scholarly journals Faulting patterns determining groundwater flow paths in the Lower Yarmouk Gorge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimrod Inbar ◽  
Eliahu Rosenthal ◽  
Fabien Magri ◽  
Marwan Alraggad ◽  
Peter Möller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Dead Sea Transform ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Fault Block ◽  
Geological Features

Abstract. Recent studies investigating groundwater parameters e.g. heads, chemical composition and heat transfer, argued that groundwater flow paths in the Lower Yarmouk Gorge area are controlled by geological features such as faults or dikes (Goretzki et al., 2016; Magri et al., 2016; Roded et al., 2013; Siebert et al., 2014). However, the nature of such features as well as their exact locations were previously unknown. In the present manuscript, we propose a new fault pattern in the Lower Yarmouk Gorge area constructed by compiling and revising geological and geophysical data from the study area including borehole information, geological maps cross-sections and seismic data from southern Golan Heights and northern Ajloun Mountain. The presented pattern is composed of strike-slip and thrust faults, which are associated with the Dead Sea Transform system and with the Kinnarot pull-apart basin. Compressional and tensional structures developed in different places forming a series of fault-blocks probably causing a non-uniform spatial hydraulic connection between them. This study provides a coarse fault block model and improved structural constraints that serve as fundamental input for future hydrogeological modelling.

scholarly journals Faulting patterns in the Lower Yarmouk Gorge potentially influence groundwater flow paths

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimrod Inbar ◽  
Eliahu Rosenthal ◽  
Fabien Magri ◽  
Marwan Alraggad ◽  
Peter Möller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Transboundary Water Resources ◽  
Pull Apart Basin

Abstract. Recent studies investigating groundwater parameters, e.g., heads, chemical composition, and heat transfer, argued that groundwater flow paths in the Lower Yarmouk Gorge (LYG) area are controlled by geological features such as faults or dikes. However, the nature of such features, as well as their exact locations, were so far unknown. In the present paper, we propose a new fault pattern in the LYG area by compiling and revising geological and geophysical data from the study area, including borehole information, geological map cross sections, and seismic data from the southern Golan Heights and northern Ajloun mountains. The presented pattern is composed of strike–slip and thrust faults, which are associated with the Dead Sea transform system and with the Kinnarot pull-apart basin. Compressional and tensional structures developed in different places, forming a series of fault blocks probably causing a non-uniform spatial hydraulic connection between them. This study provides a coarse fault-block model and improved structural constraints that serve as fundamental input for future hydrogeological modeling which is a suggested solution for an enigmatic hydrological situation concerning three riparian states (Syria, Jordan, and Israel) in a water-scarce region. In areas of water scarcity and transboundary water resources, transient 3-D flow simulations of the resource are the most appropriate solution to understand reservoir behavior. This is an important tool for the development of management strategies. However, those models must be based on realistic geometry, including structural features. The study at the LYG is intended to show the importance of such kinds of structural investigations for providing the necessary database in geologically stressed areas without sufficient data. Furthermore, during the hydrogeological investigation, a mismatch with results of pull-apart basin rim fault evolution studies was discovered. We argue that this mismatch may result from the settings at the eastern rim of the basin as the en-echelon changes from pull-apart basins (Dead Sea, Kinnarot, Hula) to a push-up ridge (Hermon).

scholarly journals Derivation of groundwater flow-paths based on semi-automatic extraction of lineaments from remote sensing data

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2665-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Mallast ◽  
R. Gloaguen ◽  
S. Geyer ◽  
T. Rödiger ◽  
C. Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Well Data

Abstract. In this paper we present a semi-automatic method to infer groundwater flow-paths based on the extraction of lineaments from digital elevation models. This method is especially adequate in remote and inaccessible areas where in-situ data are scarce. The combined method of linear filtering and object-based classification provides a lineament map with a high degree of accuracy. Subsequently, lineaments are differentiated into geological and morphological lineaments using auxiliary information and finally evaluated in terms of hydro-geological significance. Using the example of the western catchment of the Dead Sea (Israel/Palestine), the orientation and location of the differentiated lineaments are compared to characteristics of known structural features. We demonstrate that a strong correlation between lineaments and structural features exists. Using Euclidean distances between lineaments and wells provides an assessment criterion to evaluate the hydraulic significance of detected lineaments. Based on this analysis, we suggest that the statistical analysis of lineaments allows a delineation of flow-paths and thus significant information on groundwater movements. To validate the flow-paths we compare them to existing results of groundwater models that are based on well data.

scholarly journals Crustal shear velocity structure across the Dead Sea Transform from two-dimensional modelling of DESERT project explosion seismic data

