scholarly journals On soil textural classifications and soil-texture-based estimations

Solid Earth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Martín ◽  
Yakov A. Pachepsky ◽  
Carlos García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Miguel Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Texture Representation

Abstract. The soil texture representation with the standard textural fraction triplet sand–silt–clay is commonly used to estimate soil properties. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that other fraction sizes in the triplets may provide a better representation of soil texture for estimating some soil parameters. We estimated the cumulative particle size distribution and bulk density from an entropy-based representation of the textural triplet with experimental data for 6240 soil samples. The results supported the hypothesis. For example, simulated distributions were not significantly different from the original ones in 25 and 85 % of cases when the sand–silt–clay and very coarse+coarse + medium sand − fine + very fine sand − silt+clay were used, respectively. When the same standard and modified triplets were used to estimate the average bulk density, the coefficients of determination were 0.001 and 0.967, respectively. Overall, the textural triplet selection appears to be application and data specific.

scholarly journals On soil textural classifications and soil texture-based estimations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Martín ◽  
Yakov A. Pachepsky ◽  
Carlos García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Miguel Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Texture Representation

Abstract. The soil texture representation with the standard textural fraction triplet 'sand-silt-clay' is commonly used to estimate soil properties. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that other fraction sizes in the triplets may provide better representation of soil texture for estimating some soil parameters. We estimated the cumulative particle size distribution and bulk density from entropy-based representation of the textural triplet with experimental data for 6300 soil samples. Results supported the hypothesis. For example, simulated distributions were not significantly different from the original ones in 25 and 85 % of cases when the 'sand-silt-sand' and 'very coarse+coarse + medium sand – fine +very fine sand – silt+clay', were used, respectively. When the same standard and modified triplets were used to estimate the average bulk density, the coefficients of determination were 0.001 and 0.967, respectively. Overall, the textural triplet selection appears to be application- and data-specific.

scholarly journals Computer Simulation of Volume Shrinkage after Mixing Container Media Components

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Burés ◽  
Franklin A. Pokorny ◽  
David P. Landau ◽  
Alan M. Ferrenberg
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Coarse Particles

A FORTRAN computer program was developed to simulate packing of spherical particles via a Monte Carlo procedure. Shrinkage in volume upon mixing different particle sizes was studied and simulated results were compared with experimental data. Maximum experimental shrinkage was obtained when the proportion of coarse particles of pine bark and sand mixtures ranged from 50% to 70% of the volume. Experimental shrinkage of a mixture of coarse and fine sand was closely reproduced by means of simulation. Particle size distribution appears to be the most important factor in relation to shrinkage and also in the establishment of relationships between the simulated and the experimental system.

scholarly journals The influence of tillage and crops on particle size distribution of water-eroded soil sediment on Stagnosol

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kisic ◽  
I. Bogunovic ◽  
D. Bilandzija
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Soil Sediments

The influences of six different tillage treatments and five different crops on soil losses by water erosion were studied during a twenty-year period (1995–2014) on Stagnosol in central lowland Croatia. The aim of the study was to determine how the quantity of soil sediment, different tillage treatments and crops influence the particle size distribution (PSD) of soil sediment. During the studied period, total number of non-eroded soil samples was 60 and total number of soil sediments samples was 445. Significantly lower amounts of fine sand and higher amounts of clay and silt were determined in sediments compared to the non-eroded soil regardless of cover crop and tillage treatment, with the exception of bare cultivated soil. Generally, when quantities of soil sediments were higher, textural differences between non-eroded and eroded soil were lower. Very week negative correlation was determined between the quantity of soil sediment and the content of clay (r = –0.25) as well as the content of silt (r = –0.23). A very weak positive correlation (r = 0.23) was determined between the content of fine sand and the quantity of soil sediment, while non correlation (r = –0.02) was determined between the content of coarse sand and the quantity of soil sediment.

