scholarly journals Aufeis of the Indigirka river basin (Russia): the database from historical data and recent Landsat images

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Makarieva ◽  
Andrey Shikhov ◽  
Nataliia Nesterova ◽  
Andrey Ostashov
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Digital Database ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
Basin Area

Abstract. Detailed spatial geodatabase of aufeis in the Indigirka River, the basin area 305 000 km2, Russia was compiled from the Cadaster of aufeis of the North-East of the USSR published in 1958, topographic maps and Landsat images for 2013–2017. The aufeis area share varies from 0.26 to 1.15 % in different river sub-basins within the studied area. Digitized Cadaster (1958) contains the coordinates and characteristics of 897 aufeises with total area of 2064 km2. The Landsat-based identification of aufeises for 2013–2017 allowed the description of 1213 aufeises on a total area of 128 km2. The combined digital database of the aufeis is available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.891036. The satellite-derived total area of aufeis is 1.6 times less than in the Cadaster (1958). At the same time, more than 600 aufeis identified by Landsat images analyses are missing in the Cadaster (1958). It implies that the aufeis formation conditions may have been changed between the mid-20th century and the present. About 60 % of total area presents 10 % of the largest aufeis. Most aufeis are located in the elevation band of 1100–1300 m. The interannual variability of the aufeis area was estimated by the example of the Bolshaya Momskaya naled (aufeis) and the group of large aufeis in the basin of the Syuryuktyakh River for the period of 2001–2016. The results of analysis indicate a tendency towards a decrease in the area of the Bolshaya Momskaya naled in recent years, at the same time the reduction in the aufeis area in the basin of the Syuryuktyakh River has not occurred.

scholarly journals Icings of the Indigirka river basin according to the recent Landsat satellite images and historical data

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. M. Makarieva ◽  
A. N. Shikhov ◽  
A. A. Ostashov ◽  
N. V. Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
The Past ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Left Tributary ◽  
Landsat Satellite

The paper presents methods and results of creation of the digital catalogue of aufeises for the Indigirka river basin made on the basis of Landsat images and historical data. The region under study is the basin before the hydrometric section of GMS Vorontsovo, its area is about 305 000 km2. Historical data were taken from the Inventory of naleds of the North-East of the USSR territory published in 1958 and topographic maps. It includes the estimated coordinates and characteristics of 897 aufeises with total area of 2064 km2. The Landsatbased identification of aufeises for 2013–2017 allowed making description of 1213 aufeises over a total area of 1287 km2. The integrated digital catalogue of the aufeises for the Indigirka river basin based on combination of the above two sources is available at https://issues.pangaea.de/browse/PDI-17699. 10% of the largest aufeises make up about 60% of the total area of all aufeises according to both sources. The largest number of aufeises is at altitudes of 900–1300 m. The interannual variability of area of the aufeises for the period 2001-2016 was estimated by the example of the Bolshaya Momskaya naled and the group of large aufeises in the basin of the Syuryukty River which is the left tributary of the Indigirka. The conclusions cannot be considered unambiguous due to certain limitations of the imagery data but the results of the analysis is indicative of a tendency to decreasing in the area of the Bolshaya Momskaya naled in recent years, while no reduction in the aufeis area is noted in the basin of the Syuryukty River. The main results of this work are the new geodatabase of the aufeises in the Indigirka river basin, and also the comparison of the satellite observations with historical data performed for two major naleds. It is established that the satellite-estimated total area of aufeises is 1.6 times less than in the Cadastre (1958). At the same time, it was found that more than 600 aufeises recognized by the Landsat images were absent in the Cadastre of 1958. This may suggest that either the Cadastre data is incomplete or that conditions of the aufeis can be significantly changed over the past 50 years.

scholarly journals Surface-area changes of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau interior area since the 1970s using recent Landsat images and historical maps

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (66) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Junfeng ◽  
Liu Shiyin ◽  
Guo Wanqin ◽  
Yao Xiaojun ◽  
Xu Junli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Glacier Shrinkage ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Gradient

