scholarly journals Assessment of Glacier Area Change in the Tekes River Basin, Central Tien Shan, Kazakhstan Between 1976 and 2013 Using Landsat and KH-9 Imagery

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zamira Usmanova ◽  
Maria Shahgedanova ◽  
Igor Severskiy ◽  
Gennady Nosenko ◽  
Vassiliy Kapitsa
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurement ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Glacier Recession ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recession Rates ◽  
Northern Tien Shan

Abstract. Changes in glacierized area in the Kazakhstani sector of the Tekes River basin were assessed using Landsat and KH-9 imagery from 2013, 1992 and 1976. Between 1992 and 2013, the combined area of 118 glaciers declined from 121.4 ± 9.2 km2 to 105.0 ± 5.5 km2. The total area loss was 16.4 ± 5.9 km2 or 13.5 ± 7.5 %. The rate of area reduction was 0.78 km2 a-1 or 0.64 % a-1. This rate is lower than in other regions of northern Tien Shan because of the presence of several large glaciers in the sample. The combined glacier area in 2013 exceeds the combined glacier area reported by the RGI5.0/GAMDAM inventories for 1999–2003 by 24 % because the latter did not include glacierized areas on slopes exceeding 40° and a number of small glaciers. Changes in the recession rates between 1976, 1992 and 2013 were examined using a sub-sample of 28 glaciers which occupied 61% of the total glacierized area in 1992 and 64 % in 2013. These glaciers lost 8.3 ± 5.6 % in the 1976–1992 period, 8.4 ± 5.9 % in the 1992–2013 period and 16.0 ± 5.8 % between 1976 and 2013. The recession rates were 0.52 ± 0.35 % a-1 in 1976–1992 and 0.40 ± 0.28 % a-1 in 1992–2013 and although they appear to indicate a slow down in the glacier recession, the change in the retreat rates is within the uncertainty of measurement. The relative reduction in glacier area in the sub-sample is lower than for the basin as a whole because of a larger size of glaciers. Temperature increase was observed in all seasons reaching 0.18 °C per 10 years in summer and 0.39 °C per 10 years in autumn in the 1947–2015 period. Precipitation exhibited strong variability declining between 1952 and 1977 and then increasing until 2000s with a number of dry years in the 2010s. There was no statistically significant difference between the means of annual precipitation in the 1952–1977 and 1977–2015 periods. Combined with the nearly steady recession rates, this suggests that it is an increase in summer, late spring and early autumn temperature that drives glacier retreat.

The Current State of Medical Plants of Northern Tien Shan (in the Eastern Part of the Northern Macroslope of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too Ridge and Chymyndy-Sai River Basin)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
A. Zh. Kendirbaeva ◽  
K. T. Shalpykov ◽  
N. A. Rogova ◽  
A. K. Dolotbakov ◽  
N. T. Sadykova
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Current State ◽  
Medical Plants ◽  
Northern Tien Shan

scholarly journals Glacier Area and Snow Cover Changes in the Range System Surrounding Tarim from 2000 to 2020 Using Google Earth Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5117
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Li Jia ◽  
Massimo Menenti ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Shaoting Ren
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
The West ◽  
Snow Cover Area

Glacier and snow are sensitive indicators of regional climate variability. In the early 21st century, glaciers in the West Kunlun and Pamir regions showed stable or even slightly positive mass budgets, and this is anomalous in a worldwide context of glacier recession. We studied the evolution of snow cover to understand whether it could explain the evolution of glacier area. In this study, we used the thresholding of the NDSI (Normalized Difference Snow Index) retrieved with MODIS data to extract annual glacier area and snow cover. We evaluated how the glacier trends related to snow cover area in five subregions in the Tarim Basin. The uncertainty in our retrievals was assessed by comparing MODIS results with the Landsat-5 TM in 2000 and Landsat-8 OLI in 2020 glacier delineation in five subregions. The glacier area in the Tarim Basin decreased by 1.32%/a during 2000–2020. The fastest reductions were in the East Tien Shan region, while the slowest relative reduction rate was observed in the West Tien Shan and Pamir, i.e., 0.69%/a and 1.08%/a, respectively, during 2000–2020. The relative glacier stability in Pamir may be related to the westerlies weather system, which dominates climate in this region. We studied the temporal variability of snow cover on different temporal scales. The analysis of the monthly snow cover showed that permanent snow can be reliably delineated in the months from July to September. During the summer months, the sequence of multiple snowfall and snowmelt events leads to intermittent snow cover, which was the key feature applied to discriminate snow and glacier.

scholarly journals Analysis of Glacier Area Recession in Vodudahue River Basin and Its Relation with Climate Change

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Climate Variations ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Glacier Recession ◽  
Multi Temporal

This research analyses the glacier recession in the surface area of the Vodudahue river basin glaciers located in Chile, at Comau fjord. A multi-temporal analysis was performed by utilizing Landsat imagery from 1987 to 2017 at a 10-year interval. Also, climate variations regarding temperature and precipitation provided by San Ignacio de Huinay weather station were analyzed. The results show a close relation between the glacier recession in the surface area of identified glaciers and the climate variability in recent years.

Can the mass balance of the entire glacier area of the Tien Shan be estimated?

