scholarly journals Numerical analysis of the interaction between a GTEM-cell and a device under test using a hybrid method

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zellerhoff ◽  
L. Klinkenbusch

Abstract. Due to the increasing importance of EMC problems through the last years there is a great interest in measurement devices such as GTEM-cells (Giga(Hz)- TEM cells). They promise to allow compact and low-cost emission- as well as susceptibility tests up to very high frequencies. Expensive measurement procedures in open-area test sites or within semi-anechoic chambers would become obsolete in many cases. To estimate the quality and reliability of GTEM-cell measurements it is necessary to have detailed knowledge about the processes within the cell and, in particular, about the interactions between the cell and the DUT (device under test). Due to the high frequency and the cell’s dimensions a purely numerical simulation while using standard techniques such as Finite Element Method, Method of Moments (MoM) or the Finite-Differ-Time-Domain (FDTD) method is inefficient and unnecessary since the GTEM-cell is a mostly empty homogeneous TEM-waveguide. Analytical models allow only the investigation of empty cells. As will be outlined in the following, a suitable way to reduce the numerical complexity of the general problem is the use of a hybrid method, such as the combination of a modal analysis with the MoM.

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3747
Author(s):  
Adriana Lipovac ◽  
Vlatko Lipovac ◽  
Borivoj Modlic

Contemporary wireless networks dramatically enhance data rates and latency to become a key enabler of massive communication among various low-cost devices of limited computational power, standardized by the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) downscaled derivations LTE-M or narrowband Internet of Things (NB IoT), in particular. Specifically, assessment of the physical-layer transmission performance is important for higher-layer protocols determining the extent of the potential error recovery escalation upwards the protocol stack. Thereby, it is needed that the end-points of low processing capacity most efficiently estimate the residual bit error rate (BER) solely determined by the main orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) impairment–carrier frequency offset (CFO), specifically in small cells, where the signal-to-noise ratio is large enough, as well as the OFDM symbol cyclic prefix, preventing inter-symbol interference. However, in contrast to earlier analytical models with computationally demanding estimation of BER from the phase deviation caused by CFO, in this paper, after identifying the optimal sample instant in a power delay profile, we abstract the CFO by equivalent time dispersion (i.e., by additional spreading of the power delay profile that would produce the same BER degradation as the CFO). The proposed BER estimation is verified by means of the industry-standard LTE software simulator.


Author(s):  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Yang Qiu ◽  
Qing-Lin Xu ◽  
Jin Tian

This paper presents an efficient hybrid method consisting of Lorentz reciprocity theorem, finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method, thin wire model, transmission line (TL) equations and transfer impedance model, which can be utilized to analyze the system-level transient responses of the microstrip antenna system with antenna, metallic enclosures, braided shielded cable, and lumped element, when illuminated by an external electromagnetic pulse (EMP). In order to avoid over-fine mesh generation and repeated modeling of the antenna in multiple simulations, Lorentz reciprocity theorem is employed to extract an equivalent source model of antenna coupling, thereby improving the computational efficiency. Then, the transfer impedance model and thin wire model are incorporated into the FDTD-TL method efficiently to deal with the back-door coupling through the shielding layer of feeding coaxial cable. Finally, the hybrid FDTD method combined with the extracted equivalent source of antenna coupling is utilized to solve the coupling responses of the whole antenna system. The results of numerical simulation are verified by comparing with the simulation results of CST CS. Then, considering the influence of different incident conditions of external EMP, the characteristics of the coupling response of the system are analyzed. The obtained coupling response information demonstrate that the proposed method is available for further designing electromagnetic protection of the inner circuits of the microstrip antenna system against the impact of external EMP.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Guiyue Kou ◽  
Mouyou Lin ◽  
Changbao Chu

In the MEMS optical switch assembly, the collision is likely to happen between the optical fiber and the U-groove of the chip due to the uncontrollable assembly errors. However, these errors can hardly be completely eliminated by the active control using high precision sensors and actuators. It will cause the large acting force and part damage, which further leads to the assembly failure. To solve this question, this paper presents a novel low-cost three-degree-of-freedom (three-DOF) passive flexure system to adaptively eliminate the planar assembly errors. The flexure system adopts three parallel kinematic chains with a novel 3-RPR structure and has a compact size with a diameter of 125 mm and thickness of 12 mm. A novel eddy current damper with the structure of Halbach array permanent magnets (PMs) is utilized to suppress the adverse mechanical vibration of the assembly system from the background disturbances. Analytical models are established to analyze the kinematic, static, and dynamic performances of the system in detail. Finally, finite element analysis is adopted to verify the established models for optimum design. The flexure system can generate a large deformation of 1.02 mm along the two translational directions and 0.02° along the rotational direction below the yield state of the material, and it has much higher natural frequencies than 200 Hz. Moreover, the large damping force means that the designed ECD can suppress the system vibration quickly. The above results indicate the excellent characteristics of the assembly system that will be applied into the optical switch assembly.