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau interior area (TPIA), often termed the Qangtang Plateau, is distinguished by many dome-like mountains higher than 6000 ma.s.l. These mountains provide favourable conditions for the development of ice caps and glaciers of extreme continental/subpolar type. According to historical topographic maps (1959–80) and recent Landsat images (2004–11), continuous retreat was observed and the glacierized part of this area decreased by 9.5% (0.27% a–1) with respect to the total glacier area of 8036.4 km2 in the 1970s. Glaciers in the Zhari Namco basin have experienced the highest area shrinkage, with a reduction rate of 0.72% a–1, while the smallest reduction occurred in Bangong Co (0.12% a–1) and Dogai Coying basins (0.11% a–1). A regional gradient of area loss was found, with a larger decrease in the south and a smaller decrease in the north of the plateau. Comparisons indicate glaciers have experienced smaller shrinkage in the TPIA than in surrounding regions. Glacier shrinkage in the TPIA is mainly attributed to an increase in air temperature, while precipitation, glacier size and positive difference of glaciation also played an important role.

scholarly journals Interannual variability of PSP outbreaks on the north east UK coast

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Joint ◽  
Jane Lewis ◽  
James Aiken ◽  
Roger Proctor ◽  
Gerald Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Catalogue and Atlas of giant aufeis of the North-East of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Vladimir Alexeev ◽  
Olga Makarieva ◽  
Andrey Shikhov ◽  
Nataliia Nesterova ◽  
Andrey Ostashov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
History Of Study ◽  
Kolyma River

This study presents the results of development of the Catalogue and Atlas of giant aufeis-taryns in the North-East of Russia. The characteristics of aufeis in the North-East of Russia for the last 70 years have been generalized and systematized into the Catalogue database using data from the Cadastre of aufeis (1958) and Landsat images for the period 2013-2017 for the Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma River basins and Chukotka area. In total the territory more than 1.9 million km2 is covered by the study. The Catalogue contains the information about the location and characteristics of more than 4600 aufeis fields. The release of the Atlas of aufeis-taryns in the North-East of Russia has been announced. It reveals the history of study, origin, distribution, and specific features of aufeis and is supplemented with medium- and large-scale maps of aufeis with their seasonal and long-term dynamics.

scholarly journals Legal Vocabulary of Arabic-Speaking ‘adat Monuments in 14th-20th Century Dagestan (Some Results of the Study of Islamic Discourses)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-315
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bobrovnikov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Arabic Morphology ◽  
Arabic Speaking

The article is an attempt at a concise historical-legal dictionary of legal custom or ‘adat practiced by Muslim highlanders in the North-East Caucasus in the 14th-20th centuries. It contains 107 dictionary and phraseology units gathered in documents, normative and narrative sources including inscriptions. They share characteristic inaccuracies in Arabic morphology and peculiar semantics. The author argues that it was the result of cultural translation of historical realities of non-Arab society. Its legal vocabulary was created by relatively competent Shari‘a judges, teachers and students of madrasahs for members of their own rural communities and confederacies. The translation into Arabic aimed at legitimizing agreements concluded at meetings of the confederations. The glossary should help readers of local Arabic-speaking sources from the North-East Caucasus. At the same time, it elucidates controversies of Islamic discourse based on the Dagestani ‘adat that was a changing legal custom in the framework of first Islamic and then Russian imperial and early Soviet law. Historians know better the discourse of Muhammad of Kututl, Dawud of Usisha, Murtada-‘Ali of Urada who took part in the 17th-19th centuries Shari‘ah movement against non-Islamic local customs. In judicial practice, however, these scholars had to refer to different ‘adat norms and procedures reflecting the early modern society they lived in. At the same time, they Islamized legal custom gradually as we can see from changing meanings of the terms presented in the paper.

scholarly journals Historical and recent aufeis in the Indigirka River basin (Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Makarieva ◽  
Andrey Shikhov ◽  
Nataliia Nesterova ◽  
Andrey Ostashov
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Digital Database ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Normalized Difference Snow Index ◽  
Reference Index ◽  
Cross Reference

Abstract. A detailed spatial geodatabase of aufeis (or naled in Russian) within the Indigirka River watershed (305 000 km2), Russia, was compiled from historical Russian publications (year 1958), topographic maps (years 1970–1980s) and Landsat images (year 2013–2017). Identification of aufeis by late spring Landsat images was performed with a semi-automated approach according to Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and additional data. After this, a cross-reference index was set for each aufeis field to link and compare historical and satellite-based aufeis datasets. The aufeis coverage varies from 0.26 % to 1.15 % in different sub-basins within the Indigirka River watershed. The digitized historical archive (Cadastre, 1958) contains the coordinates and characteristics of 896 aufeis fields with a total area of 2064 km2. The Landsat-based dataset included 1213 aufeis fields with a total area of 1287 km2. Accordingly, the satellite-derived total aufeis area is 1.6 times less than the Cadastre (1958) dataset. However, more than 600 aufeis fields identified from Landsat images are missing in the Cadastre (1958) archive. It is therefore possible that the conditions for aufeis formation may have changed from the mid-20th century to the present. Most present and historical aufeis fields are located in the elevation band of 1000–1200 m. About 60 % of the total aufeis area is represented by just 10 % of the largest aufeis fields. Interannual variability of aufeis area for the period of 2001–2016 was assessed for the Bolshaya Momskaya aufeis and for a group of large aufeis fields (11 aufeis fields with areas from 5 to 70 km2) in the basin of the Syuryuktyakh River. The results of this analysis indicate a tendency towards an area decrease in the Bolshaya Momskaya aufeis in recent years, while no reduction in Syuryuktyakh River aufeis area was observed. The combined digital database of the aufeis is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.891036.

