scholarly journals Prediction of the area affected by earthquake-induced landsliding based on seismological parameters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odin Marc ◽  
Patrick Meunier ◽  
Niels Hovius
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Rupture Directivity ◽  
Source Depth ◽  
Landslide Area ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Critical Acceleration ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Landslide Volume ◽  
Landslide Distribution

Abstract. We present an analytical, seismologically consistent expression for the surface area of the region within which landslides induced by a given earthquake are distributed. The expression is based on scaling laws relating seismic moment, source depth and focal mechanism with ground shaking and fault rupture length and assumes a globally constant critical acceleration for onset of systematic mass wasting. The seismological assumptions are identical to those recently used to propose a seismologically consistent expression for total landslide volume and area. To test the accuracy of the model we gathered geophysical information and estimates of the landslide distribution area for 83 earthquakes. To reduce uncertainties and inconsistencies in the estimation of the landslide distribution area, we propose an objective definition based on the shortest distance from the seimsic wave emission line containing 95 % of the total landslide area. Without any empirical calibration the model explains 56 % of the variance in our dataset, and predicts 35 to 49 out of 83 cases within a factor two, depending on how we account for uncertainties on the seismic source depth. For most cases with comprehensive landslide inventories we show that our prediction compares well with the smallest region around the fault containing 95 % of the total landslide area. Aspects ignored by the model that could explain the residuals include, local variations of the critical acceleration and processes modulating the surface ground shaking, such as the distribution of seismic energy release on the fault plane, the dynamic stress drop or the rupture directivity. Nevertheless, its simplicity and first order accuracy suggest that the model can yield plausible and useful estimates of the landslide distribution area in near-real time, with earthquake parameters issued by standard detection routines.

scholarly journals Prediction of the area affected by earthquake-induced landsliding based on seismological parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1159-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odin Marc ◽  
Patrick Meunier ◽  
Niels Hovius
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Rupture Directivity ◽  
Source Depth ◽  
Landslide Area ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Landslide Distribution

Abstract. We present an analytical, seismologically consistent expression for the surface area of the region within which most landslides triggered by an earthquake are located (landslide distribution area). This expression is based on scaling laws relating seismic moment, source depth, and focal mechanism with ground shaking and fault rupture length and assumes a globally constant threshold of acceleration for onset of systematic mass wasting. The seismological assumptions are identical to those recently used to propose a seismologically consistent expression for the total volume and area of landslides triggered by an earthquake. To test the accuracy of the model we gathered geophysical information and estimates of the landslide distribution area for 83 earthquakes. To reduce uncertainties and inconsistencies in the estimation of the landslide distribution area, we propose an objective definition based on the shortest distance from the seismic wave emission line containing 95 % of the total landslide area. Without any empirical calibration the model explains 56 % of the variance in our dataset, and predicts 35 to 49 out of 83 cases within a factor of 2, depending on how we account for uncertainties on the seismic source depth. For most cases with comprehensive landslide inventories we show that our prediction compares well with the smallest region around the fault containing 95 % of the total landslide area. Aspects ignored by the model that could explain the residuals include local variations of the threshold of acceleration and processes modulating the surface ground shaking, such as the distribution of seismic energy release on the fault plane, the dynamic stress drop, and rupture directivity. Nevertheless, its simplicity and first-order accuracy suggest that the model can yield plausible and useful estimates of the landslide distribution area in near-real time, with earthquake parameters issued by standard detection routines.

scholarly journals Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: The 2016 <i>M<sub>W</sub></i> 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian von Specht ◽  
Ugur Ozturk ◽  
Georg Veh ◽  
Fabrice Cotton ◽  
Oliver Korup
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Rupture Directivity ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Directivity Effect ◽  
Seismic Rupture ◽  
Landslide Distribution

Abstract. The propagation of a seismic rupture on a fault introduces spatial variations in the seismic wavefield surrounding the fault during an earthquake. This directivity effect results in larger shaking amplitudes in the rupture propagation direction. Its seismic radiation pattern also causes amplitude variations between the strike-normal and strike-parallel components of horizontal ground motion. We investigated the landslide response to these effects during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (MW 7.1) in central Kyūshū (Japan). Although the distribution of some 1,500 earthquake-triggered landslides as function of rupture distance is consistent with the observed Arias intensity, the landslides are more concentrated to the northeast of the southwest-northeast striking rupture. We examined several landslide susceptibility factors: hillslope inclination, median amplification factor (MAF) of ground shaking, lithology, land cover, and topographic wetness. None of these factors can sufficiently explain the landslide distribution or orientation (aspect), although the landslide headscarps coincide with elevated hillslope inclination and MAF. We propose a new physics-based ground motion model that accounts for the seismic rupture effects, and demonstrate that the low-frequency seismic radiation pattern consistent with the overall landslide distribution. The spatial landslide distribution is primarily influenced by the rupture directivity effect, whereas landslide aspect is influenced by amplitude variations between the fault-normal and fault-parallel motion at frequencies

scholarly journals Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: the 2016 <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake

Solid Earth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian von Specht ◽  
Ugur Ozturk ◽  
Georg Veh ◽  
Fabrice Cotton ◽  
Oliver Korup
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Rupture Directivity ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Directivity Effect ◽  
Seismic Rupture ◽  
Landslide Distribution

Abstract. The propagation of a seismic rupture on a fault introduces spatial variations in the seismic wave field surrounding the fault. This directivity effect results in larger shaking amplitudes in the rupture propagation direction. Its seismic radiation pattern also causes amplitude variations between the strike-normal and strike-parallel components of horizontal ground motion. We investigated the landslide response to these effects during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (Mw 7.1) in central Kyushu (Japan). Although the distribution of some 1500 earthquake-triggered landslides as a function of rupture distance is consistent with the observed Arias intensity, the landslides were more concentrated to the northeast of the southwest–northeast striking rupture. We examined several landslide susceptibility factors: hillslope inclination, the median amplification factor (MAF) of ground shaking, lithology, land cover, and topographic wetness. None of these factors sufficiently explains the landslide distribution or orientation (aspect), although the landslide head scarps have an elevated hillslope inclination and MAF. We propose a new physics-based ground-motion model (GMM) that accounts for the seismic rupture effects, and we demonstrate that the low-frequency seismic radiation pattern is consistent with the overall landslide distribution. Its spatial pattern is influenced by the rupture directivity effect, whereas landslide aspect is influenced by amplitude variations between the fault-normal and fault-parallel motion at frequencies <2 Hz. This azimuth dependence implies that comparable landslide concentrations can occur at different distances from the rupture. This quantitative link between the prevalent landslide aspect and the low-frequency seismic radiation pattern can improve coseismic landslide hazard assessment.

scholarly journals Distribution Pattern of Coseismic Landslides Triggered by the 2017 Jiuzhaigou Ms 7.0 Earthquake of China: Control of Seismic Landslide Susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Xiao-li Chen ◽  
Xin-jian Shan ◽  
Ming-ming Wang ◽  
Chun-guo Liu ◽  
Na-na Han
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Landslide Area ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Critical Acceleration ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Coseismic Landslide ◽  
Seismic Landslide

On 8 August 2017 an earthquake (MS7.0) occurred within Jiuzhaigou County, Northern Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, triggering 4834 landslides with an individual area greater than 7.8 m2 over a more than 400 km2 region. Instead of correlating geological and topographic factors with the coseismic landslide distribution pattern, this study has attempted to reveal the control from seismic landslide susceptibility mapping, which relies on the calculation of critical acceleration values using a simplified Newmark block model. We calculated the average critical acceleration for each cell of the gridded study area (1 km×1 km), which represented the seismic landslide susceptibility of the cell. An index of the potential landslide area generation rate was defined, i.e., the possible landsliding area in each grid cell. In combination with PGA (peak ground acceleration) distribution, we calculated such indexes for each cell to predict the possible landslide hazard under seismic ground shaking. Results show that seismic landslide susceptibility plays an important role in determining the coseismic landslide pattern. The places with high seismic landslide susceptibility tends to host many landslides. Additionally, the areas with high potential landslide area generation rates have high real landslide occurrence rates, consistent with dominant small-medium scale landslides by this earthquake. This approach can aid assessment of seismic landslide hazards at a preliminary stage. Additionally, it forms a foundation for further research, such as the rapid evaluation of post-earthquake landslides and identifying highly impacted areas to help decision makers prioritize disaster relief efforts.

2017 Mw 8.1 Tehuantepec Earthquake: Deep Slip and Rupture Directivity Enhance Ground Shaking but Weaken the Tsunami

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 1314-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kejie Chen ◽  
Wanpeng Feng ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Y. Tony Song
Keyword(s):  
Rupture Directivity ◽  
Ground Shaking

scholarly journals The large number coincidence, the cosmic coincidence and the critical acceleration

2006 ◽  
Vol 462 (2076) ◽  
pp. 3657-3661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Funkhouser
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Coincidence Problem ◽  
Critical Acceleration ◽  
Physical Connection ◽  
Cosmic Parameters

The coincidence problem among the pure numbers of order near 10 40 is resolved with the Raychaudhuri and Friedmann–Robertson–Lemaitre–Walker equations and a trivial relationship involving the fine structure constant. The fact that the large number coincidence occurs only in the same epoch in which other coincidences among cosmic parameters occur could be considered a distinct coincidence problem suggesting an underlying physical connection. A natural set of scaling laws for the cosmological constant and the critical acceleration is identified that would resolve the coincidence among cosmic coincidences.

scholarly journals Topographic changes due to the 2004 Chuetsu thrusting earthquake in low mountain region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikun Ren ◽  
Takashi Oguchi ◽  
Peizhen Zhang ◽  
Shoichiro Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Volume Estimate ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Landslide Volume ◽  
Seismically Induced Landslides ◽  
Seismic Landslide ◽  
Topographic Evolution

