scholarly journals Simulating cold-region hydrology in an intensively drained agricultural watershed in Manitoba, Canada, using the Cold Regions Hydrological Model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos R. C. Cordeiro ◽  
Henry F. Wilson ◽  
Jason Vanrobaeys ◽  
John W. Pomeroy ◽  
Xing Fang
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Stream Flows ◽  
The North ◽  
Physically Based

Abstract. Eutrophication and flooding are perennial problems in agricultural watersheds of the northern Great Plains. A high proportion of annual runoff and nutrient transport occurs with snowmelt in this region. Extensive surface drainage modification, frozen soils, and frequent backwater or ice damming impacts on flow measurement represent unique challenges to accurately modeling watershed scale hydrological processes. A physically-based, non-calibrated model created using the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) was parameterized to simulate hydrological processes within a low slope, clay soil, and intensively surface drained agricultural watershed. These characteristics are common to most tributaries of the Red River of the North. Analysis of the observed water level records for the study watershed (La Salle River) indicate that ice cover and backwater issues at time of peak flow may impact the accuracy of both modeled and measured stream flows, highlighting the value of evaluating a non-calibrated model in this environment. Simulations best matched the streamflow record in years when peak and annual discharges were equal to or above the medians of 6.7 m3 s−1 and 1.25 × 107 m3, respectively, with an average Nash-Sutcliff efficiency (NSE) of 0.76. Simulation of low-flow years (below the medians) was more challenging (average NSE 

scholarly journals Simulating cold-region hydrology in an intensively drained agricultural watershed in Manitoba, Canada, using the Cold Regions Hydrological Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3483-3506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos R. C. Cordeiro ◽  
Henry F. Wilson ◽  
Jason Vanrobaeys ◽  
John W. Pomeroy ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Red River ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Agricultural Watersheds ◽  
Cold Regions

Abstract. Etrophication and flooding are perennial problems in agricultural watersheds of the northern Great Plains. A high proportion of annual runoff and nutrient transport occurs with snowmelt in this region. Extensive surface drainage modification, frozen soils, and frequent backwater or ice-damming impacts on flow measurement represent unique challenges to accurately modelling watershed-scale hydrological processes. A physically based, non-calibrated model created using the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) was parameterized to simulate hydrological processes within a low slope, clay soil, and intensively surface drained agricultural watershed. These characteristics are common to most tributaries of the Red River of the north. Analysis of the observed water level records for the study watershed (La Salle River) indicates that ice cover and backwater issues at time of peak flow may impact the accuracy of both modelled and measured streamflows, highlighting the value of evaluating a non-calibrated model in this environment. Simulations best matched the streamflow record in years when peak and annual discharges were equal to or above the medians of 6.7 m3 s−1 and 1.25  × 107 m3, respectively, with an average Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.76. Simulation of low-flow years (below the medians) was more challenging (average NSE  <  0), with simulated discharge overestimated by 90 % on average. This result indicates the need for improved understanding of hydrological response in the watershed under drier conditions. Simulation during dry years was improved when infiltration was allowed prior to soil thaw, indicating the potential importance of preferential flow. Representation of in-channel dynamics and travel time under the flooded or ice-jam conditions should also receive attention in further model development efforts. Despite the complexities of the study watershed, simulations of flow for average to high-flow years and other components of the water balance were robust (snow water equivalency (SWE) and soil moisture). A sensitivity analysis of the flow routing model suggests a need for improved understanding of watershed functions under both dry and flooded conditions due to dynamic routing conditions, but overall CRHM is appropriate for simulation of hydrological processes in agricultural watersheds of the Red River. Falsifications of snow sublimation, snow transport, and infiltration to frozen soil processes in the validated base model indicate that these processes were very influential in stream discharge generation.

scholarly journals American White Pelicans and Recreational Boaters on Lakes of the North American Great Plains: Habitat Use Overlap