Climate change impact on water exchange processes in the cryolithozone of the North-East of Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Nesterova ◽  
Olga Makarieva ◽  
Anastasia Zemlyanskova ◽  
Andrey Ostashov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
River Ice ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Change Impact

<p>Climate warming cause the transformation of hydrological cycle in cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The aim of this research is to study the climate change impact on water exchange processes in the cryolithozone of the North-East of Russia.</p><p>The study presents the results of the analysis of changes in the characteristics of the climate (air temperature, precipitation), water discharge, soil temperature at the 80 cm depth and river-ice cover for a period of 50 years (1966-2018) and historical and modern data of aufeis area.</p><p><strong>Climate. </strong>The annual air temperature in the region increased by 2.3 °C on average. The analysis of annual precipitation showed multidirectional changes. However, most of the stations are characterized by a significant negative trend of precipitation in the winter and a positive annual trend of mixed and liquid precipitation with an increase in their share in the autumn months.</p><p><strong>Permafrost.</strong> The average annual soil temperature at the 80 cm depth increased by 1.7˚С at 7 of the 11 stations in the studied area. The maximum change reached 4.8˚С in June at the Verkhoyansk station.</p><p><strong>Streamflow.</strong> Significant increase of streamflow in the autumn-winter period (from August to December) at most of the rivers have been established. Even though permafrost warming is leading to deepening of active layer, we hypothesized that the main reason of base flow increase is the transition of precipitation from solid to liquid and corresponding increase of streamflow in September, continuing in the following months. There is a significant shift in the dates of spring freshet floods in May. But it does not lead to a decrease of runoff in June. This may indicate an increase of contribution to streamflow of such sources as thawing permafrost, glaciers and aufeis.</p><p><strong>The river-ice cover.</strong> There are significant changes in the characteristics of the river ice cover and the time of the river ice formation. On average, at 19 analyzed river gauges the decrease of river ice cover maximum depth was 41 cm (28%) and the period of formation of river ice with a thickness of 60 cm (necessary for using winter roads for passenger cars) has shifted to later period by 7-40 days.</p><p><strong>The aufeis.</strong> Aufeis is an important part of groundwater and surface flow interaction in the studied area. The analysis of the historical data and its comparison to modern distribution of aufeis in the region have shown significant changes. The total number (area) of aufeis was 4642 (7181 km<sup>2</sup>), according to the historical data (Cadastre of aufeis, 1958), and 6217 (3579 km<sup>2</sup>), according to Landsat data (2013-2019), which is 1.3 times higher by number, but 2 times less by total area.</p><p>The study indicates that considerable transformations are going on in all parts of hydrological cycle. The analysis results are used as the base for planning new multidisciplinary research to assess and project the changes in the natural conditions and water cycle in the cryolithozone of the North-East of Russia.</p><p>The study was carried out with the support of RFBR (projects 19-35-90090, 19-55-80028).</p>

scholarly journals Russian engineers – builders of banks in Manchuria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (68) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Mikhail Bazilevich ◽  
Anton A. Kim
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Building Practice ◽  
The Impact

The article tells us about Russian engineers of different specializations, who worked in the north-east of China, in Manchuria, in the first half of the 20th century, and whose professional activities were related to building banking institutions. It provides brief information about V.I. Baby, S.A. Vensan, G.V. Golovanov, P. L. Egorov, V.I. Kalabanovsky, Yu.K. KeroOr, I.I. Korablev, V.V. Koryagin, S.I. Maslenikov, S.N. Peshkov, V.A. Rassushin, P. S. Safaryants, D.V. Uskov, B.A. Chernyavsky and P.A. Shchelkov. The article highlights the impact of their activities on the development of architecture of financial institutions, as well as on introduction of engineering innovations into the building practice in Manchuria.

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