scholarly journals Assessing the long-term hydrologic response to wildfires in mountainous regions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Havel ◽  
Ali Tasdighi ◽  
Mazdak Arabi
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Streamflow Statistics ◽  
Flow Duration Curves ◽  
Hydrologic Responses

Abstract. This study aims to understand the long-term hydrologic responses to wildfires in mountainous regions at various spatial scales. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to evaluate hydrologic response of the upper Cache la Poudre watershed in Colorado to the 2012 High Park and Hewlett wildfire events. A baseline SWAT model was established to simulate the hydrology of the study area between the years 2000 and 2014. The effects of wildfires on land cover were accounted for in the model using the SWAT land use update module. The wildfire effects on curve numbers were determined comparing the probability distribution of curve numbers after calibrating the model for pre and post wildfire conditions. Daily calibration and testing of the model produced very good results. No-wildfire and wildfire scenarios were created and compared to quantify changes in average annual total runoff volume, water budgets, and full streamflow statistics at different spatial scales. At the watershed scale, wildfire conditions showed little impact on the hydrologic responses. However, a runoff increase up to 75 percent was observed between the scenarios in sub-watersheds with high burn intensity. Generally, higher surface runoff and decreased subsurface flow were observed under post-wildfire conditions. Flow-duration curves developed for burned sub-basins using full streamflow statistics showed that less frequent streamflows become greater in magnitude. A strong (R2 > 0.8) and significant (p 

scholarly journals Assessing the hydrologic response to wildfires in mountainous regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2527-2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Havel ◽  
Ali Tasdighi ◽  
Mazdak Arabi
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Flow Duration ◽  
Streamflow Statistics ◽  
Flow Duration Curves ◽  
Hydrologic Responses

Abstract. This study aims to understand the hydrologic responses to wildfires in mountainous regions at various spatial scales. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to evaluate the hydrologic responses of the upper Cache la Poudre Watershed in Colorado to the 2012 High Park and Hewlett wildfire events. A baseline SWAT model was established to simulate the hydrology of the study area between the years 2000 and 2014. A procedure involving land use and curve number updating was implemented to assess the effects of wildfires. Application of the proposed procedure provides the ability to simulate the hydrologic response to wildfires seamlessly through mimicking the dynamic of the changes due to wildfires. The wildfire effects on curve numbers were determined comparing the probability distribution of curve numbers after calibrating the model for pre- and post-wildfire conditions. Daily calibration and testing of the model produced “very good” results. No-wildfire and wildfire scenarios were created and compared to quantify changes in average annual total runoff volume, water budgets, and full streamflow statistics at different spatial scales. At the watershed scale, wildfire conditions showed little impact on the hydrologic responses. However, a runoff increase up to 75 % was observed between the scenarios in sub-watersheds with high burn intensity. Generally, higher surface runoff and decreased subsurface flow were observed under post-wildfire conditions. Flow duration curves developed for burned sub-watersheds using full streamflow statistics showed that less frequent streamflows become greater in magnitude. A linear regression model was developed to assess the relationship between percent burned area and runoff increase in Cache la Poudre Watershed. A strong (R2 > 0.8) and significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation was determined between runoff increase and percentage of burned area upstream. This study showed that the effects of wildfires on hydrology of a watershed are scale-dependent. Also, using full streamflow statistics through application of flow duration curves revealed that the wildfires had a higher effect on peak flows, which may increase the risk of flash floods in post-wildfire conditions.

scholarly journals Development and Verification of the Available Number of Water Intake Days in Ungauged Local Water Source Using the SWAT Model and Flow Recession Curves

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Jung-Ryel Choi ◽  
Il-Moon Chung ◽  
Se-Jin Jeung ◽  
Kyung-Su Choo ◽  
Cheong-Hyeon Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
High Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Regional Government

Climate change significantly affects water supply availability due to changes in the magnitude and seasonality of runoff and severe drought events. In the case of Korea, despite high water supply ratio, more populations have continued to suffer from restricted regional water supplies. Though Korea enacted the Long-Term Comprehensive Water Resources Plan, a field survey revealed that the regional government organizations limitedly utilized their drought-related data. These limitations present a need for a system that provides a more intuitive drought review, enabling a more prompt response. Thus, this study presents a rating curve for the available number of water intake days per flow, and reviews and calibrates the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model mediators, and found that the coefficient of determination, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS) from 2007 to 2011 were at 0.92, 0.84, and 7.2%, respectively, which were “very good” levels. The flow recession curve was proposed after calculating the daily long-term flow and extracted the flow recession trends during days without precipitation. In addition, the SWAT model’s flow data enables the quantitative evaluations of the number of available water intake days without precipitation because of the high hit rate when comparing the available number of water intake days with the limited water supply period near the study watershed. Thus, this study can improve drought response and water resource management plans.

