scholarly journals High resolution monitoring of nutrients in groundwater and surface waters: process understanding, quantification of loads and concentrations and management applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. van Geer ◽  
B. Kronvang ◽  
H. P. Broers
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Frequency Monitoring ◽  
Eu Directives

Abstract. Four sessions on "Monitoring Strategies: temporal trends in groundwater and surface water quality and quantity" at the EGU-conferences in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 and a special issue of HESS form the background for this overview of the current state of high resolution monitoring of nutrients. The overview includes a summary of technologies applied in high frequency monitoring of nutrients in the special issue. Moreover, we present a new assessment of the objectives behind high frequency monitoring as classified into three main groups: (i) improved understanding of the underlying hydrological, chemical and biological processes (PU); (ii) quantification of true nutrient concentrations and loads (Q); (iii) operational management, including evaluation of the effects of mitigation measures (M). The contributions in the special issue focus on the implementation of high frequency monitoring within the broader context of policy making and management in Europe for support of EU Directives such as the Water Framework Directive, the Groundwater Directive and the Nitrate Directive. The overview presented based on the special issue and the presentations at the four EGU sessions enabled us to highlight the typical objectives encountered in the application of high frequency monitoring to support EU Directives, to assess the temporal and spatial scales and to reflect on future developments and research needs in this growing field of expertise.

scholarly journals High-resolution monitoring of nutrients in groundwater and surface waters: process understanding, quantification of loads and concentrations, and management applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 3619-3629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans C. van Geer ◽  
Brian Kronvang ◽  
Hans Peter Broers
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Frequency Monitoring ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity

Abstract. Four sessions on "Monitoring Strategies: temporal trends in groundwater and surface water quality and quantity" at the EGU conferences in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 and a special issue of HESS form the background for this overview of the current state of high-resolution monitoring of nutrients. The overview includes a summary of technologies applied in high-frequency monitoring of nutrients in the special issue. Moreover, we present a new assessment of the objectives behind high-frequency monitoring as classified into three main groups: (i) improved understanding of the underlying hydrological, chemical, and biological processes (PU); (ii) quantification of true nutrient concentrations and loads (Q); and (iii) operational management, including evaluation of the effects of mitigation measures (M). The contributions in the special issue focus on the implementation of high-frequency monitoring within the broader context of policy making and management of water in Europe for support of EU directives such as the Water Framework Directive, the Groundwater Directive, and the Nitrates Directive. The overview presented enabled us to highlight the typical objectives encountered in the application of high-frequency monitoring and to reflect on future developments and research needs in this growing field of expertise.

scholarly journals High-frequency monitoring of surface water quality at the outlet of the Ibrahim River (Lebanon): A multivariate assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula El Najjar ◽  
Amine Kassouf ◽  
Anne Probst ◽  
Jean-Luc Probst ◽  
Naim Ouaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Frequency Monitoring

scholarly journals High-frequency monitoring of stream water physicochemistry on sub-Antarctic Marion Island

Water SA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
M-J Stowe ◽  
DW Hedding ◽  
FD Eckardt ◽  
W Nel
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Marion Island ◽  
Frequency Monitoring

Given the remoteness and challenging environmental conditions on sub-Antarctic Marion Island, continuous high-resolution studies of the island’s natural water systems are rare. Subsequently, current understanding of the island’s hydrochemistry is based entirely on manual point-based measurements. To address this research gap we analysed continuous, in-situ high-frequency physicochemical measurements (pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and electrical conductivity (EC)) from the Soft Plume River over the period 21 April 2015–26 April 2015. We observed a sharp, short-term response from all measurements to a precipitation event that was superimposed on consistent but subtle diel (i.e. 24 h) cycles throughout the study. Total variation in pH and electrical conductivity amounted to 1.3 units and 27.7 μS/cm respectively. Stream water temperature was less variable (6.2°C) than air surface temperature (14.2°C). Total variation in DO was 2.0 mg/L. Aside from the precipitation-induced response, diel oscillations were small and only visible through the use of continuous, high-resolution monitoring. Findings highlight the advantages of continuous high-frequency monitoring in capturing the range of daily variation and elucidating diel cycles in stream water physicochemistry on sub-Antarctic Marion Island that have not previously been accounted for.

scholarly journals Improving the agricultural erosion management in Finland through high-resolution data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo A. Räsänen ◽  
Mika Tähtikarhu ◽  
Jaana Uusi-Kämppä ◽  
Sirpa Piirainen ◽  
Eila Turtola
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Resolution Data

