scholarly journals Phosphorus addition mitigates N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions in N-saturated subtropical forest, SW China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfei Yu ◽  
Yihao Wang ◽  
Xiaoshan Zhang ◽  
Peter Dörsch ◽  
Jan Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Sw China ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
P Addition

Abstract. Chronically elevated nitrogen (N) deposition has led to severe nutrient imbalance in forest soils. Particularly in tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems, increasing N loading has aggravated phosphorus (P) limitation of biomass production, and has resulted in elevated emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and reduced uptake of methane (CH4), both of which are important greenhouse gases. Yet, the interactions of N and P and their effects on GHG emissions remain understudied. Here, we report N2O and CH4 emissions together with soil chemistry data for the a period of 18 months following P addition (79 kg P ha−1 yr−1, applied as NaH2PO4 powder) to a N-saturated, Masson pine-dominated forest at TieShanPing (TSP), Chongqing, SW China. We observed a significant decline both in NO3− concentrations in soil water (at 5- and 20-cm depths) and in N2O emissions, the latter by 3 kg N ha−1 yr−1. We hypothesize that enhanced N uptake by plants and soil microbes in response to P addition, results in less available NO3− for denitrification. By contrast to most other forest ecosystems, TSP is a net source of CH4. As for N2O, P addition significantly decreased CH4 emissions, turning the soil into a net sink. Based on our data and previous studies in South America and China, we believe that P addition relieves N-inhibition of CH4 oxidation. Within the 1.5 years after P addition, no significant increase of forest growth was observed at TSP, but we cannot exclude that understory vegetation increased. Our study suggests that P fertilization of acid forest soils could mitigate GHG emissions in addition to alleviate nutrient imbalances and reduce losses of nitrogen through NO3− leaching and N2O emission.

scholarly journals Phosphorus addition mitigates N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions in N-saturated subtropical forest, SW China

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3097-3109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfei Yu ◽  
Yihao Wang ◽  
Xiaoshan Zhang ◽  
Peter Dörsch ◽  
Jan Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Understorey Vegetation ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Sw China ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
P Addition

Abstract. Chronically elevated nitrogen (N) deposition has led to severe nutrient imbalance in forest soils. Particularly in tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems, increasing N loading has aggravated phosphorus (P) limitation of biomass production, and has resulted in elevated emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and reduced uptake of methane (CH4), both of which are important greenhouse gases. Yet, the interactions of N and P and their effects on greenhouse gas emissions remain elusive. Here, we report N2O and CH4 emissions together with soil N and P data for a period of 18 months following a single P addition (79 kg P ha−1, as NaH2PO4 powder) to an N-saturated, Masson pine-dominated forest soil at TieShanPing (TSP), Chongqing, south-western (SW) China. We observed a significant decline in both nitrate (NO3−) concentrations in soil water (5 and 20 cm depths) and in soil N2O emissions, following P application. We hypothesise that enhanced N uptake by plants in response to P addition, resulted in less available NO3− for denitrification. By contrast to most other forest ecosystems, TSP is a net source of CH4. P addition significantly decreased CH4 emissions and turned the soil from a net source into a net sink. Based on our observation and previous studies in South America and China, we believe that P addition relieves N inhibition of CH4 oxidation. Within the 1.5 years after P addition, no significant increase of forest growth was observed and P stimulation of forest N uptake by understorey vegetation remains to be confirmed. Our study indicates that P fertilisation of N-saturated, subtropical forest soils may mitigate N2O and CH4 emissions, in addition to alleviating nutrient imbalances and reducing losses of N through NO3− leaching.

scholarly journals Effect of Manure from Cattle Fed 3-Nitrooxypropanol on Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions Depends on Soil Type

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Tien L. Weber ◽  
Xiying Hao ◽  
Cole D. Gross ◽  
Karen A. Beauchemin ◽  
Scott X. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Gray Luvisol

