scholarly journals GIS-based Real-time Framework of Debris Flow Hazard Assessment for Expressways in Korea

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Chung ◽  
H. S. Kim ◽  
S. R. Kim ◽  
K. S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Debris Flow Hazard

Abstract. Debris flows caused by heavy rainfall in mountain areas near expressways lead to severe social and economic loss and sometimes even result in casualties. However, in Korea, the design of road structures that resist these debris flow incidents are generally not carried out in a systematic way with proper concepts or procedures. Therefore, the development of a real-time system for debris flow hazard assessment is necessary to provide preliminary information for rapid decision making of evacuations or restoration measures, and to prevent second-hand disasters caused by debris flows. Recently, various map-based approaches have been proposed using multi-attribute criteria and assessment methods for debris flow susceptibilities. However, for the macro-zonation of debris flow hazards at a national scale, a simplified method such as the Korea Expressway Corporation debris flow hazard assessment method is appropriate and also applicable for systemization based on GIS and monitoring networks. In this study, a GIS-based real-time framework of debris flow hazards for expressway sections was newly proposed based on the KEC debris flow hazard assessment method. First, the KEC-based method was standardized in a systematic fashion using ESRI ArcGIS, enabling the objective and quantitative acquisition of various attribute datasets. Also, for a more precise assessment, the quantification of rainfall criteria was considered. Finally, a safety management system for debris flow hazards was developed based on a GIS platform, and was applied and verified on three expressway sections in Korea.

scholarly journals Rockfall and Debris Flow Hazard Assessment in the SW Escarpment of Montagna del Morrone Ridge (Abruzzo, Central Italy)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monia Calista ◽  
Valeria Menna ◽  
Vania Mancinelli ◽  
Nicola Sciarra ◽  
Enrico Miccadei
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Effective Activity ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Gravitational Processes ◽  
Landslide Distribution ◽  
Debris Flow Hazard

The purpose of this research is to estimate the rockfall and debris flow hazard assessment of the SW escarpment of the Montagna del Morrone (Abruzzo, Central Italy). The study investigated the geomorphology of the escarpment, focusing on the type and distribution of the present landforms. Particular attention was devoted to the slope gravity landforms widely developed in this area, where the effective activity of the gravitational processes is mainly related to the rockfall and debris flows and documented by numerous landslides over time. Working from orography, hydrography, lithology, and geomorphology, the landslide distribution and their potential invasion areas were evaluated through two specific numerical modeling software. RAMMS and Rockyfor3D calculation codes were used in order to analyze the debris flow and rockfall type of landslides, respectively. The obtained results are of great interest when evaluating the hazard assessment in relation to the potential landslides. Moreover, the geographic information systems (GIS) provide a new geomorphological zonation mapping, with the identification of the detachment and certain and/or possible invasion areas of the landslide blocks. This method provides an effective tool to support the correct territorial planning and the management of the infrastructural settlements present in the area and human safety.

scholarly journals A GIS-Based Framework for Real-Time Debris-Flow Hazard Assessment for Expressways in Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Saem Kim ◽  
Choong-Ki Chung ◽  
Sang-Rae Kim ◽  
Kyung-Suk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Debris Flow Hazard

Hazard Assessment of Highways Affected by Debris Flows

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 2455-2462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zou
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Disaster Situation ◽  
Damage Process ◽  
Emergency Management Planning ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Debris Flow Hazard

Roads often run across various drainage basins in mountain areas which include complex geographic and geomorphic conditions. Highways in these areas have been frequently interrupted by debris flows. Without emergency management planning, such debris flows can lead to extensive life and property loss. Through analyzing the hazard effect modes and damage process along highways, we developed three key indexes, scale of debris flows, deposits on highways and river blockage, to describe the highway disasters quantitatively. According to actual investigation, we proposed new methods to determine the value of hazard indexes. Subsequently, we developed the assessment and mapping methods for highways safety by using hazard degree of debris flow. The hazard is graded into 4 grades as extreme low, low hazard, medium and high hazard level. Through applying this method, a case study was carried out on national highway G318 in Xiqu River basin. After analyzing debris flow hazard for the whole highway, the assessment results are consistent with the field surveyed data which indicate actual disaster situation. This hazard method can objectively evaluate the debris-flow hazard along highways, and is useful for highway reconstruction in mountainous areas suffering from active debris flows.

