scholarly journals A new source of instrumental and phenological data for Catalonia and the Balearics (1895-1908)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc J. Prohom-Duran ◽  
Monica Herrero-Anaya
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Digitized Documents ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
The City

<p>Data rescue of instrumental meteorological measurements plays an important role in climate research, as it allows daily-to-decadal variability and changes, including extremes, to be addressed. In this context, long and high-quality series are the most valuable tool, but attention to short series is also needed for extremes evaluation and reanalysis of historical episodes. This need is even more relevant in those geographical areas with a great spatial and temporal variability, like the Mediterranean basin.</p><p>Here, we describe a new data source of instrumental and phenological observations for Catalonia (northeast of Iberia) and the Balearics, covering a period from 1894 to 1908 (until 1917 for the city of Barcelona), and known as the “Meteorological Network of Catalonia and the Balearics”. This observational network was the first successful coordinated initiative in Spain and was conducted by the<em> Granja Experimental de Barcelona</em>, an institution created by the Barcelona Provincial Council with the objective of collecting meteorological and phenological data for agronomic studies. The <em>Granja</em> created a network of 51 weather stations, supplying instrumentation and rules of observation to the volunteer observers. Most of the stations provided air temperature, rainfall, and air pressure data, and more detailed information was added since 1898, including sky conditions, or evaporation, with daily and sub-daily reports (twice a day). Regarding phenology, several stations reported various phenophases, such as first leaves, first fruits, fruit ripening and defoliation for plants and trees, and the passage, arrival, and departure of certain birds. The network, although short-lived, marked the beginning of many observatories that continued in later decades, and was the laid the first stone of the Meteorological Service of Catalonia, established in 1921.</p><p>Original observations are kept in paper sheets and have been recently digitized (scanned) and catalogued by the current SMC, jointly with additional documentation, such as written correspondence between the observers and the <em>Granja</em> (i.e., a valuable source for metadata) or special reports on intensity and duration of thunderstorms. The digitized documents (4,100 images) will be soon fully available throughout the public website “Digital Memory of Catalonia”, while daily maximum and minimum air temperature and rainfall data has already been extracted and recorded at the SMC database. </p>

scholarly journals Using Internet Search Queries to Assess Public Awareness of the Healthy Cities Approach: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4264
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yutong Zhang ◽  
Yixiong Xiao ◽  
Shaoqing Shen ◽  
Mo Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Healthy Cities ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The City

Cities around the globe are embracing the Healthy Cities approach to address urban health challenges. Public awareness is vital for successfully deploying this approach but is rarely assessed. In this study, we used internet search queries to evaluate the public awareness of the Healthy Cities approach applied in Shenzhen, China. The overall situation at the city level and the intercity variations were both analyzed. Additionally, we explored the factors that might affect the internet search queries of the Healthy Cities approach. Our results showed that the public awareness of the approach in Shenzhen was low. There was a high intercity heterogeneity in terms of interest in the various components of the Healthy Cities approach. However, we did not find a significant effect of the selected demographic, environmental, and health factors on the search queries. Based on our findings, we recommend that the city raise public awareness of healthy cities and take actions tailored to health concerns in different city zones. Our study showed that internet search queries can be a valuable data source for assessing the public awareness of the Healthy Cities approach.

scholarly journals Implementasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Pertamanan di Kota Palangka Raya Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reza Pahlawan ◽  
Edy Andrean
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Primary Data Source ◽  
The People ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
The City

This study aims to find out and describe the implementation of garden management policies in the City of Palangka Raya through Regional Regulation No. 03 of 2006 in order to create useful gardening conditions. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. In this case, the researcher wants to describe and also explain the phenomena that occur related to gardening problems that are still lacking in management. The primary data source of this research is the people of the City of Palangka Raya and the Office of Cipta Karya, Spatial Planning and Housing. The results of this study address this shows that there is still low awareness and willingness of the community to participate together in maintaining and managing parks. In addition, the communication, supervision and human resources factors that are owned by the related Office as the implementation of the policy to the public is felt to have not run optimally

scholarly journals PENGARUH KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK DAN PENGETAHUAN PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MEMBAYAR PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN DI KABUPATEN BENGKALIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Suharyono Suharyono
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Significant Positive Influence