Cattle production is a large source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Canadian livestock sector. Efforts to reduce CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation have led to modifications of diet composition for livestock, resulting in a corresponding change in manure properties. We studied the effect of applying manure from cattle fed a barley-based diet with and without the methane inhibitor supplement, 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), on soil GHG emissions. Three soils common to Alberta, Canada, were used: a Black Chernozem, a Dark Brown Chernozem, and a Gray Luvisol. We compared the supplemented (3-NOPM) and non-supplemented manure (BM) amendments to a composted 3-NOPM (3-NOPC) amendment and a control with no manure amendment (CK). In an 84-day laboratory incubation experiment, 3-NOPM had significantly lower cumulative CO2 emissions compared to BM in both the Black Chernozem and Gray Luvisol. The cumulative N2O emissions were lowest for 3-NOPC and CK and highest for 3-NOPM across all soil types. Cumulative CH4 emissions were only affected by soil type, with a net positive flux from the fine-textured Gray Luvisol and Dark Brown Chernozem and a net negative flux from the coarse-textured Black Chernozem. Cumulative anthropogenic GHG emissions (CO2-equivalent) from soil amended with 3-NOPM were significantly higher than those for both BM and CK amendments in the Black Chernozem, while the cumulative anthropogenic GHG emissions from the 3-NOPC treatment were similar to or significantly lower than those for the BM and CK treatments across all soil types. We conclude that soil GHG emissions resulting from the 3-NOPM amendment are dependent on soil type and 3-NOPM could potentially increase soil GHG emissions compared to BM or CK. Although we show that the composting of 3-NOPM prior to soil application can reduce soil GHG emissions, the composting process also releases GHGs, which should also be considered in assessing the life-cycle of manure application. Our results provide a first look at the potential effect of the next stage in the life cycle of 3-NOP on GHG emissions. Further research related to the effect of soil properties, particularly in field studies, is needed to assess the best management practices related to the use of manure from cattle-fed diets supplemented with 3-NOP as a soil amendment.

scholarly journals Sources of nitrous oxide emitted from European forest soils

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1353-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ambus ◽  
S. Zechmeister-Boltenstern ◽  
K. Butterbach-Bahl
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Gross Nitrification ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Average Contribution

Abstract. Forest ecosystems may provide strong sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is important for atmospheric chemical and radiative properties. Nonetheless, our understanding of controls on forest N2O emissions is insufficient to narrow current flux estimates, which still are associated with great uncertainties. In this study, we have investigated the quantitative and qualitative relationships between N-cycling and N2O production in European forests in order to evaluate the importance of nitrification and denitrification for N2O production. Soil samples were collected in 11 different sites characterized by variable climatic regimes and forest types. Soil N-cycling and associated production of N2O was assessed following application of 15N-labeled nitrogen. The N2O emission varied significantly among the different forest soils, and was inversely correlated to the soil C:N ratio. The N2O emissions were significantly higher from the deciduous soils (13 ng N2O-N cm-3d-1) than from the coniferous soils (4 ng N2O-N cm-3d-1). Nitrate (NO3-) was the dominant substrate for N2O with an average contribution of 62% and exceeding 50% at least once for all sites. The average contribution of ammonium (NH4+) to N2O averaged 34%. The N2O emissions were correlated with gross nitrification activities, and as for N2O, gross nitrification was also higher in deciduous soils (3.4 μ g N cm-3d-1) than in coniferous soils (1.1 μ g N cm-3d-1). The ratio between N2O production and gross nitrification averaged 0.67% (deciduous) and 0.44% (coniferous). Our study suggests that changes in forest composition in response to land use activities and global change may have implications for regional budgets of greenhouse gases. From the study it also became clear that N2O emissions were driven by the nitrification activity, although the N2O was produced per se mainly from denitrification. Increased nitrification in response to accelerated N inputs predicted for forest ecosystems in Europe may thus lead to increased greenhouse gas emissions from forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Forest Soils Reduced by Straw Biochar and Nitrapyrin Applications

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Jinbiao Li ◽  
Jin-Hyeob Kwak ◽  
Scott X. Chang ◽  
Xiaoqiang Gong ◽  
Zhengfeng An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Ch4 Uptake ◽  
Cumulative Co2 Emissions

Forestlands are widely distributed in the dominantly agricultural landscape in western Canada, and they play important ecological functions; such forestlands (e.g., shelterbelts) accumulate soil organic matter and may receive a substantial amount of nitrogen in the form of surface and subsurface runoff from adjacent croplands and become a significant source of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO2, N2O, and CH4. Biochar and nitrapyrin applications could potentially mitigate GHG emissions, but their co-application in forest soils has not been studied. We investigated the effect of the application of biochars produced at low (300 °C; BC300) and high temperatures (700 °C; BC700) using canola (Brassica napus L.) straw and the effect of their co-application with nitrapyrin on GHG emissions and soil properties in a 35-day laboratory incubation experiment using forest soils collected from five shelterbelt sites. Results showed no significant interaction effect of biochar and nitrapyrin on the global warming potential (GWP) of the GHG emissions, and the GWP was 15.8% lower in the soil with nitrapyrin than without nitrapyrin application treatments. The GWP was significantly enhanced by BC300 addition due to a 26.9% and 627.1% increase in cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions, respectively, over the 35-day incubation. The GWP significantly decreased by BC700 addition due to a 27.1% decrease in cumulative CO2 emissions. However, biochar addition did not affect CH4 emissions, while nitrapyrin decreased CH4 uptake by 50.5%. With BC300 addition, soil-dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon increased by 26.5% and 33.9%, respectively, as compared to no biochar addition (CK). Soil pH increased by 0.16 and 0.37 units after the addition of BC300 and BC700, respectively. Overall, the effect of biochar and nitrapyrin was independent in mitigating GHG emissions and was related to the type of biochar applied and changes in soil properties.

Methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions from an Australian piggery with short and long hydraulic retention-time effluent storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. McGahan ◽  
F. A. Phillips ◽  
S. G. Wiedemann ◽  
T. A. Naylor ◽  
B. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Reduce Emissions

In the Australian pork industry, manure is the main source of greenhouse gases (GHG). In conventional production systems, effluent from sheds is transferred into open anaerobic ponds where the effluent is typically stored for many months, with the potential of generating large quantities of GHG. The present study measured methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from a conventional anaerobic effluent pond (control), a short hydraulic retention-time tank (short HRT, mitigation) and from the animal housing for a flushing piggery in south-eastern Queensland, over two 30-day trials during summer and winter. Emissions were compared to determine the potential for a short HRT to reduce emissions. Average CH4 emissions from the pond were 452 ± 37 g per animal unit (AU; 1 AU = 500 kg liveweight) per day, during the winter trial and 789 ± 29 g/AU.day during the summer trial. Average NH3 emissions were 73 ± 8 g/AU.day during the winter trial and 313 ± 18 g/AU.day during the summer trial. High emission factors during summer will be temperature driven and influenced by the residual volatile solids and nitrogen (N) deposited in the pond during winter. Average NH3 emissions from the piggery shed were 0.707 ± 0.050 g/AU.day and CH4 emissions were 0.344 ± 0.116 g/AU.day. The N2O concentrations from both the pond and shed were close to, or below, the detection limits. Total emissions from the short HRT during the winter and summer trials, respectively, were as follows: CH4 10.65 ± 0.616 mg/AU.day and 4108 ± 473 mg/AU.day; NH3-N 1.15 ± 0.07 mg/AU.day and 29.8 ± 2.57 mg/AU.day; N2O-N 0.001 ± 0.00052 mg/AU.day and 5.9 ± 0.321 mg/AU.day. On the basis of a conservative analysis of CH4 emissions relative to the inflow of volatile solids, and NH3 and N2O emissions as a fraction of the excreted N, GHG emissions were found to be 79% lower from the short-HRT system. This system provides a potential mitigation option to reduce GHG emissions from conventional pork production in Australia.

scholarly journals Sources of nitrous oxide emitted from European forest soils

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ambus ◽  
S. Zechmeister-Boltenstern ◽  
K. Butterbach-Bahl
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Gross Nitrification ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Average Contribution

Abstract. Forest ecosystems may provide strong sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is important for atmospheric chemical and radiative properties. Nonetheless, our understanding of controls on forest N2O emissions is insufficient to narrow current flux estimates, which still are associated with great uncertainties. In this study, we have investigated the quantitative and qualitative relationships between N-cycling and N2O production in European forests in order to evaluate the importance of nitrification and denitrification for N2O production. Soil samples were collected in 11 different sites characterized by variable climatic regimes and forest types. Soil N-cycling and associated production of N2O was assessed following application of 15N-labeled nitrogen. The N2O emission varied significantly among the different forest soils, and was inversely correlated to the soil C:N ratio. The N2O emissions were significantly higher from the deciduous soils (13 ng N2O-N cm-3 d-1) than from the coniferous soils (4 ng N2O-N cm-3 d-1). Nitrate (NO3-) was the dominant substrate for N2O with an average contribution of 62% and exceeding 50% at least once for all sites. The average contribution of ammonium (NH4+) to N2O averaged 34%. The N2O emissions were correlated with gross nitrification activities, and as for N2O, gross nitrification was also higher in deciduous soils (3.4 µg N cm-3 d-1) than in coniferous soils (1.1 µg N cm-3 d-1). The ratio between N2O production and gross nitrification averaged 0.67% (deciduous) and 0.44% (coniferous). Our study suggests that changes in forest composition in response to land use activities and global change may have implications for regional budgets of greenhouse gases. From the study it also became clear that N2O emissions were driven by the nitrification activity, although the N2O was produced per se mainly from denitrification. Increased nitrification in response to accelerated N inputs predicted for forest ecosystems in Europe may thus lead to increased greenhouse gas emissions from forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Effects of Integrated Rice-Frog Farming on Paddy Field Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaikai Fang ◽  
Xiaomei Yi ◽  
Wei Dai ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Linkui Cao
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil Redox Potential ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Significant Difference