Author(s):  
Marcus Varanis ◽  
Anderson Langone Silva ◽  
Pedro Henrique Ayres Brunetto ◽  
Rafael Ferreira Gregolin

In this paper, we use the Arduino platform together with sensors as accelerometer, gyroscope and ultrasound, to measure vibrations in mechanical systems. The main objective is to assemble a signals acquisition system easy to handle, of low cost and good accuracy for teaching purposes. It is also used the Python language and its numerical libraries for signal processing. This paper proposes the study of vibrations of a beam, which is measured by position, velocity and acceleration. An experimental setup was implemented. The results obtained are compared with analytical models and computer simulations using finite elements. The results are in agreement with the literature.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeungYun Han ◽  
HyunJung Kim ◽  
Jongchan Park ◽  
SangYun Lee ◽  
KyeoReh Lee ◽  
...  

Abstract:Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) is widely used to provide the minimum inhibitory concentration of bacteria, and crucial to provide appropriate uses of antibiotics and to address the issue of drug-resistance bacteria. However, ASTs require the time-consuming incubation about 16-20 h for the visual determination of the growth of bacterial colonies, which has been a major obstacle to on-site applications of ASTs. In this study, we propose a rapid and non-invasive method based on laser speckles to evaluate the bacterial growth movements in real time, thus reducing the time for the agar dilution method. With a simple configuration compatible with conventional agar plates, the analysis of laser speckle from samples enables the early detection of the presence of growth as well as its detailed history of the colony-forming movement on agar plates. Using the samples prepared through the same procedure as the agar dilution method, we obtained the AST results at least 4-8 hours earlier than the conventional method without compromising the accuracy. This technique does not require for the use of exogenous agents, but works for most bacteria regardless of their species. Furthermore, the distinctive responses of several species to microbial agents were revealed through the present technique supporting a comprehensive analysis of the effect of the antibiotics. The findings suggest that this new method could be a useful tool for rapid, simple, and low-cost ASTs in addition to providing the historical information of the bacterial growth on agar plates.


2019 ◽  
pp. 5-12

Factibilidad de integrar split-drain MAGFETs con alta sensibilidad en tecnología CMOS Feasibility to integrate high-sensitivity split-drain MAGFETs in CMOS technology Gerard Franz Santillán Quiñonez, Víctor H. Champac Vilela y Roberto S. Murphy Arteaga Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus UniversitárioTrindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, C.P. 88040900, e-mail: [email protected] Departamento de Electrónica, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Sta. Ma. Tonantzintla, Puebla, México, C.P. 72840. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2011.0015/ RESUMEN La factibilidad de un Split-Drain MAGFET como sensor magnético ha sido explorada con diversas metodologías, pero sin aprovechar más de un efecto galvanomagnético simultáneamente. Unificando trabajos realizados teórica y experimentalmente, modelos analíticos continuos para la relación entre las fuerzas actuando en la dirección de deflexión y el ángulo de Hall, así como criterios de diseño para incrementar la sensibilidad de un Split-Drain MAGFET son presentados. El análisis propuesto muestra que es posible aprovechar los efectos de deflexión de las líneas de corriente y de magnetorresistencia para incrementar la sensibilidad en un Split-Drain MAGFET. Con un Split-Drain MAGFET con canal considerado como plato de Hall corto, sensibilidades de hasta 59 %/T han sido obtenidas experimentalmente midiendo densidades de flujo magnético desde 90 µT hasta 275 µT. Esto es posible debido a la contribución de los dos efectos galvanomagnéticos considerados. Adicionalmente, un macro modelo SPICE para un Split-Drain MAGFET es propuesto para facilitar su uso en circuitos de mayor complejidad. Con respecto a los resultados experimentales obtenidos, el macro modelo SPICE propuesto tiene un error <1.6 % generando el desbalance entre las corrientes de drenaje. Como un Split-Drain MAGFET es compatible con tecnología CMOS, dominante en circuitos integrados, los resultados obtenidos muestran que es factible usarlo como sensor magnético en sistemas integrados CMOS de alta complejidad, lo cual puede abrir un amplio rango de aplicaciones con bajo costo. Descriptores: MAGFET, split-drain MAGFET, efectos galvanomagnéticos, efecto Hall, magnetorresistencia, sensor magnético. ABSTRACT The feasibility of a Split-Drain MAGFET as magnetic sensor has been explored with several methodologies, but without simultaneously advantaging more than one galvanomagnetic effect. Unifying theorically and experimentally developed works, continuous analytical models for the relationship between forces acting in the deflection direction and for the Hall angle, as well as design criteria to increase the sensitivity of a Split-Drain MAGFET are presented. The proposed analysis shows that it is possible to take advantage of the current-lines deflection and magnetoresistance effects in order to increase the sensitivity of a Split-Drain MAGFET. With a Split-Drain MAGFET with a channel considered as a short Hall plate, sensitivities up to 59%/T have been experimentally obtained measuring magnetic flux densities from 90 µT to 275 µT. This is possible due to the contribution of the two considered galvanomagnetic effects. Additionally, a SPICE macro model for a SplitDrain MAGFET is proposed to facilitate its use in more complex circuits. With respect to the obtained experimental results, the proposed SPICE macro model has an error <1.6 % generating the drain current imbalance. Since a Split-Drain MAGFET is compatible with CMOS technology, dominating in integrated circuits, the obtained results show that it is feasible to use it as magnetic sensor in CMOS integrated systems of high complexity, which opens a wide range of low cost applications. Keywords: MAGFET, split-drain MAGFET, galvanomagnetic effects, Hall effect, magnetoresistance, magnetic sensor.


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