scholarly journals Development and Integration of Sub-Daily Flood Modelling Capability within the SWAT Model and a Comparison with XAJ Model

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachen Li ◽  
Simin Qu ◽  
Peng Shi ◽  
Xueqiu Chen ◽  
Feng Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Flood Simulation ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Daily Time

To date, floods have become one of the most severe natural disasters on Earth. Flood forecasting with hydrological models is an important non-engineering measure for flood control and disaster reduction. The Xin’anjiang (XAJ) model is the most widely used hydrological model in China for flood forecasting, while the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is widely applied for daily and monthly simulation and has shown its potential for flood simulation. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the SWAT model in simulating floods at a sub-daily time-scale in a slightly larger basin and compare that with the XAJ model. Taking Qilijie Basin (southeast of China) as a study area, this paper developed the XAJ model and SWAT model at a sub-daily time-scale. The results showed that the XAJ model had a better performance than the sub-daily SWAT model regarding relative runoff error (RRE) but the SWAT model performed well according to relative peak discharge error (RPE) and error of occurrence time of peak flow (PTE). The SWAT model performed unsatisfactorily in simulating low flows due to the daily calculation of base flow but behaved quite well in simulating high flows. We also evaluated the effect of spatial scale on the SWAT model. The results showed that the SWAT model had a good applicability at different spatial scales. In conclusion, the sub-daily SWAT model is a promising tool for flood simulation though more improvements remain to be studied further.

scholarly journals Hydrologic modeling of a Himalayan mountain basin by using the SWAT mode

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad K. Jain ◽  
Sanjay K. Jain ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Chong-Yu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Himalayan Mountain

Abstract. A large population depends on runoff from Himalayan rivers which have high hydropower potential; floods in these rivers are also frequent. Current understanding of hydrologic response mechanism of these rivers and impact of climate change is inadequate due to limited studies. This paper presents results of modeling to understand the hydrologic response and compute the water balance components of a Himalayan river basin in India viz. Ganga up to Devprayag. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied for simulation of the snow/rainfed catchment. SWAT was calibrated with daily streamflow data for 1992–98 and validated with data for 1999–2005. Manual calibration was carried out to determine model parameters and quantify uncertainty. Results indicate good simulation of streamflow; main contribution to water yield is from lateral and ground water flow. Water yield and ET for the catchments varies between 43–46 % and 57–58 % of precipitation, respectively. The contribution of snowmelt to lateral runoff for Ganga River ranged between 13–20 %. More attention is needed to strengthen spatial and temporal hydrometeorological database for the study basins for improved modeling.

scholarly journals Assessment of Ecological and Hydro-Geomorphological Alterations under Climate Change Using SWAT and IAHRIS in the Eo River in Northern Spain

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1745
Author(s):  
Julio Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Javier Senent-Aparicio ◽  
Carolina Martínez Santa-María ◽  
Adrián López-Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Northern Spain

Magnitude and temporal variability of streamflow is essential for natural biodiversity and the stability of aquatic environments. In this study, a comparative analysis between historical data (1971–2013) and future climate change scenarios (2010–2039, 2040–2069 and 2070–2099) of the hydrological regime in the Eo river, in the north of Spain, is carried out in order to assess the ecological and hydro-geomorphological risks over the short-, medium- and long-term. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied on a daily basis to assess climate-induced hydrological changes in the river under five general circulation models and two representative concentration pathways. Statistical results, both in calibration (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE): 0.73, percent bias (PBIAS): 3.52, R2: 0.74) and validation (NSE: 0.62, PBIAS: 6.62, R2: 0.65), are indicative of the SWAT model’s good performance. The ten climate scenarios pointed out a reduction in rainfall (up to −22%) and an increase in temperatures, both maximum (from +1 to +7 °C) and minimum ones (from +1 to +4 °C). Predicted flow rates resulted in an incrementally greater decrease the longer the term is, varying between −5% (in short-term) and −53% (in long-term). The free software IAHRIS (Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration in Rivers) determined that alteration for usual values remains between excellent and good status and from good to moderate in drought values, but flood values showed a deficient regime in most scenarios, which implies an instability of river morphology, a progressive reduction in the section of the river and an advance of aging of riparian habitat, endangering the renewal of the species.

scholarly journals The effect of forest rehabilitation on runoff and hydrological factors in the upstream area of the Ubolratana Reservoir in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1020
Author(s):  
Krit Sriworamas ◽  
Haris Prasanchum ◽  
Jirawat Supakosol
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Reservoir Management ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Reservoir Watershed ◽  
Hydrologic Responses ◽  
Forest Rehabilitation ◽  
Water Assessment

