scholarly journals Response of dissolved and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in runoff to monsoon storm events in two watersheds of different tree species composition

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Hee Lee ◽  
Jean-Lionel Payeur-Poirier ◽  
Ji-Hyung Park ◽  
Egbert Matzner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N

Abstract. Heavy storm events may increase the amount of organic matter in runoff from forested watersheds as well as the relation of dissolved to particulate organic matter. Little is known about the behaviour of dissolved and particulate organic N and its relations to C. This study evaluated the effects of monsoon storm events on the runoff fluxes and on the quality of dissolved (< 0.45 µm) and particulate (0.7 µm to 1 mm) organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON, POC, PON) in a mixed coniferous/deciduous (mixed watershed) and a deciduous forested watershed (deciduous watershed) in South Korea. During storm events, DOC concentrations in runoff increased with discharge, while DON concentrations were stable. DOC, DON and NO3-N fluxes in runoff increased linearly with discharge, whereas nonlinear responses of POC and PON fluxes were observed. The cumulative C and N fluxes in runoff were in the order; DOC > POC and NO3-N > DON > PON. The cumulative DOC fluxes in runoff during the 2 months study period were much larger at the deciduous watershed (16 kg C ha−1) than at the mixed watershed (7 kg C ha−1), while the cumulative NO3-N fluxes were higher at the mixed watershed (5.2 kg N ha−1) than at the deciduous watershed (2.9 kg N ha−1). Cumulative fluxes of POC and PON were similar at both watersheds. Quality parameters of organic matter in soils and runoff suggested that the contribution of near surface flow to runoff was larger at the deciduous than at the mixed watershed. Our results demonstrate different responses of dissolved C and N in runoff to storm events as a combined effect of tree species composition and watershed-specific flowpaths.

scholarly journals Variability in runoff fluxes of dissolved and particulate carbon and nitrogen from two watersheds of different tree species during intense storm events

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 5421-5432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Hee Lee ◽  
Jean-Lionel Payeur-Poirier ◽  
Ji-Hyung Park ◽  
Egbert Matzner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N

Abstract. Heavy storm events may increase the amount of organic matter in runoff from forested watersheds as well as the relation of dissolved to particulate organic matter. This study evaluated the effects of monsoon storm events on the runoff fluxes and on the composition of dissolved (< 0.45 µm) and particulate (0.7 µm to 1 mm) organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON, POC, PON) in a mixed coniferous/deciduous (mixed watershed) and a deciduous forested watershed (deciduous watershed) in South Korea. During storm events, DOC concentrations in runoff increased with discharge, while DON concentrations remained almost constant. DOC, DON and NO3–N fluxes in runoff increased linearly with discharge pointing to changing flow paths from deeper to upper soil layers at high discharge, whereas nonlinear responses of POC and PON fluxes were observed likely due to the origin of particulate matter from the erosion of mineral soil along the stream benches. The integrated C and N fluxes in runoff over the 2-month study period were in the order of DOC > POC and NO3–N > DON > PON. The integrated DOC fluxes in runoff during the study period were much larger at the deciduous watershed (16 kg C ha−1) than at the mixed watershed (7 kg C ha−1), while the integrated NO3–N fluxes were higher at the mixed watershed (5.2 kg N ha−1) than at the deciduous watershed (2.9 kg N ha−1). The latter suggests a larger N uptake by deciduous trees. Integrated fluxes of POC and PON were similar at both watersheds. The composition of organic matter in soils and runoff indicates that the contribution of near-surface flow to runoff was larger at the deciduous than at the mixed watershed. Our results demonstrate different responses of particulate and dissolved C and N in runoff to storm events as a combined effect of tree species composition and watershed specific flow paths.

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration and turnover in aggregates under subtropical leucaena–grass pastures

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Conrad ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Ryosuke Fujinuma ◽  
Neal W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sequestration ◽  
C And N

Stabilisation and protection of soil organic carbon (SOC) in macroaggregates and microaggregates represents an important mechanism for the sequestration of SOC. Legume-based grass pastures have the potential to contribute to aggregate formation and stabilisation, thereby leading to SOC sequestration. However, there is limited research on the C and N dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) fractions in deep-rooted legume leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala)–grass pastures. We assessed the potential of leucaena to sequester carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil aggregates by estimating the origin, quantity and distribution in the soil profile. We utilised a chronosequence (0–40 years) of seasonally grazed leucaena stands (3–6 m rows), which were sampled to a depth of 0.3 m at 0.1-m intervals. The soil was wet-sieved for different aggregate sizes (large macroaggregates, >2000 µm; small macroaggregates, 250–2000 µm; microaggregates, 53–250 µm; and <53 µm), including occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) within macroaggregates (>250 µm), and then analysed for organic C, N and δ13C and δ15N. Leucaena promoted aggregation, which increased with the age of the leucaena stands, and in particular the formation of large macroaggregates compared with grass in the upper 0.2 m. Macroaggregates contained a greater SOC stock than microaggregates, principally as a function of the soil mass distribution. The oPOM-C and -N concentrations were highest in macroaggregates at all depths. The acid nonhydrolysable C and N distribution (recalcitrant SOM) provided no clear distinction in stabilisation of SOM between pastures. Leucaena- and possibly other legume-based grass pastures have potential to sequester SOC through stabilisation and protection of oPOM within macroaggregates in soil.

Loss of available soil organic carbon from afforestation plots: effect of tree species composition and warming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhui Jiang ◽  
Anna Gunina ◽  
Lucas Merz ◽  
Yihe Yang ◽  
Yakov Kuzyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Tree Species Composition

&lt;p&gt;Afforestation with pure and mixed-species is an important strategy to improve soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and restore degraded lands. However, what remains unclear is the stability of SOC to microbial degradation after afforestation and the effect of tree species composition. Moreover, it is important to reveal how sensitive the SOC in afforestation lands is to environmental changes, such as warming. To study the combined effects of warming and the tree species composition on decomposition of SOC by microorganisms and enzyme activities, soils were collected from the monocultural and mixtures of Silver birch (Betula Pendula) and European beech (Fagus Silvatica) (BangorDiversity, UK, 12 years since afforestation) and were incubated for 169 days at 0, 10, 20, 30 &amp;#176;C at 60 % of WHC. The field experiment is arranged into a completely randomized design with n=4. The CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; efflux was measured constantly, whereas activities of &amp;#946;-glucosidase, chitinase and acid phosphatase, and content of microbial biomass C (MBC) were obtained at the end of the incubation.&amp;#160;Results showed that soil cumulative CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; efflux increased by 34.7&amp;#8211;107% with the temperature. Potential enzyme activities were dependent on tree species composition. Warming, but not tree species exhibited a significant impact on the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil cumulative CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; efflux and enzyme activities. The greatest temperature sensitivity (Q&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;) of total CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; efflux was found at 10&amp;#8211;20 &amp;#176;C and was 2.0&amp;#8211;2.1, but that of enzyme activities were found as 0.9&amp;#8211;1.1 at 0&amp;#8211;10 &amp;#176;C. These results suggest that warming has an asynchronous effect on the SOC decomposition and enzyme activity, and enzymes cannot account for the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Thus, thermal adaptations of SOC mineralization is independent of the adaptation of the enzyme pool.&lt;/p&gt;

Does tree species composition control soil organic carbon pools in Mediterranean mountain forests?

2011 ◽  
Vol 262 (10) ◽  
pp. 1895-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Díaz-Pinés ◽  
Agustín Rubio ◽  
Helga Van Miegroet ◽  
Fernando Montes ◽  
Marta Benito
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Composition Control ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Pools
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