Integrated rice-frog farming (IRFF), as a mode of ecological farming, is fundamental in realizing sustainable development in agriculture. Yet its production of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains unclear. Here, a randomized plot field experiment was performed to study the GHG emissions for various farming systems during the rice growing season. The farming systems included: conventional farming (CF), green integrated rice-frog farming (GIRF), and organic integrated rice-frog farming (OIRF). Results indicate that the cumulative methane (CH4) emissions from the whole growth period were divergent for the three farming systems, with OIRF having the highest value and CF having the lowest. For nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, the order is reversed. IRFF significantly increased the dissolved oxygen (DO), soil redox potential (Eh), total organic carbon (TOC) content, and soil C:N ratio, which is closely related to GHG emissions in rice fields. Additionally, the average emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from soils during rice growing seasons ranged from 2312.27 to 2589.62 kg ha−1 and showed no significant difference in the three treatments. Rice yield in the GIRF and OIRF were lower (2.0% and 16.7%) than the control. The CH4 emissions contributed to 83.0–96.8% of global warming potential (GWP). Compared to CF, the treatment of GIRF and OIRF increased the GWP by 41.3% and 98.2% during the whole growing period of rice, respectively. IRFF significantly increased greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI, 0.79 kg CO2-eq ha−1 grain yield), by 91.1% over the control. Compared to the OIRF, GIRF decreased the GHGI by approximately 39.4% (0.59 kg CO2-eq ha−1 grain yield), which was 44.2% higher than that of the control. The results of structural equation model showed that the contribution of fertilization to CH4 emissions in paddy fields was much greater than that of frog activity. Moreover, frog activity could decrease GWP by reducing CH4 emissions from rice fields. And while GIRF showed a slight increase in GHG emissions, it could still be considered as a good strategy for providing an environmentally-friendly option in maintaining crop yield in paddy fields.

scholarly journals Irrigation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Review of Field-Based Studies

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Sapkota ◽  
Amir Haghverdi ◽  
Claudia C. E. Avila ◽  
Samantha C. Ying
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Ch4 Emissions

Irrigation practices can greatly influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of their control on soil microbial activity and substrate supply. However, the effects of different irrigation management practices, such as flood irrigations versus reduced volume methods, including drip and sprinkler irrigation, on GHG emissions are still poorly understood. Therefore, this review was performed to investigate the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) by synthesizing existing research that either directly or indirectly examined the effects of at least two irrigation rates on GHG emissions within a single field-based study. Out of thirty-two articles selected for review, reduced irrigation was found to be effective in lowering the rate of CH4 emissions, while flood irrigation had the highest CH4 emission. The rate of CO2 emission increased mostly under low irrigation, and the effect of irrigation strategies on N2O emissions were inconsistent, though a majority of studies reported low N2O emissions in continuously flooded field treatments. The global warming potential (GWP) demonstrated that reduced or water-saving irrigation strategies have the potential to decrease the effect of GHG emissions. In general, GWP was higher for the field that was continuously flooded. The major finding from this review is that optimizing irrigation may help to reduce CH4 emissions and net GWP. However, more field research assessing the effect of varying rates of irrigation on the emission of GHGs from the agricultural field is warranted.

scholarly journals Estimation of Tunisian Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Different Livestock Species

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Hajer Ammar ◽  
Sourour Abidi ◽  
Mediha Ayed ◽  
Nizar Moujahed ◽  
Mario E. deHaro Martí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Livestock Emissions

This study aimed to determine the emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from seven Tunisian livestock species and their evolution over eleven consecutive years (2008–2018). The species of animals used were cattle (dairy and others), sheep, goats, camelids, horses, donkeys and mules, and poultry. The estimations of CH4 and N2O emissions were based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for national inventories, using Tier 1 and Tier 2 approaches, with its default emission factors (EFs). The Tier 2 approach was applied only for the calculation of EF to estimate CH4 emissions related to livestock manure management. CH4 emission represented more than 92% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) from livestock emissions. Moreover, 53% of the total CH4 emissions from livestock were derived from cattle, followed by sheep, goats, other mammals (camelids, horses, mules, and donkeys), and poultry. During the period covered by the study (2008–2018), a slight and continuous decrease of both livestock population and total GHG emissions was observed, mainly in terms of CH4. In mammals, CH4 emissions were greater than N2O emissions, whereas in poultry, N2O emissions were up to 2.6 times greater than CH4 emissions. The aggressive drive of the government to increase cattle and sheep production might affect CH4 emissions in the future. Therefore, periodic estimations of GHG emissions from livestock are required to follow the time trends for more rational decision-making regarding livestock and GHG emissions policies.

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