scholarly journals Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganlin Huang ◽  
Rosie Brook ◽  
Monica Crippa ◽  
Greet Janssens-Maenhout ◽  
Christian Schieberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Species Groups

Abstract. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) include a large number of chemical species which differ significantly in their chemical characteristics and thus in their impacts on ozone and secondary organic aerosols formation. It is important that chemical transport models (CTMs) simulate the chemical transformation of the different NMVOC species in the troposphere consistently. In most emission inventories, however, only total NMVOC emissions are reported, which need to be decomposed into classes to fit the requirements of CTMs. For instance, the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) provides spatially resolved global anthropogenic emissions of total NMVOC. In this study the EDGAR NMVOC inventory was revised and extended in time and in sectors. Moreover the new version of NMVOC emission data in the EDGAR database were disaggregated on a high sector resolution to individual species or species groups, thus enhancing the usability of the NMVOC emission data by the modelling community. Region- and source-specific speciation profiles of NMVOC species or species groups, are compiled and mapped to EDGAR processes (high resolution of sectors), with corresponding quality codes specifying the quality of the mapping. Individual NMVOC species in different profiles are aggregated to 25 species groups, in line with the common classification of the Global Emissions Initiative (GEIA). Global annual grid maps with a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° for the period 1970–2012 are produced by sector and species. Furthermore, trends of NMVOC composition are analysed taking road transport and residential sources in Germany and the United Kingdom (UK) as examples.

scholarly journals Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 7683-7701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganlin Huang ◽  
Rosie Brook ◽  
Monica Crippa ◽  
Greet Janssens-Maenhout ◽  
Christian Schieberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Species Groups

Abstract. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) include a large number of chemical species which differ significantly in their chemical characteristics and thus in their impacts on ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation. It is important that chemical transport models (CTMs) simulate the chemical transformation of the different NMVOC species in the troposphere consistently. In most emission inventories, however, only total NMVOC emissions are reported, which need to be decomposed into classes to fit the requirements of CTMs. For instance, the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) provides spatially resolved global anthropogenic emissions of total NMVOCs. In this study the EDGAR NMVOC inventory was revised and extended in time and in sectors. Moreover the new version of NMVOC emission data in the EDGAR database were disaggregated on a detailed sector resolution to individual species or species groups, thus enhancing the usability of the NMVOC emission data by the modelling community. Region- and source-specific speciation profiles of NMVOC species or species groups are compiled and mapped to EDGAR processes (detailed resolution of sectors), with corresponding quality codes specifying the quality of the mapping. Individual NMVOC species in different profiles are aggregated to 25 species groups, in line with the common classification of the Global Emissions Initiative (GEIA). Global annual grid maps with a resolution of 0.1°  ×  0.1° for the period 1970–2012 are produced by sector and species. Furthermore, trends in NMVOC composition are analysed, taking road transport and residential sources in Germany and the United Kingdom (UK) as examples.

scholarly journals Mapping Asian anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds to multiple chemical mechanisms

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 32649-32701 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Li ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
D. G. Streets ◽  
K. B. He ◽  
Y. F. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Species Mapping ◽  
Multiple Chemical

Abstract. An accurate speciation mapping of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) emissions has an important impact on the performance of chemical transport models (CTMs) in simulating ozone mixing ratios and secondary organic aerosols. In this work, we developed an improved speciation framework to generate model-ready anthropogenic Asian NMVOC emissions for various gas-phase chemical mechanisms commonly used in CTMs by using an explicit assignment approach and updated NMVOC profiles, based on the total NMVOC emissions in the INTEX-B Asian inventory for the year 2006. NMVOC profiles were selected and aggregated from a wide range of new measurements and the SPECIATE database. To reduce potential uncertainty from individual measurements, composite profiles were developed by grouping and averaging source profiles from the same category. The fractions of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC) were corrected during the compositing process for those profiles which used improper sampling and analyzing methods. Emissions of individual species were then lumped into species in different chemical mechanisms used in CTMs by applying mechanism-dependent species mapping tables, which overcomes the weakness of inaccurate mapping in previous studies. Gridded emissions for eight chemical mechanisms are developed at 30 min × 30 min resolution using various spatial proxies and are provided through the website: http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006. Emission estimates for individual NMVOC species differ between one and three orders of magnitude for some species when different sets of profiles are used, indicating that source profile is the most important source of uncertainties of individual species emissions. However, those differences are diminished in lumped species as a result of the lumping in the chemical mechanisms.

Volatile Organic Compounds in the atmosphere of the Great Athens area: The case of a port site close to Piraeus, Greece

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Liakakou ◽  
Anastasia Panopoulou ◽  
Georgios Grivas ◽  
Stéphane Sauvage ◽  
Theodora Kritikou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Transport Ship ◽  
The Impact