Tax is one of the sources of financing for national development in order to improve society. Taxes have a very important role to play in state revenues in the present, This happens because taxes are a sure source of contribution to the country. In this regard, the importance of managing tax is a priority for the government. There are various types of taxes imposed on the public, one of which is the Land and Building Tax. This study aims to determine the effect of taxpayer awareness and tax knowledge on taxpayer compliance in paying land and building tax in the city of Bengkalis. The sample in this study were 347 taxpayers in the city of Bengkalis. The sample collection technique used in this study was using non probability sampling by convenience sampling method. The types of data used in this study are quantitative data in the form of values or scores on the answers given by respondents to the questions in the questionnaire. The data source used is primary data. Primary data obtained from direct observation, interviews, questionnaires and observations. The method of data analysis uses the test of validity and reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there is a significant positive influence between the awareness of taxpayers and knowledge of taxation on taxpayer compliance in paying land and building tax.

Assessment of a meteorological mesoscale model’s capability to simulate intra-urban thermal variability in a tropical city

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Sanchez ◽  
Matthias Roth ◽  
Andrés Simón-Moral ◽  
Alberto Martilli ◽  
Erik Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
The City

<p>Large spatial differences in canopy-layer air temperature are found across the city as a consequence of distinct urban morphologies and anthropogenic activities throughout the urban landscape. Model-based studies investigating the spatial and temporal variability of air temperature are commonly employed to assess heat mitigation strategies in cities. It is therefore important that models are capable to accurately predict air temperature variability across the city to account for the local climate context. This study explores the sensitivity of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a multi-layer urban scheme (BEP-BEM) to simulate intra-urban variations of 2-m air temperature during different synoptic conditions in a tropical city, Singapore. An accurate representation of the real heterogeneous urban morphology of Singapore is implemented in the model. Two one-month long simulations are conducted for distinct synoptic weather conditions: (a) a relatively wet period during the SW monsoon and (b) a very dry period during the NE monsoon. The performance of the model is firstly evaluated against micrometeorological data collected by a tall eddy covariance flux tower in a representative low-rise residential neighbourhood. Overall good performance is obtained for wind speed and direction, turbulence parameters and surface energy balance components, in particular during dry conditions. Some difficulties are found in predicting intermittent cloud cover, which results in an overestimation of net radiation increasing model errors during the wetter period. Hence the comparison of 2-m air temperatures against observations results in slightly higher errors during the latter period (RMSE<2.3°C) compared to the dry period (RMSE<1.6°C) using data from nine locations with different urban morphologies. Notable underestimation (overestimation) is obtained for the nighttime temperature at the most densely built-up (rural) area. A significant logarithmic relation between minimum nocturnal temperature and average aspect ratio is nevertheless obtained for both observations and simulations. Further analysis during clear sky conditions in both periods reveals that the spatial distribution of the diurnal temperature range computed at the urban locations varies according to synoptic conditions. The present research demonstrates the capability of the model to predict the intra-urban variability across distinct urban morphologies, however, it fails to accurately capture absolute differences in air temperature.</p>

Hospitals: N.Y. Appellate Court Denies Move to Privatize Public Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Robert Chatham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Municipal Hospital ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
The City

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.