2005 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 910-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mechie ◽  
K. Abu-Ayyash ◽  
Z. Ben-Avraham ◽  
R. El-Kelani ◽  
A. Mohsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Shear Velocity ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dead Sea Transform ◽  
The Dead

Drainage system reorganization and late Quaternary tectonic deformation along the southern Dead Sea Transform

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yedidia Gellman ◽  
A. Matmon ◽  
Amit Mushkin ◽  
N. Porat
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Osl Dating ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Dead Sea Transform ◽  
Western Margin ◽  
Geomorphic Mapping

AbstractThe Dead Sea Transform (DST) accounts for ~105 km of left-lateral slip between the Arabian plate and the Sinai subplate since the Miocene. Paleoseismic studies along the Arava Valley segment of the DST suggest that late Quaternary deformation has been primarily concentrated along the axis of the transform valley. Here, we examine late Quaternary changes in drainage system characteristics and attribute them to recent tectonic deformation in this region. Field-based geomorphic mapping, topographic cross sections, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of fluvial deposits were used to map and date recent changes in the fluvial characteristics of catchments along the western margin of the southern Arava. Our results reveal coeval migration of channels, consistent with tectonically induced surface tilting caused by north–south compressional deformation along the western margin of the transform valley. OSL dating indicates this tilting was initiated in the late Pleistocene and continued at least into the mid-Holocene. The late Quaternary tectonic deformation along the southern Arava segment of the DST is distributed across a wider zone than previously considered and extends out to the margins of the transform valley. We associate the inferred wider deformation zone to possible changes in the geometry of motion along the DST.

Geological Field Sketches and Illustrations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Genge
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject

Drawings, illustrations, and field sketches play an important role in Earth Science since they are used to record field observations, develop interpretations, and communicate results in reports and scientific publications. Drawing geology in the field furthermore facilitates observation and maximizes the value of fieldwork. Every geologist, whether a student, academic, professional, or amateur enthusiast, will benefit from the ability to draw geological features accurately. This book describes how and what to draw in geology. Essential drawing techniques, together with practical advice in creating high quality diagrams, are described the opening chapters. How to draw different types of geology, including faults, folds, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, and fossils, are the subjects of separate chapters, and include descriptions of what are the important features to draw and describe. Different types of sketch, such as drawings of three-dimensional outcrops, landscapes, thin-sections, and hand-specimens of rocks, crystals, and minerals, are discussed. The methods used to create technical diagrams such as geological maps and cross-sections are also covered. Finally, modern techniques in the acquisition and recording of field data, including photogrammetry and aerial surveys, and digital methods of illustration, are the subject of the final chapter of the book. Throughout, worked examples of field sketches and illustrations are provided as well as descriptions of the common mistakes to be avoided.

Seismic Energy Release from Intra-Basin Sources along the Dead Sea Transform and Its Influence on Regional Ground Motions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roey Shimony ◽  
Zohar Gvirtzman ◽  
Michael Tsesarsky
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Seismic Wave Propagation ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Dead Sea Transform ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Surrounding Areas

ABSTRACT The Dead Sea Transform (DST) dominates the seismicity of Israel and neighboring countries. Whereas the instrumental catalog of Israel (1986–2017) contains mainly M<5 events, the preinstrumental catalog lists 14 M 7 or stronger events on the DST, during the past two millennia. Global Positioning System measurements show that the slip deficit in northern Israel today is equivalent to M>7 earthquake. This situation highlights the possibility that a strong earthquake may strike north Israel in the near future, raising the importance of ground-motion prediction. Deep and narrow strike-slip basins accompany the DST. Here, we study ground motions produced by intrabasin seismic sources, to understand the basin effect on regional ground motions. We model seismic-wave propagation in 3D, focusing on scenarios of Mw 6 earthquakes, rupturing different active branches of the DST. The geological model includes the major structures in northern Israel: the strike-slip basins along the DST, the sedimentary basins accompanying the Carmel fault zone, and the densely populated and industrialized Zevulun Valley (Haifa Bay area). We show that regional ground motions are determined by source–path coupling effects in the strike-slip basins, before waves propagate into the surrounding areas. In particular, ground motions are determined by the location of the rupture nucleation within the basin, the near-rupture lithology, and the basin’s local structure. When the rupture is located in the crystalline basement or along material bridges connecting opposite sides of the fault, ground motions behave predictably, decaying due to geometrical spreading and locally amplified atop sedimentary basins. By contrast, if rupture nucleates or propagates into shallow sedimentary units of the DST strike-slip basins, ground motions are amplified within, before propagating outside. Repeated reflections from the basin walls result in a “resonant chamber” effect, leading to stronger regional ground motions with prolonged durations.

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