The Debris Flow Disaster Faster-Than-Early Forecast System (DFS) with Multi-Sensors Integrated Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 347-350 ◽  
pp. 975-979
Author(s):  
Rong Zhao ◽  
Cai Hong Li ◽  
Yun Jian Tan ◽  
Jun Shi ◽  
Fu Qiang Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Forecast System ◽  
Debris Flow Disaster

This paper presents a Debris Flow Disaster Faster-than-early Forecast System (DFS) with wireless sensor networks. Debris flows carrying saturated solid materials in water flowing downslope often cause severe damage to the lives and properties in their path. Faster-than-early or faster-than-real-time forecasts are imperative to save lives and reduce damage. This paper presents a novel multi-sensor networks for monitoring debris flows. The main idea is to let these sensors drift with the debris flow, to collect flow information as they move along, and to transmit the collected data to base stations in real time. The Raw data are sent to the cloud processing center from the base station. And the processed data and the video of the debris flow are display on the remote PC. The design of the system address many challenging issues, including cost, deployment efforts, and fast reaction.

scholarly journals Applications of simulation technique on debris-flow hazard zone delineation: a case study in Hualien County, Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Hsu ◽  
L. B. Chiou ◽  
G. F. Lin ◽  
C. H. Chao ◽  
H. Y. Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Hazard Zone ◽  
Debris Flow Hazard ◽  
Debris Flow Disaster ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Debris flows pose severe hazards to communities in mountainous areas, often resulting in the loss of life and property. Helping debris-flow-prone communities delineate potential hazard zones provides local authorities with useful information for developing emergency plans and disaster management policies. In 2003, the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau of Taiwan proposed an empirical model to delineate hazard zones for all creeks (1420 in total) with potential of debris flows and utilized the model to help establish a hazard prevention system. However, the model does not fully consider hydrologic and physiographical conditions for a given creek in simulation. The objective of this study is to propose new approaches that can improve hazard zone delineation accuracy and simulate hazard zones in response to different rainfall intensity. In this study, a two-dimensional commercial model FLO-2D, physically based and taking into account the momentum and energy conservation of flow, was used to simulate debris-flow inundated areas. Sensitivity analysis with the model was conducted to determine the main influence parameters which affect debris flow simulation. Results indicate that the roughness coefficient, yield stress and volumetric sediment concentration dominate the computed results. To improve accuracy of the model, the study examined the performance of the rainfall-runoff model of FLO-2D as compared with that of the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran) model, and then the proper values of the significant parameters were evaluated through the calibration process. Results reveal that the HSPF model has a better performance than the FLO-2D model at peak flow and flow recession period, and the volumetric sediment concentration and yield stress can be estimated by the channel slope. The validation of the model for simulating debris-flow hazard zones has been confirmed by a comparison of field evidence from historical debris-flow disaster data. The model can successfully replicate the influence zone of the debris-flow disaster event with an acceptable error and demonstrate a better result than the empirical model adopted by the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau of Taiwan.

scholarly journals 2D Runout Modelling of Hillslope Debris Flows, Based on Well-Documented Events in Switzerland

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Zimmermann ◽  
Brian W. McArdell ◽  
Christian Rickli ◽  
Christian Scheidl
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Friction Parameters ◽  
Cohesive Interaction ◽  
Hillslope Debris Flow

In mountain areas, mass movements, such as hillslope debris flows, pose a serious threat to people and infrastructure, although size and runout distances are often smaller than those of debris avalanches or in-channel-based processes like debris floods or debris flows. Hillslope debris-flow events can be regarded as a unique process that generally can be observed at steep slopes. The delimitation of endangered areas and the implementation of protective measures are therefore an important instrument within the framework of a risk analysis, especially in the densely populated area of the alpine region. Here, two-dimensional runout prediction methods are helpful tools in estimating possible travel lengths and affected areas. However, not many studies focus on 2D runout estimations specifically for hillslope debris-flow processes. Based on data from 19 well-documented hillslope debris-flow events in Switzerland, we performed a systematic evaluation of runout simulations conducted with the software Rapid Mass Movement Simulation: Debris Flow (RAMMS DF)—a program originally developed for runout estimation of debris flows and snow avalanches. RAMMS offers the possibility to use a conventional Voellmy-type shear stress approach to describe the flow resistance as well as to consider cohesive interaction as it occurs in the core of dense flows with low shear rates, like we also expect for hillslope debris-flow processes. The results of our study show a correlation between the back-calculated dry Coulomb friction parameters and the percentage of clay content of the mobilised soils. Considering cohesive interaction, the performance of all simulations was improved in terms of reducing the overestimation of the observed deposition areas. However, the results also indicate that the parameter which accounts for cohesive interaction can neither be related to soil physical properties nor to different saturation conditions.

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