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Gaudet ◽  
Christopher M. Somers
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Shoreline Development ◽  
Point Count ◽  
The North ◽  
Pelecanus Erythrorhynchos ◽  
Near Shore

Shoreline development and boating on lakes of the northern Great Plains of North America have increased due to recent economic prosperity. Few studies have examined the general characteristics of habitats used by foraging waterbirds and boats to determine levels of overlap. To address this issue, we conducted point count surveys of American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) and boats on two important recreational lakes in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The majority of pelicans and boats detected used near-shore areas of the lakes, identifying the importance of shallow water habitats and providing evidence of significant overlap. The location of pelicans relative to the shore did not change in the presence of boats, and there was no significant relationship between boat numbers and pelican numbers. These analyses suggest that pelicans did not make major changes to their habitat use on the lakes as a result of boating activity. When pelicans and boats were present simultaneously at point count locations, pelicans appeared to avoid boats on one lake, but showed no detectable avoidance behavior on the other lake. The importance of interactions between recreational boating and foraging pelicans is currently unclear. Set-back distances to protect foraging pelicans from boating activity do not appear necessary based on our analyses.

scholarly journals Cold Climate Winegrape Cultivar Sensitivity to Sulfur in the Northern Great Plains Region of the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239
Author(s):  
Nagehan D. Köycü ◽  
John E. Stenger ◽  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
The North

Elemental sulfur is commonly applied for powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) protection on winegrape (Vitis sp.). The product may be used in a diversified, integrated disease management system to help prevent fungicide resistance to products with other modes of action. Additionally, sulfur may be used as a control option in organic systems. Applications of sulfur have been known to cause phytotoxic injury to susceptible winegrape cultivars, particularly those stemming from fox grape (Vitis labrusca) parentage. To improve recommendations to producers in the northern Great Plains region of the United States, a comparison of injury incidence and severity, as well as effects on yield characteristics was undertaken for 13 regional cultivars exposed to three sulfur rates (0, 2.4, and 4.8 lb/acre a.i.) at a North Dakota State University Research Station near Absaraka, ND. Overall, four cultivars (Bluebell, Baltica, Sabrevois, and King of the North) of the 13 cultivars tested showed phytotoxic symptoms. Injury severity and incidence of these cultivars differed between years and across rates. ‘Bluebell’ showed consistent and severe sulfur injury symptoms. Injury to the other three susceptible cultivars tended to vary by the given environment, with King of the North generally showing the lowest injury response. Injury symptoms were not found to be associated with the overall yield or cluster weight. Results suggest that alternative spray programs that exclude sulfur-based fungicides should be recommended for ‘Bluebell’, ‘Baltica’, ‘Sabrevois’, and ‘King of the North’, whereas sulfur-based fungicides may be applied to ‘Alpenglow’, ‘ES 12-6-18’, ‘Frontenac’, ‘Frontenac Gris’, ‘La Crescent’, ‘Marquette’, ‘Somerset Seedless’, ‘St. Croix’, and ‘Valiant’. Observations on fruit ripening in 2014 suggest that future research is needed to determine if a reduction of fruit quality may occur in some seasons with repeated sulfur applications or with successive annual sulfur applications for susceptible cultivars if used in an organic production system.

ESTABLISHMENT OF ACERIA MALHERBAE (ACARI: ERIOPHYIDAE) AS A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT FOR FIELD BINDWEED (CONVOLVULACEAE) IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. McClay ◽  
J.L. Littlefield ◽  
J. Kashefi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Gall Mite

AbstractA European gall mite, Aceria malherbae Nuzzaci, was released and established in southern Alberta and Montana as a biological control agent for field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis L. (Convolvulaceae). Populations of the mite survived for up to 4 years at some sites and caused slight to severe damage to the weed. The establishment of A. malherbae in these areas suggests that it could be established throughout the North American range of field bindweed.