Spatial Hotspot Analysis of Bucharest’s Urban Heat Island (UHI) Using Modis Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana Grigoraș ◽  
Bogdan Urițescu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
The City

Abstract The aim of the study is to find the relationship between the land surface temperature and air temperature and to determine the hot spots in the urban area of Bucharest, the capital of Romania. The analysis was based on images from both moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), located on both Terra and Aqua platforms, as well as on data recorded by the four automatic weather stations existing in the endowment of The National Air Quality Monitoring Network, from the summer of 2017. Correlation coefficients between land surface temperature and air temperature were higher at night (0.8-0.87) and slightly lower during the day (0.71-0.77). After the validation of satellite data with in-situ temperature measurements, the hot spots in the metropolitan area of Bucharest were identified using Getis-Ord spatial statistics analysis. It has been achieved that the “very hot” areas are grouped in the center of the city and along the main traffic streets and dense residential areas. During the day the "very hot spots” represent 33.2% of the city's surface, and during the night 31.6%. The area where the mentioned spots persist, falls into the "very hot spot" category both day and night, it represents 27.1% of the city’s surface and it is mainly represented by the city center.

Perancangan Boneka Edukasi Terinspirasi oleh Pencipta Boneka Si Unyil

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhari Amri
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Simple Materials

Film Unyil puppet comes not just part of the entertainment world that can be enjoyed by people from the side of the story, music, and dialogue. However, there is more value in it which is a manifestation of the creator that can be absorbed into the charge for the benefit of educating the children of Indonesia to the public at large. The Unyil puppet created by the father of Drs. Suyadi is one of the works that are now widely known by the whole people of Indonesia. The process of creating a puppet Unyil done with simple materials and formation of character especially adapted to the realities of the existing rural region. Through this process, this research leads to the design process is fundamentally educational puppet inspired by the creation of Si Unyil puppet. The difference is the inspiring character created in this study is on the characters that exist in urban life, especially the city of Jakarta. Thus the results of this study are the pattern of how to shape the design of products through the creation of the puppet with the approach of urban culture.

Towards a Customized¬ Awareness Campaign to Educate the Public about COVID-19: Development and Validation of a Messaging Campaign to Promote Precautionary Behavior Using Geospatial Intelligence in Saudi Arabia (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayda Alrige ◽  
Hind Bitar Bitar ◽  
Maram Meccawi ◽  
Balakrishnan Mullachery
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technique ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Local Map ◽  
The City ◽  
Intelligence Technique

BACKGROUND Designing a health promotion campaign is never an easy task, especially during a pandemic of a highly infectious disease, such as Covid-19. In Saudi Arabia, many attempts have been made toward raising the public awareness about Covid-19 infection-level and its precautionary health measures that have to be taken. Although this is useful, most of the health information delivered through the national dashboard and the awareness campaign are very generic and not necessarily make the impact we like to see on individuals’ behavior. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to build and validate a customized awareness campaign to promote precautionary health behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The customization is realized by utilizing a geospatial artificial intelligence technique called Space-Time Cube (STC) technique. METHODS This research has been conducted in two sequential phases. In the first phase, an initial library of thirty-two messages was developed and validated to promote precautionary messages during the COVID-19 pandemic. This phase was guided by the Fogg Behavior Model (FBM) for behavior change. In phase 2, we applied STC as a Geospatial Artificial Intelligence technique to create a local map for one city representing three different profiles for the city districts. The model was built using COVID-19 clinical data. RESULTS Thirty-two messages were developed based on resources from the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia. The enumerated content validity of the messages was established through the utilization of Content Validity Index (CVI). Thirty-two messages were found to have acceptable content validity (I-CVI=.87). The geospatial intelligence technique that we used showed three profiles for the districts of Jeddah city: one for high infection, another for moderate infection, and the third for low infection. Combining the results from the first and second phases, a customized awareness campaign was created. This awareness campaign would be used to educate the public regarding the precautionary health behaviors that should be taken, and hence help in reducing the number of positive cases in the city of Jeddah. CONCLUSIONS This research delineates the two main phases to developing a health awareness messaging campaign. The messaging campaign, grounded in FBM, was customized by utilizing Geospatial Artificial Intelligence to create a local map with three district profiles: high-infection, moderate-infection, and low-infection. Locals of each district will be targeted by the campaign based on the level of infection in their district as well as other shared characteristics. Customizing health messages is very prominent in health communication research. This research provides a legitimate approach to customize health messages during the pandemic of COVID-19.

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