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
M.B. Dyurgerov ◽  
M.G. Kunakhovitch ◽  
V.N. Mikhalenko ◽  
A. M. Sokalskaya ◽  
V. A. Kuzmichenok
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Exponential Dependence ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
Boundary Area

The total area of glacierization of the Tien Shan in the boundary area of the USSR is about 8000 km2. The computation of mass balance was determined for this area in 12 river basins.In computation procedure, the vertical profile of snow accumulation in these regions and exponential dependence of variation of ablation with altitude are used. Thus the mass balance in each basin, bn, was calculated on the basis of these curves and represented in its relation with the equilibrium line altitude (ELA). It is shown that the relation ELA = f(bn) is linear when the range of bn values is close to zero, and in all altitude intervals this relation can be described by hypsographic curves, in all basins bn positive up to an ELA elevation of 3450 to 3500 m a.s.l. For average annual altitude of ELA, bn is negative for all regions. So the glaciers of these mountains add about 4 km3 of water to the total annual runoff.

scholarly journals Can the cytokine adsorber CytoSorb® help to mitigate cytokine storm and reduce mortality in critically ill patients? A propensity score matching analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Scharf ◽  
Ines Schroeder ◽  
Michael Paal ◽  
Martin Winkels ◽  
Michael Irlbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Saps Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background A cytokine storm is life threatening for critically ill patients and is mainly caused by sepsis or severe trauma. In combination with supportive therapy, the cytokine adsorber Cytosorb® (CS) is increasingly used for the treatment of cytokine storm. However, it is questionable whether its use is actually beneficial in these patients. Methods Patients with an interleukin-6 (IL-6) > 10,000 pg/ml were retrospectively included between October 2014 and May 2020 and were divided into two groups (group 1: CS therapy; group 2: no CS therapy). Inclusion criteria were a regularly measured IL-6 and, for patients allocated to group 1, CS therapy for at least 90 min. A propensity score (PS) matching analysis with significant baseline differences as predictors (Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, renal replacement therapy, IL-6, lactate and norepinephrine demand) was performed to compare both groups (adjustment tolerance: < 0.05; standardization tolerance: < 10%). U-test and Fisher’s-test were used for independent variables and the Wilcoxon test was used for dependent variables. Results In total, 143 patients were included in the initial evaluation (group 1: 38; group 2: 105). Nineteen comparable pairings could be formed (mean initial IL-6: 58,385 vs. 59,812 pg/ml; mean SAPS II: 77 vs. 75). There was a significant reduction in IL-6 in patients with (p < 0.001) and without CS treatment (p = 0.005). However, there was no significant difference (p = 0.708) in the median relative reduction in both groups (89% vs. 80%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the relative change in C-reactive protein, lactate, or norepinephrine demand in either group and the in-hospital mortality was similar between groups (73.7%). Conclusion Our study showed no difference in IL-6 reduction, hemodynamic stabilization, or mortality in patients with Cytosorb® treatment compared to a matched patient population.

scholarly journals High Mountain Asian glacier response to climate revealed by multi-temporal satellite observations since the 1960s

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanu Bhattacharya ◽  
Tobias Bolch ◽  
Kriti Mukherjee ◽  
Owen King ◽  
Brian Menounos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Northern Tien Shan

AbstractKnowledge about the long-term response of High Mountain Asian glaciers to climatic variations is paramount because of their important role in sustaining Asian river flow. Here, a satellite-based time series of glacier mass balance for seven climatically different regions across High Mountain Asia since the 1960s shows that glacier mass loss rates have persistently increased at most sites. Regional glacier mass budgets ranged from −0.40 ± 0.07 m w.e.a−1 in Central and Northern Tien Shan to −0.06 ± 0.07 m w.e.a−1 in Eastern Pamir, with considerable temporal and spatial variability. Highest rates of mass loss occurred in Central Himalaya and Northern Tien Shan after 2015 and even in regions where glaciers were previously in balance with climate, such as Eastern Pamir, mass losses prevailed in recent years. An increase in summer temperature explains the long-term trend in mass loss and now appears to drive mass loss even in regions formerly sensitive to both temperature and precipitation.

scholarly journals Successful elimination of bilirubin in critically ill patients with acute liver dysfunction using a cytokine adsorber and albumin dialysis: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Scharf ◽  
Uwe Liebchen ◽  
Michael Paal ◽  
Andrea Becker-Pennrich ◽  
Michael Irlbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Organ Support ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Albumin Dialysis ◽  
Liver Support ◽  
Artificial Liver Support ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThere are different methods of artificial liver support for patients with acute liver dysfunction (ALD). However, CytoSorb (CS) might be a new approved option for those patients. Question of interest is whether the elimination performance of CS was comparable to that of advanced organ support (ADVOS). Patients, treated with CS (integrated into high-flux dialysis) or ADVOS and a total bilirubin > 10 mg/dl were included. Laboratory parameters were evaluated before starting therapy (d0) and 12–24 h thereafter (d1). The Wilcoxon-test with associated samples was used for statistical analysis. Thirty-nine patients (33 CS, 6 ADVOS) were included. The median bilirubin at d0 was 16.9 and 17.7 mg/dl and at d1 was 13.2 and 15.9 mg/dl, in the CS and ADVOS group, respectively. There was a significant bilirubin reduction as well in the CS group (p < 0.001, median relative reduction: 22.5%) as in the ADVOS group (p = 0.028, median relative reduction: 22.8%). There was no significant difference in the relative bilirubin reduction between CS and ADVOS therapies. The use of CytoSorb and ADVOS in patients with ALD led to a significant and comparable decrease in total bilirubin. The easy use of CS might be an advantage compared to other procedures.

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