Effects of Multiple Impacts and Size Distribution of Particles on Erosion Predictions Using CFD

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Brenton S. McLaury ◽  
Siamack A. Shirzai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Multiple Impacts ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Erosion Damage ◽  
Wide Range

Erosion equations are usually obtained from experiments by impacting solid particles entrained in a gas or liquid on a target material. The erosion equations are utilized in CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) models to predict erosion damage caused by solid particle impingements. Many erosion equations are provided in terms of an erosion ratio. By definition, the erosion ratio is the mass loss of target material divided by the mass of impacting particles. The mass of impacting particles is the summation of (particle mass × number of impacts) of each particle. In erosion experiments conducted to determine erosion equations, some particles may impact the target wall many times and some other particles may not impact the target at all. Therefore, the experimental data may not reflect the actual erosion ratio because the mass of the sand that is used to run the experiments is assumed to be the mass of the impacting particles. CFD and particle trajectory simulations are applied in the present work to study effects of multiple impacts on developing erosion ratio equations. The erosion equation as well as the CFD-based erosion modeling procedure is validated against a variety of experimental data. The results show that the effect of multiple impacts is negligible in air cases. In water cases, however, this effect needs to be accounted for especially for small particles. This makes it impractical to develop erosion ratio equations from experimental data obtained for tests with sand in water or dense gases. Many factors affecting erosion damage are accounted for in various erosion equations. In addition to some well-studied parameters such as particle impacting speed and impacting angle, particle size also plays a significant role in the erosion process. An average particle size is usually used in analyzing experimental data or estimating erosion damage cases of practical interest. In petroleum production applications, however, the size of sand particles that are entrained in produced fluids can vary over a fairly broad range. CFD simulations are also performed to study the effect of particle size distribution. In CFD simulations, particle sizes are normally distributed with the mean equaling the average size of interest and the standard deviation varying over a wide range. Based on CFD simulations, an equation is developed and can be applied to account for the effect of the particle size distribution on erosion prediction for gases and liquids.

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for rapid screening of particle size in soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maame Croffie ◽  
Paul N. Williams ◽  
Owen Fenton ◽  
Anna Fenelon ◽  
Karen Daly
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray

<p>Soil texture is an essential factor for effective land management in agricultural production. Knowledge of soil texture and particle size at field scale can aid with on-going soil management decisions. Standard soil physical and gravimetric methods for particle size analysis are time-consuming and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) provides a rapid and cost-effective alternative. The objective of this study was to explore the use of XRF as a predictor for particle size. An extensive archive of Irish soils with particle size and soil texture data was used to select samples for XRF analysis. Regression and correlation analyses on XRF determined results showed that the relationship between Rb and % clay varied with soil type and was dependent on the parent material. There was a strong relationship (R > 0.62, R<sup>2</sup>>0.30, p<0.05) between Rb and clay for soils originating from bedrock such as limestones and slate. Contrastingly, no significant relationship (R<0.03, R<sup>2</sup>=0.00, p>0.05) exists between Rb and % clay for soils originating from granite and gneiss. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) between Rb and % sand. The XRF is a useful technique for rough screening of particle size distribution in soils originating from certain parent materials. Thus, this may contribute to the rapid prediction of soil texture based on knowledge of the particle size distribution.</p><p> </p>

Modeling the Production Technology of Fully-Pressed Bi-Metal Powder Materials and Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 570-575
Author(s):  
Badrudin G. Gasanov ◽  
Abakar B. Gasanov ◽  
Artem A. Aganov
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Metal Powder ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Loading Devices

The features of calculating the thickness of the layers of bimetallic powder products without holes and the type of bushings are shown. The effect of the particle size distribution of the powders, the kinematic and geometric parameters of the loading devices and molds on the mechanism of the expiration of the powder mixture and on the thickness of the layers of the molded product is studied. A technique has been developed for determining the dimensions of the feeder cassette and tooling, depending on the overall dimensions and thicknesses of the working layers, in the production of whole-pressed bimetallic products on press machines with a vertical arrangement of layers. It was found that the thickness of each layer of bimetallic products depends on the geometric parameters of the feeder cassette and tooling, bulk density, particle size distribution and other characteristics of the powders, as well as on the speed of lowering the lower punch ν1 .