CRUSTAL ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY ANOMALIES IN THE GREAT PLAINS PROVINCE OF THE UNITED STATES

Geophysics ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Porath ◽  
A. Dziewonski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
The North ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
Magnetometer Arrays

Magnetic disturbance fields were recorded during the spring and fall of 1969 with two magnetometer arrays in the Great Plains province of the United States. The purpose of these studies was to map magnetic variation anomalies arising from inhomogeneities of crustal electrical conductivity; we wished to find regions where plane layered models yield apparent resistivity curves that are adequate approximations to curves determined from magnetotelluric measurements. Variation anomalies were found to be related to lateral changes in electrical conductivity of the upper crust, changes associated with sedimentary features. In southeast Oklahoma, induced currents are concentrated in the conductivity sediments of the deep Anadarko basin. These currents give rise to attenuated vertical variation fields to the west and south of the basin and to enhanced vertical fields to the north and northeast. Reversed vertical fields are observed for stations in north central Texas, close to the Ouachita tectonic belt which separates Paleozoic sediments in West Texas from younger sediments in the Gulf Coast plains. This distribution of fields indicates concentration of induced currents in the highly conductive coastal plains sediments. A small variation anomaly is associated with the region of the midcontinent gravity high in the northern Great Plains. The anomaly is probably caused by currents in the sedimentary troughs on the steep flanks of the Precambrian basalts, which give rise to the gravity anomaly.

Palynology of Maastrichtian and Paleocene rocks, lower Colville River region, North Slope of Alaska

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Frederiksen ◽  
T. A. Ager ◽  
L. E. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
North Slope ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Dinoflagellate Cysts ◽  
Spores And Pollen ◽  
The North ◽  
River Region ◽  
Colville River ◽  
North Slope Of Alaska

Outcrops of Maastrichtian rocks are rare on the North Slope of Alaska, and it is even more unusual to find outcrops of Maastrichtian and Paleocene age in the same vicinity. In general, Late Cretaceous and Paleogene rocks have not been well dated in published papers pertaining to northern Alaska. In this article, we describe palynomorph assemblages from 20 outcrop samples taken from nine localities along the lower Colville River and nearby areas. The latest Cretaceous palynomorph assemblages that are from marine rocks contain late Campanian or Maastrichtian dinoflagellate cysts; however, these cysts and other marine fossils are absent from the Tertiary samples, indicating that the Tertiary strata are nonmarine. Our latest Cretaceous and early Tertiary samples contain abundant spores and pollen grains and can be readily dated by reference to well-known pollen assemblages from the northern Great Plains and northwestern Canada. By dating each sampled outcrop, we can approximate the position of the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary in the study area. Outcrop samples near the boundary are too widely separated stratigraphically to permit us to determine whether or not an unconformity exists at the boundary in the study area. Using spores, pollen grains, and dinoflagellate cysts, we date the samples below the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary as being of approximately mid-Maastrichtian age and the samples above the boundary as being undifferentiated Paleocene in age. On the North Slope, as in regions to the east and south, the Maastrichtian pollen assemblages represent a different kind of flora and vegetation than the Paleocene assemblages. The Maastrichtian assemblages have moderately high diversities of angiosperm pollen taxa, most of which were probably insect pollinated. In contrast, the Paleocene assemblages have low diversities of angiosperm taxa, and many of these taxa were probably wind pollinated. Differences between the mid-Maastrichtian and Paleocene assemblages may have been caused at least in part by climatic changes but may also have been caused by the effects of a hypothesized bolide impact at the end of the Maastrichtian for which there is increasing evidence.

scholarly journals Pygmy Shrew (Sorex hoyi) in Montana east of the Rocky Mountains with comments on its distribution across the northern Great Plains

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Paul Hendricks ◽  
Susan Lenard
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Prairie Pothole ◽  
The North ◽  
Pygmy Shrew ◽  
River Bottom