Abstract. The co-seismic landslide volume information is critical to understanding the role of strong earthquake in topographic evolution. However, the co-seismic landslide volumes are mainly obtained using statistical scaling laws, which are not accurate enough for quantitative studies of the spatial pattern of co-seismically induced erosion and the topographic changes caused by the earthquakes. The availability of both pre- and post- earthquake high-resolution DEMs provide us the opportunity to try new approach to get robust landslide volume information. Here, we propose a new method in landslide volume estimate and tested it in Chuetsu region, where a Mw 6.6 earthquake occurred in 2004. Firstly, we align the DEMs by reconstructing the horizontal difference, then we quantitatively obtained the landslide volume in the epicentral area by differencing the pre- and post-earthquake DEMs. We convert the landslide volume into the distribution of average catchment-scale seismically induced denudation. Our results indicate the preserved topography is not only due to the uplifting caused by fault-related folding on the hangwall of Muikamachi fault, but also undergone erosion caused by the seismically induced landslides. Our findings reveal that Chuetsu earthquake mainly roughens the topography in the Chuetsu region of low elevation. This study also reveal that the differential DEM method is a valuable approach in analyzing landslide volume, as well as quantitative geomorphic analysis.

Fast acquisition of focal mechanism based on statistical analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisol Monterrubio-Velasco ◽  
José Carlos Carrasco-Jimenez ◽  
Otilio Rojas ◽  
Juan Esteban Rodríguez ◽  
Josep de la Puente
Keyword(s):  
Focal Mechanism ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Urgent Computing

&lt;p&gt;Earthquake and tsunami early warning systems and post-event urgent computing simulations require of fast and accurate quantification of earthquake parameters such as magnitude, location and Focal Mechanism (FM). Methodologies to estimate earthquake location and magnitude are well-established and in place. However, automatic solutions of FMs are not always provided by operational institutions and are, in some cases, available only after a time-consuming inversion of the wave-forms needed to determine the moment tensor components. This precludes urgent seismic simulations, which aim at providing ground shaking maps with severe time constraints. We propose a new strategy for fast (&lt;60 s) determination of FM based on historical data sets, tested it at five different active seismic regions, Japan, New Zealand, California, Iceland, and Italy. The methodology includes the k-nearest neighbor's algorithm in a spatial dimension domain to search the most similar FMs between the data set. In our research, we focus on moderate to large earthquakes. The comparison algorithm includes the four closest events, and also a hypothetical event building by the median values of strike, dip, and rake of the k-neighbors. The validation stage includes the minimum rotated angle measure to compute the similitude between a pair of FMs. We find three model parameters, such as the minimum number of neighbors, the threshold radius that defines the neighboring sphere, and the magnitude threshold, that could improve the statistical similitude results. Our fast methodology has a 75%-90% agreement with traditional inversion mechanisms, depending on the particular tectonic region and dataset size. Our work is a key component of an urgent computing workflow, where the FM information will be used as input for ground motion simulations. Future work will assess the sensitivity of FM uncertainty in the resulting ground-shaking maps.&lt;/p&gt;

Comparing Sliding Block Procedures for Displacement-Based Design of Earth Structures in Light of Major Chilean Earthquakes

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Tiznado ◽  
Maria Paz Silva ◽  
Natalia Viejo
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Critical Acceleration ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Earth Structures ◽  
Displacement Based ◽  
Selection Of

Current practice for seismic design of earth structures considers the use of displacement-based methods, which allow a quick and quantitative estimation of the movement of soil masses under earthquake loading. This type of procedures are aimed to establish a relationship between (i) the main earthquake parameters, (ii) the critical acceleration, and (iii) the corresponding permanent displacements of the soil structure. In this sense, based on the well-known Newmark’s sliding block method, several regression models intended for design purposes have been proposed during last decades. However, the selection of an appropriate method to predict the expected permanent displacements of a soil mass remains a difficult and somewhat arbitrary practice. In this paper, strong-motion records from four major Chilean earthquakes, grouped by soil conditions, are used to compare and evaluate the suitability of the reviewed methods for assessing the seismic performance of earth structures. From the results obtained, general conclusions and recommendations for practical applications on sites with similar characteristics to the Chilean subduction zone are elaborated.

Damage at Sürgü Dam during May 5, 1986, Malatya, Turkey, Earthquake

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ozkan ◽  
M. Erdik ◽  
C. Yilmaz ◽  
S. Bakir
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
General Information ◽  
Critical Acceleration ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Stability Analyses ◽  
Circular Arch ◽  
Dam Site ◽  
Longitudinal Cracks

On May 5, 1986, an earthquake of magnitude about 6 struck South Anatolia, creating widespread damage at rural structures and causing extensive longitudinal cracks at the crest of Sürgü Dam. In this paper general information about the earthquake is given and the results of block-mass and circular arch types of pseudo-static slope stability analyses are presented. It has been concluded that the critical acceleration levels obtained from the analyses are under the expected acceleration levels at the dam's body during the earthquake. Probabilistic findings based upon seismicity observed in the last century indicate that substantially higher level of ground shaking may occur at the dam site. Such occurrences are considered to cause hazardous damage to the dam.

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