Abstract Thailand's forests in reservoir watershed areas are declining at an alarming rate due to land use demand. Reforestation aiming at maintaining optimum forest areas becomes a top priority in reservoir management planning which needs hydrologic responses as inputs. This study aims at measurable assessment of the changes in hydrologic responses of the Ubolratana Reservoir in northeastern Thailand due to increasing forest areas. The assessment was done in two parts: (i) forest areas by CA Markov model and (ii) rainfall–runoff by Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Assessment results indicate that increasing forest areas cause a decrease of runoff, peak flow, and hence, inflow volume into the reservoir. The optimum size of forest area was found to be much larger than the existing size, confirming the need for existing reforestation. Additional benefits of pursuing reforestation include less erosion and sedimentation which are required in reservoir management planning.

scholarly journals Prediction of erosion and sedimentation rates using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) method in the Jenelata Sub Watershed

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012097
Author(s):  
Wahyuni ◽  
Andang Suryana Soma ◽  
Usman Arsyad ◽  
Riska Sariyani ◽  
Baharuddin Mappangaja
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Hydrologic Response Unit ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Very High ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract Erosion and sedimentation are problems that often occur in watershed ecosystems. The SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) can be used to determine the output of a watershed’s performance. Jenelata sub-watershed area is one of the largest sub-watersheds of the Jeneberang watershed with 22.800 ha. This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of the hydrologic response unit (HRU) and analyze the rate of erosion and sedimentation in the Jenelata sub-watershed. The results showed that most HRUs are in secondary dryland forests with 447 HRU (19.09%). The level of erosion in the very light category, namely 5.74 ton/ha/year (37.53%) and light 34.71 ton/ha/year (27.76%), was in the villages of Moncongloe, Tana Karaeng, Sicini, Paladindang, Towata, Parang Lampoa, Manuju, and Buakkang. Meanwhile, moderate erosion was 104.07 ton/ha/year (23.92%), high 289.65 ton/ha/year (9.59%), and very high 553.74 ton/ha/year (1.20%) located in the villages of Pattallikang, Mangempang, Bontomanai, Bissoloro, Rannaloe, Jenebatu, and Sapaya. The largest sedimentation is 133.18 ton/ha/year in sub-watershed17, located in Bissoloro and Rannaloe villages.

scholarly journals Attribution of Runoff Decline in the Amu Darya River in Central Asia during 1951–2007

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1543-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Chansheng He ◽  
Yiqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Amu Darya River

Abstract Runoff in the Amu Darya River (ADR) in central Asia has been declining steadily since the 1950s. The reasons for this decline are ambiguous, requiring a complete analysis of glaciohydrological processes across the entire data-scarce source region. In this study, grid databases of precipitation from the Asian Precipitation–Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Toward Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE) and temperature from Princeton’s Global Meteorological Forcing Dataset (PGMFD) are used to force the distributed, glacier-enhanced Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to simulate glaciohydrological processes for 1951–2007 so as to determine long-term streamflow changes and the primary driving factors in the source region of the ADR. The study suggests that the database was a suitable proxy for temperature and precipitation forcing in simulating glaciohydrological processes in the data-scarce alpine catchment region. The estimated annual streamflow of 72.6 km3 in the upper ADR had a decreasing trend for the period from 1951 to 2007. Change in precipitation, rather than in temperature, dominated the decline in streamflow in either the tributaries or mainstream of the ADR. The streamflow decreased by 15.5% because of the decline in precipitation but only increased by 0.2% as a result of the increase in temperature. Thus, warming temperature had much less effect than declining precipitation on streamflow decline in the ADR in central Asia in 1951–2007.

scholarly journals Hydrologic evaluation and effects of climate change on the Nong Han Lake Basin, northeastern Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-1000
Author(s):  
Jirawat Supakosol ◽  
Kowit Boonrawd
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Regional Climates ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Effective Water ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the future runoff into the Nong Han Lake under the effects of climate change. The hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been selected for this study. The calibration and validation were performed by comparing the simulated and observed runoff from gauging station KH90 for the period 2001–2003 and 2004–2005, respectively. Future climate projections were generated by Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) under the A2 and B2 scenarios. The SWAT model yielded good results in comparison to the baseline; moreover, the results of the PRECIS model showed that both precipitations and temperatures increased. Consequently, the amount of runoff calculated by SWAT under the A2 and B2 scenarios was higher than that for the baseline. In addition, the amount of runoff calculated considering the A2 scenario was higher than that considering the B2 scenario, due to higher average annual precipitations in the former case. The methodology and results of this study constitute key information for stakeholders, especially for the development of effective water management systems in the lake, such as designing a rule curve to cope with any future incidents.

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