<p>VOCs are key atmospheric constituents for both health and climate issues and further knowledge is still needed about their sources and fate. The presence of volatile organic compounds in ambient air is strongly dependent on the site characteristics and a harbor area undergoes many source typologies such as road transport, ship emissions and contaminants of commercial activities, the shipbuilding zone and other operating facilities. The current work was implemented at the recently established Atmospheric Pollution Monitoring Station of the Municipality of Keratsini-Drapetsona located in the close vicinity of the Piraeus port. Since December 2018 an automatic gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (FID) continuously monitors at a 30 minutes time resolution non methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) focusing on hazardous compounds (aromatics) and strong precursors (aromatics, monoterpenes) of secondary pollutants like ozone and secondary organic aerosols. High levels of benzene were observed, especially during the morning to noon period, and the mean concentration of both benzene and toluene were two-folded in summer (July and August 2019) compared to winter (January and February 2019). Ethylbenzene follows the same pattern, whereas xylenes presented comparable levels during the cold and warm periods. Preliminary results based on source apportionment techniques are presented. In general terms the NMHC levels present their maximum under the impact of low wind speed, addressing thus the role of local emission sources, which are further investigated by the ratios used as tracking tools of processes of different origin (e.g. the traffic related ratio of toluene/benzene).</p>

Snow - a photobiochemical exchange platform for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds with the atmosphere

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Ariya ◽  
F. Domine ◽  
G. Kos ◽  
M. Amyot ◽  
V. Côté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Volatile Organic

Environmental context Recent research has been directed towards the exchange of microorganisms and chemical compounds between snow and air. We investigate how microorganisms and chemical species in snow from the Arctic and temperate regions are transferred to the atmosphere and altered by the sun's energy. Results suggest that snow photo-biochemical reactions, in addition to physical‐chemical reactions, should be considered in describing organic matter in air–snow exchanges, and in investigations of climate change. AbstractField and laboratory studies of organic compounds in snow (12 species; concentrations ≤17 µg L–1) were conducted and microorganisms in snow and aerosols at urban and Arctic sites were investigated (snow: total bacteria count ≤40000 colony forming units per millilitre (CFU mL–1), fungi ≤400 CFU mL–1; air: bacteria ≤2.2 × 107 CFU m–3, fungi ≤84 CFU m–3). Bio-organic material is transferred between snow and air and influence on snow-air exchange processes is demonstrated. Volatile organic compounds in snow are released into the air upon melting. In vitro photochemistry indicated an increase of ≤60 µg L–1 for 1,3- and 1,4-dimethylbenzenes. Bacillus cereus was identified and observed in snow and air with ice-nucleating being P. syringae absent. As a result snow photobiochemical reactions should be considered in describing organic matter air–snow exchanges, and the investigation of climate change.

scholarly journals On the effects of hydrocarbon and sulphur-containing compounds on the CCN activation of combustion particles

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 2599-2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Petzold ◽  
M. Gysel ◽  
X. Vancassel ◽  
R. Hitzenberger ◽  
H. Puxbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Combustion Particles ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. The European PartEmis project (''Measurement and prediction of emissions of aerosols and gaseous precursors from gas turbine engines'') was focussed on the characterisation and quantification of exhaust emissions from a gas turbine engine. A comprehensive suite of aerosol, gas and chemi-ion measurements were conducted under different combustor operating conditions and fuel sulphur concentrations. Combustion aerosol characterisation included on-line measurements of mass and number concentration, size distribution, mixing state, thermal stability of internally mixed particles, hygroscopicity, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation potential, and off-line analysis of chemical composition. Modelling of CCN activation of combustion particles was conducted using microphysical and chemical properties obtained from the measurements as input data. Based on this unique data set, the role of sulphuric acid coatings on the combustion particles, formed in the cooling exhaust plume through either direct condensation of gaseous sulphuric acid or coagulation with volatile condensation particles nucleating from gaseous sulphuric acid, and the role of the organic fraction for the CCN activation of combustion particles was investigated. It was found that particles containing a large fraction of non-volatile organic compounds grow significantly less at high relative humidity than particles with a lower content of non-volatile OC. Also the effect of the non-volatile OC fraction on the potential CCN activation is significant. While a coating of water-soluble sulphuric acid increases the potential CCN activation, or lowers the activation diameter, respectively, the non-volatile organic compounds, mainly found at lower combustion temperatures, can partially compensate this sulphuric acid-related enhancement of CCN activation of carbonaceous combustion aerosol particles.

scholarly journals Missing OH reactivity in the global marine boundary layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 4013-4029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Thames ◽  
William H. Brune ◽  
David O. Miller ◽  
Hannah M. Allen ◽  
Eric C. Apel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH) reacts with thousands of chemical species in the atmosphere, initiating their removal and the chemical reaction sequences that produce ozone, secondary aerosols, and gas-phase acids. OH reactivity, which is the inverse of OH lifetime, influences the OH abundance and the ability of OH to cleanse the atmosphere. The NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) campaign used instruments on the NASA DC-8 aircraft to measure OH reactivity and more than 100 trace chemical species. ATom presented a unique opportunity to test the completeness of the OH reactivity calculated from the chemical species measurements by comparing it to the measured OH reactivity over two oceans across four seasons. Although the calculated OH reactivity was below the limit of detection for the ATom instrument used to measure OH reactivity throughout much of the free troposphere, the instrument was able to measure the OH reactivity in and just above the marine boundary layer. The mean measured value of OH reactivity in the marine boundary layer across all latitudes and all ATom deployments was 1.9 s−1, which is 0.5 s−1 larger than the mean calculated OH reactivity. The missing OH reactivity, the difference between the measured and calculated OH reactivity, varied between 0 and 3.5 s−1, with the highest values over the Northern Hemisphere Pacific Ocean. Correlations of missing OH reactivity with formaldehyde, dimethyl sulfide, butanal, and sea surface temperature suggest the presence of unmeasured or unknown volatile organic compounds or oxygenated volatile organic compounds associated with ocean emissions.

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