficacy of the RinsEndo system and conventional (manual-dynamic) irrigation in the removal of debris from the root canal walls, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Twenty mandibular premolars with completely formed roots were selected and randomly divided into group 1 (irrigation with the RinsEndo system) and group 2 (conventional irrigation). The canals were irrigated with 1 mL of saline at each change of instrument. Instrumentation started with a #15 K file and continued up to a #40 K file, which was standardized as the working length instrument. Then, the teeth were sectioned in buccolingual direction and the halves were sputter-coated with gold and examined by SEM. The apical, middle and cervical root canal thirds were evaluated, and the results were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney test for comparison between methods, Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison among thirds, and Miller test for individual comparisons. A significance level of 5% was set for all analyses. The results did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between methods at each third and among thirds for each technique analyzed individually. In conclusion, there was no difference in the cleaning ability of the RinsEndo system and conventional irrigation.

scholarly journals Root canals and apical foramina of the buccal root of maxillary first premolars with longitudinal sulcus

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Grando Mattuella ◽  
Gina Mazzoccato ◽  
Fabiana Vieira Vier ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Reis Só
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the present study, periapical radiographs were analyzed to investigate the number of canals of the buccal root of maxillary 1st premolars with longitudinal sulcus, and compare the number of apical foramina observed on the radiographs to that revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thirty-nine human maxillary 1st premolars had their crowns and palatal roots removed and the root canals (C) were explored with endodontic files until the tip of the instrument was visualized exiting the apical foramen/foramina (AF). Radiographs were taken with files inside the root canals and the specimens were classified as follows: 1C/1AF; 2C/2AF; 1C/2AF; 2C/1AF. Apices were examined under SEM and the number of apical foramina (considering those measuring >80 µm in diameter) was recorded. Only 17.1% (n=6) of the specimens had 1C/1AF; 77.2% (n=27) had 2AF in which 42.9% (n=15) had 2C and 34.3% (n=12) had 1C; 5.7% (n=2) had 2C/1AF. SEM examinations showed that 46.1% (n=18) of the specimens had 2AF; 23.1% (n=9) had 1AF; 23.1% (n=9) had 3AF; 7.7% (n=3) had 4AF. Radiographic and SEM findings for the number of AF coincided in 62.8% of the cases. A buccal longitudinal sulcus in the maxillary 1st premolar is usually accompanied by total bifurcation (42.9%) or apical bifurcation (34.3%) of the root canal. SEM identified a statistically higher number of apical foramina than radiographs (p<0.01).

Comparison of the Accuracy of Apex Locators with Conventional Techniques in determining the Root Canal Length in Primary Teeth

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar Kommineni ◽  
P Prathyusha Simha ◽  
Vinay Chand Reddy ◽  
C Lalitha Samyuktha ◽  
Prashanth M Battepati
Keyword(s):  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the accuracy of apex locators with conventional techniques in determining the root canal length in primary teeth. Materials and Methods This in vitro study was conducted on twenty extracted primary incisors. After endodontic access preparation, root canals were irrigated with physiological saline solution. The access cavities were dried with cotton pellets and, the roots were dried with paper points before performing the electronic measurement. One operator determined the actual working length (AWL) of the canal and another operator measured working length using conventional F-speed radiographs, digital radiography (Dr suni plus digital radiography system, model no 900-0540) and electronic apex locator- Raypex 5 (VDW GmbH Postfach) 5th generation apex locator. The mean value of differences was obtained and statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the paired t-test. Results There was no statistically significant difference between tooth lengths estimate on conventional, digital and apex locators. 0.5 to 1 mm of clinically acceptable discrepancy was found between three techniques. Conclusion Although there was no significant statistical difference, electronic apex locator (EAL) has more advantage over other techniques, it is considered accurate in determining the working length in primary teeth. How to cite this article Reddy VK, Kommineni NK, Simha PP, Reddy VC, Samyuktha CL, Battepati PM. Comparison of the Accuracy of Apex Locators with Conventional Techniques in determining the Root Canal Length in Primary Teeth. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(2):61-64.

scholarly journals An in vitro Comparison of Root Canal Measurement in Permanent Teeth by Electronic Apex Locator, Conventional and Digital Radiography

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-315
Author(s):  
Alexander LNU ◽  
Musab Hamed Saeed ◽  
Nazil A Abtahl ◽  
A Praveen Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator

ABSTRACT Introduction In endodontic treatment for permanent teeth, it is important to estimate the working length precisely. Currently, various methods are used in clinical practice for working length estimation. The objective of this study is to compare the accuracy of root canal length in permanent teeth determined by electronic apex locators, conventional and digital radiography. Materials and methods A total of 50 single rooted permanent teeth with mature apices were extracted for periodontal reasons and obtained from different sources without caries were studied. The radiographic measurements were done using paralleling technique. Electronic measurements were done next using third generation, DentAport ZX. Actual canal length of each tooth was measured using direct observation of the apical exit of the file. Measurements obtained from radiographic and electronic methods were compared to the actual tooth length. Interclass correlation coefficients and failure rate for each method and their combinations were calculated using STATA 12.0 software. Results The measurements obtained through all the three techniques showed high interclass correlation coefficients and excellent level of agreement. The failure rate of measurements obtained through conventional radiography, digital radiography and electronic apex locators was 38, 30 and 22% respectively. Combination of conventional radiography with electronic apex locator showed an accuracy of 90%, while combination of digital radiographs and electronic apex locators given an accuracy of 96%. Conclusion A combination of digital radiographic and apex locator methods for determining the root canal length in permanent teeth can be considered safe, reliable and precise.

scholarly journals Residual smear layer after root canal instrumentation by using Niti, M-Wire and CM-Wire instruments: A scanning electron microscopy analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Machado ◽  
Daniel Comparin ◽  
Eduardo Donato Eing Engelke Back ◽  
Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia ◽  
Luiz Rômulo Alberton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Root Canal Instrumentation ◽  
Reciprocating Systems ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of residual smear layer after root canal instrumentation by using Ni-Ti, M-Wire, and CM-Wire instruments. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two mandibular incisors were randomly divided into six groups according to the system used: WaveOne (WO), Reciproc (RP), Unicone (UC), ProTaper Next (PN), Mtwo (MT), and HyFlex (HF). Afterward, the specimens were cleaved in the mesiodistal and buccolingual direction for analysis by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Considering both directions and root canal thirds, there was no difference between HF, MT, and PN. RP, UC, and WO presented a significant difference between the directions, and the cervical third showed a significantly smaller quantity of residual smear layer compared with the apical third. When the systems were compared among them, there was a significant difference only between RP and WO. Conclusions: Residual smear layer observed after instrumentation with the different systems was similar, except for quantities between the reciprocating systems.

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