Range maps for Pygmy Shrew (Sorex hoyi) show a large hiatus over much of the northern Great Plains between the Rocky Mountains and eastern North Dakota. We report a new record of the Pygmy Shrew in northeastern Montana, review previous records for the state and adjacent regions bordering Montana to the north and east, and suggest that the range boundary in the northern Great Plains be redrawn farther south to include all of Montana north of the Missouri River. This is consistent with the known range of the Pygmy Shrew in eastern North Dakota and South Dakota, where the species has been documented only north and east of the Missouri River, although records are still lacking from north of the Missouri River in northwestern North Dakota and adjacent regions of Canada. Pygmy Shrews will probably be found at additional localities in prairie regions of Canada adjacent to Montana, most likely in association with prairie pothole wetlands, river bottom riparian vegetation, and hardwood draws.

scholarly journals Quality Evaluation of Flaxseed for Food Use Specifications

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Vegi ◽  
Charlene E. Wolf-Hall ◽  
Clifford A Hall III
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
E Coli ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Plate Counts

A Northern Great Plains regional survey of microbiological loads in flaxseed was completed for years 2008 and 2009. Effects of cleaning flaxseed on microbial loads including aerobic plate counts (APCs), mold counts (MCs) yeast counts (YCs), coliform counts (CCs), Escherichia coli counts, and Enterobacteriaceae counts (ECs) were determined. Chemical analyses including oil and linolenic acid -ALA indicated that all flaxseed had near normal oil content. This was the first reported survey for flaxseed. The pre-cleaned flaxseed had an average of 5.7 ± 0.1, 4.1 ± 0.2, 4.5 ± 0.2, 3.6 ± 0.1, and 3.0 ± 0.1 log colony forming units (CFU) g-1 of APC, CC, EC, YC and MC respectively. All counts were higher than those for cleaned seed. No E. coli was detected. The North Dakota-West (ND-W) region flaxseed had higher MC when compared to Canada, ND-North East (ND-NE) and ND-South East (ND-SE) region flaxseed. For APC, the counts were higher in flaxseed from Canada when compared to North Dakota. Cleaning the flaxseed should be considered an important step in reducing the microbial counts and also for maintaining high quality flaxseed. 

scholarly journals Northern Great Plains 1996/97 seasonal evolution of snowpack parameters from satellite passive-microwave measurements

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly M. Mognard ◽  
Edward G. Josberger
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Passive Microwave ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
The North ◽  
Snow Season ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Microwave Imager

AbstractFor the American northern Great Plains region, the 1996/97 snow season had snow accumulations much greater than normal, which combined with rapid warming to produce extensive flooding in the Red River of the North river basin. Passive-microwave observations from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) are used to follow the evolution of the snowpack during the snow season and to map the extent of standing water or very saturated soils during spring 1997. SSM/I-derived snow-depth algorithms that assume a fixed snow grain-size constantly underestimated the snow depth by a factor of 2 in the region where extensive flooding occurred. An estimate of the thermal gradient through the snowpack is used to model the growth of the snow grain-size and to compute more accurately the evolution of the snow depth over the region. As is commonly observed, when the melt season begins, liquid water in the snowpack causes the SSM/I spectral gradient to drop to zero. In this case, the spectral gradient fell to unusually negative values, which were indicative of large areas of open water, and not wet snow or soil.

scholarly journals Lowland Rivers Runoff Within-year Distribution and Changes on the European Territory of Russia

2015 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Runoff ◽  
European Part ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Lowland Rivers ◽  
The North ◽  
European Part Of Russia

Modern features of the lowland rivers’ runoff within-year distribution in the European part of Russia were analyzed. Its major transformations in the basins of the Volga and, mainly, the Don, were identified. They were accompanied by reduced flood runoff up to 50% or less (the Don basin) and the low flow increase up to 40–60 %. For the North Rivers of the EPR directional trends in annual runoff redistribution were not detected.

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