Abstract. Soil erosion reduces the sustainability of agricultural sector by loss of productive soil and through negative impacts on surface waters. In Finland, considerable efforts have been made to reduce soil erosion, but the suspended sediment loads to surface waters have not markedly reduced. A major limitation has been the lack of high-resolution data on erosion risk for efficient targeting of the erosion management efforts. In this study, by using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) a two-meter resolution erosion risk data was developed and consequently the spatial distribution of the erosion risk of Finnish agricultural land was analysed. With agricultural management practices of 2019, the average erosion of agricultural land was estimated to be 430 kg ha−1 yr−1, and it varied at the municipality scale from 100 to 1290 kg ha−1 yr−1. At more local scales the erosion risk had even greater variability, and areas with high erosion risk were differently located in terms distances to water bodies. The results also suggest that the past erosion management efforts have not been well-targeted according to the actual erosion risk. Altogether, the results indicate that erosion mitigation measures can be improved by inclusion of high-resolution data in the planning and implementation of the measures, by considering the spatial variability of the erosion risk over multiple spatial scales, and by implementation of location specific erosion reduction measures.

Measuring Exposome Associated with Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Resolution Mass

The concept of exposome has received increasing discussion, including the recent Special Issue of Science –"Chemistry for Tomorrow's Earth,” about the feasibility of using high-resolution mass spectrometry to measure exposome in the body, and tracking the chemicals in the environment and assess their biological effect. We discuss the challenges of measuring and interpreting the exposome and suggest the survey on the life course history, built and ecological environment to characterize the sample of study, and in combination with remote sensing. They should be part of exposomics and provide insights into the study of exposome and health.

scholarly journals Object Oriented Classification for Mapping Mixed and Pure Forest Stands Using Very-High Resolution Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2508
Author(s):  
Loredana Oreti ◽  
Diego Giuliarelli ◽  
Antonio Tomao ◽  
Anna Barbati
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mapping Unit ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Very High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Very High

The importance of mixed forests is increasingly recognized on a scientific level, due to their greater productivity and efficiency in resource use, compared to pure stands. However, a reliable quantification of the actual spatial extent of mixed stands on a fine spatial scale is still lacking. Indeed, classification and mapping of mixed populations, especially with semi-automatic procedures, has been a challenging issue up to date. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) and Very-High-Resolution imagery (VHR) to detect and map mixed forests of broadleaves and coniferous trees with a Minimum Mapping Unit (MMU) of 500 m2. This study evaluates segmentation-based classification paired with non-parametric method K- nearest-neighbors (K-NN), trained with a dataset independent from the validation one. The forest area mapped as mixed forest canopies in the study area amounts to 11%, with an overall accuracy being equal to 85% and K of 0.78. Better levels of user and producer accuracies (85–93%) are reached in conifer and broadleaved dominated stands. The study findings demonstrate that the very high resolution images (0.20 m of spatial resolutions) can be reliably used to detect the fine-grained pattern of rare mixed forests, thus supporting the monitoring and management of forest resources also on fine spatial scales.

scholarly journals PCDRN: Progressive Cascade Deep Residual Network for Pansharpening

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yang ◽  
Wei Tu ◽  
Shuying Huang ◽  
Hangyuan Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Loss Function ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Residual Network ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Convolution Approach ◽  
Visual Assessments ◽  
Coarse To Fine

Pansharpening is the process of fusing a low-resolution multispectral (LRMS) image with a high-resolution panchromatic (PAN) image. In the process of pansharpening, the LRMS image is often directly upsampled by a scale of 4, which may result in the loss of high-frequency details in the fused high-resolution multispectral (HRMS) image. To solve this problem, we put forward a novel progressive cascade deep residual network (PCDRN) with two residual subnetworks for pansharpening. The network adjusts the size of an MS image to the size of a PAN image twice and gradually fuses the LRMS image with the PAN image in a coarse-to-fine manner. To prevent an overly-smooth phenomenon and achieve high-quality fusion results, a multitask loss function is defined to train our network. Furthermore, to eliminate checkerboard artifacts in the fusion results, we employ a resize-convolution approach instead of transposed convolution for upsampling LRMS images. Experimental results on the Pléiades and WorldView-3 datasets prove that PCDRN exhibits superior performance compared to other popular pansharpening methods in terms of quantitative and visual assessments.

scholarly journals Miniaturized high frequency phased array devices for high resolution neonatal and intraoperative imaging

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. A10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Sahn ◽  
Diana Tasker ◽  
Sandra Hagen-Ansert ◽  
Axel Brisken ◽  
Scott Corbett
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Intraoperative Imaging
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