scholarly journals Applicability of laser diffraction analyses in soil physics practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
András Makó ◽  
József Szabó ◽  
Zsófia Bakacsi ◽  
Sándor Koós ◽  
Gabriella Hauk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
Boundary Values ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Soil Database ◽  
First Results

In this research we present the first results how can be used laser diffraction measurement in soil physics practice. The main goals are understanding differences of particle size distribution (PSD) measurments, developing converting methods of PSD data of different determinations. In order to realization of this survey a representative soil database of Hungarian soil types was built up. We compared PSDs of 157 soil samples measured with sieve-pipette method (SPM) and laser diffractometer technique (Malvern Mastersizer 2000) (LDM). Soil textural classes were also determined using the USDA texture triangle. We used the clay/silt fraction boundary values (clay < 0.0066 mm; silt: 0.0066 - 0.05 mm) introduced for the LDM data in order to take them comparable to PSD data determined by the SPM: We got higher similarities of clay and silt fractions of the modified size boundary values. For the used dataset correspondence of texture classes derived from SPM and LDM PSD data, however is not higher than 60%.

IMPACT OF FALLOWS ON THE WATER-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CHESTNUT SOILS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-527
Author(s):  
S.O. Kanzyvaa ◽  
◽  
S.B.N. Kuzhuget ◽  
N.D. Chadamba ◽  
A.V. Khuurak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Moisture Capacity ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
The Republic

Modern arable land in the Republic of Tyva is located on chestnut soils (69%) and chernozems (25%), but the former are characterized by low fertility. Soil fertility depends on the particle size distribution, structure, water-air regime, etc. Durind agricultural use of soils, the disturbance of the structure, especially of light particle size distribution, as well as depletion of humus and nutrient reserves can occur in them. Therefore, the aim of our work was to identify the influence of fallows on the change in the waterphysical properties of chestnut soils of the BarunKhemchiksky district of the Republic of Tyva. The chestnut soils of fallow and arable lands of the Barun-Khemchiksky district of the Republic of Tyva with the laying of two soil sections in arable and fallow fields were chosen as the object of the study. Soil samples from two horizons (arable and subsurface) were selected by the five-spot method. The water properties of these soils were subjected to the following analyzes: determining the water permeability of the soil according to the method of N. A. Kachinsky, determining the speed and height of rising water, determining the total capillary moisture capacity. As a result, it was found that the soil cover of the studied territories is represented by light loamy chestnut soils. Samples of fallow soil showed good water permeability with the amount of incoming water 80–100 mm per 1 hour. The water-lifting rate of soil arable land samples is slightly greater than the soil samples of the fallow: the soil sample of the arable layer of the arable land was completely moistened after 20 minutes, and the soil sample of the arable horizon of the fallow – only after 40 minutes. The moisture capacity of the fallow soil samples turned to be slightly higher than the arable land. An analysis of the studied samples indicates the improvement in the water-physical properties of the chestnut soils of the fallow compared with the arable field. Relatively low moisture capacity and accelerated water capacity indicate a destroyed and dispersed structure of arable land.

scholarly journals Particle size distribution of sawdust and wood shavings mixtures

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vítěz ◽  
P. Trávníček
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Number Of Particles

Particle size distribution of the sample of waste sawdust and wood shavings mixtures were made with two commonly used methods of mathematical models by Rosin-Rammler (RR model) and by Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann (GGS model).On the basis of network analysis distribution function F (d) (mass fraction) and density function f (d) (number of particles captured between two screens) were obtained. Experimental data were evaluated using the RR model and GGS model, both models were compared. Better results were achieved with GGS model, which leads to a more accurate separation of the different particle sizes in order to obtain a better industrial profit of the material.

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