scholarly journals Land subsidence and hydrodynamic compaction of sedimentary basins

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kooi ◽  
J. J. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Sediment Loading ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Sediment Layers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. A one-dimensional model is used to investigate the relationship between land subsidence and compaction of basin sediments in response to sediment loading. Analysis of the model equations and numerical experiments demonstrate quasi-linear systems behaviour and show that rates of land subsidence due to compaction: (i) can attain a significant fraction (>40%) of the long-term sedimentation rate; (ii) are hydrodynamically delayed with respect to sediment loading. The delay is controlled by a compaction response time τc that can reach values of 10-5-107 yr for thick shale sequences. Both the behaviour of single sediment layers and multiple-layer systems are analysed. Subsequently the model is applied to the coastal area of the Netherlands to illustrate that lateral variability in compaction-derived land subsidence in sedimentary basins largely reflects the spatial variability in both sediment loading and compaction response time. Typical rates of compaction-derived subsidence predicted by the model are of the order of 0.1 mm/yr but may reach values in excess of 1 mm/yr under favourable conditions.

On the well-posedness of various one-dimensional model equations for fluid motion

2017 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hantaek Bae ◽  
Dongho Chae ◽  
Hisashi Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Well Posedness ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Model Equations

scholarly journals The two-spin model of a tracking chamber: a phase-space perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Barletti
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Spin Model ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Wigner Matrix ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Classical Localization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phase Space Representation

AbstractWe study the dynamics of classical localization in a simple, one-dimensional model of a tracking chamber. The emitted particle is represented by a superposition of Gaussian wave packets moving in opposite directions, and the detectors are two spins in fixed, opposite positions with respect to the central emitter. At variance with other similar studies, we give here a phase-space representation of the dynamics in terms of the Wigner matrix of the system. This allows a better visualization of the phenomenon and helps in its interpretation. In particular, we discuss the relationship of the localization process with the properties of entanglement possessed by the system.

scholarly journals Modeling 65 Years of Land Subsidence in California’s San Joaquin Valley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lees ◽  
Rosemary Knight ◽  
Ryan Smith
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Study Region ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Global Concern

Abstract [copied directly from first paragraph of paper] Land subsidence, caused by groundwater extraction and subsequent subsurface compaction, is an issue of global concern. Since the 1920s, there have been numerous periods of subsidence in California’s San Joaquin Valley leading to widespread sinking of the land surface which has locally exceeded 9 m. The most recent period of severe subsidence, which was triggered by the 2012-15 drought, is now causing damage which threatens the long-term viability of critical water distribution infrastructure in the Valley. However, there is neither a continuous monitoring record of the subsidence nor high-quality records of the hydrologic head changes in the subsurface which have caused the subsidence, making it impossible to understand, and thus mitigate, the subsidence. Here, we leverage subsidence and hydraulic head data from a variety of sources to create and validate a one-dimensional model of subsurface compaction and subsidence over the 65 years between 1952-2017. This model, which simulated up to 7.5 m of subsidence since 1952, provides a complete record of subsidence in our study region by filling crucial gaps in the observed record. Our model reveals the long-term processes causing subsidence, which operated over decades-to-centuries and caused exceptionally high rates of baseline subsidence in 2017, resulting in a critical risk of future subsidence. This risk is exacerbated as the Valley moves into drought conditions again in Spring 2021. We demonstrated an approach which provided the understanding of subsidence in the Valley needed to directly inform sustainable groundwater management, and which is applicable in subsiding regions around the World.

Aftershocks of an M = 4.2 earthquake in Hawaii and comparison with long-term studies of the same volume

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-777
Author(s):  
Martha Kane Savage ◽  
Robert P. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Main Shock ◽  
Rift Zone ◽  
Fault Plane ◽  
Linear Region ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract Study of the aftershocks recorded in a 3-hr period after a 4.2 magnitude event on the East Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, on 12 April 1982 shows that the aftershocks occurred on different planes than the main shock, probably as a result of stress redistribution; the aftershock locations are probably controlled by preexisting structures. This study also suggests that these relatively small aftershocks occurred in the same seismicity patterns as larger events recorded in the same volume over a period of 10 yr. Slips on most of the aftershocks and the main shock are in the same direction, perpendicular to the East Rift Zone, as has been found in studies of other, larger earthquakes. However, fault-plane solutions varied more, as did the tensional axes, and several of the smaller events showed movement in the opposite direction from the main shock and the rest of the aftershocks, suggesting some rebound was occurring near the edges of the aftershock zone. Because ten times as much energy was released in the aftershocks in a narrow linear region as elsewhere, and since the main shock epicenter was oceanward of all the aftershocks, we suggest that rupture began at the main shock hypocenter and propagated landward, implying an almost “one-dimensional” fault. For the aftershocks, the relationship between moment and magnitude was: log M0 = (1.18 ± 0.17) ML + (17.3 ± 0.17). Differences in amplification lead to site differences of up to 0.8 units in local magnitude and 1.5 orders of magnitude in energy release. These correlated somewhat with station time corrections in that the stations with the longest delay times also had greatest amplification.

A Study of Quasi-Homogeneous Lean Burn Gasoline Engine Performance Based on the Numerical Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 278-280 ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Zhi Jun Li ◽  
Chun Qia Liu ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Qing Chang
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Emission Characteristic ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Combustion Limit ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Co Emission

A CA3GA2 lean combustion gasoline engine one dimensional model was built by AVL BOOST software. The relationship between air-to-fuel ratio (A/F) and emission characteristic and fuel economy was simulated. Simulation shows that: (1) CO emission decreases as the A/F ratio increases; (2) HC emission reaches its lowest point at A/F=16~18; (3) NOX emission reaches its highest point at A/F=16~18; (4) the engine lean combustion limit is A/F=22, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases as the A/F ratio increases within the lean combustion limit.

scholarly journals One-dimensional model equations for hyperbolic fluid flow

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tam Do ◽  
Vu Hoang ◽  
Maria Radosz ◽  
Xiaoqian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Model Equations

A One-Dimensional Numerical Model of a Drop-On-Demand Ink Jet

1986 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Adams ◽  
J. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Lagrangian Coordinates ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Ink Jet ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Predictor Corrector

MacCormack’s predictor-corrector algorithm is used to solve one-dimensional model equations of drop development from a drop-on-demand ink jet. The calculation is done in Lagrangian coordinates, and the results are compared with calculations reported in which an axisymmetric marker-and-cell algorithm is used. The comparison indicates that, although drop velocities differ in the two cases, good qualitative results can be obtained with the less complex one-dimensional approach.

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