scholarly journals Adaptive cluster sampling based on ranked sets

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Chandra ◽  
Neeraj Tiwari ◽  
Hukum Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Adaptive Cluster Sampling ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Unequal Allocation ◽  
Pollution Concentrations ◽  
Better Than

In many surveys, characteristic of interest is sparsely distributed but highly aggregated; in such situations the adaptive cluster sampling is very useful. Examples of such populations can be found in fisheries, mineral investigations (unevenly distributed ore concentrations), animal and plant populations (rare and endangered species), pollution concentrations and hot spot investigations, and epidemiology of rare diseases. Ranked Set Sampling (RSS) is another useful technique for improving the estimates of mean and variance when the sampling units in a study can be more easily ranked than measured. Under equal and unequal allocation, RSS is found to be more precise than simple random sampling, as it contains information about each order statistics. This paper deal with the problem in which the value of the characteristic under study on the sampled places is low or negligible but the neighbourhoods of these places may have a few scattered pockets of the same. We proposed an adaptive cluster sampling theory based on ranked sets. Different estimators of the population mean are considered and the proposed design is demonstrated with the help of one simple example of small populations. The proposed procedure appears to perform better than the existing procedures of adaptive cluster sampling.

scholarly journals Saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) of the strictly protected area Bukowa Góra in the Roztoczański National Park

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
Magdalena Papis ◽  
Tomasz Mokrzycki
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Saproxylic Beetles ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Saproxylic Coleoptera

Abstract The aims of this study were to demonstrate the role of forests in the Roztoczański National Park as a refuge for rare and endangered saproxylic Coleoptera as well as recognition of entomological fauna related to dead wood. The study was conducted in the strictly protected are of Bukowa Góra from 20th April to 30th September 2012 and focused on the wood of beech and fir. We inventoried saproxylic beetles by means of nine ‘Netocia’ traps, which resulted in a total of 135 recorded species, of which 52 had not been reported in the park before. Twenty-one rare and endangered species were found. The high number of new species in the Roztoczański National Park indicates a high biodiversity value of the area. Our studies therefore show that the strictly protected area of Bukowa Góra is a biodiversity hot spot of saproxylic Coleoptera.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Adaptive Cluster Sampling for Estimating Plant Disease Incidence

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Ojiambo ◽  
H. Scherm
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Adaptive Cluster Sampling ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Minimum Number

Conventional sampling designs such as simple random sampling (SRS) tend to be inefficient when assessing rare and highly clustered populations because most of the time is spent evaluating empty quadrats, leading to high error variances and high cost. In previous studies with rare plant and animal populations, adaptive cluster sampling, where sampling occurs preferentially in the neighborhood of quadrats in which the species of interest is detected during the sampling bout, has been shown to estimate population parameters with greater precision at an effort comparable to SRS. Here, we use computer simulations to evaluate the efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling for estimating low levels of disease incidence (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0%) at various levels of aggregation of infected plants having variance-to-mean ratios (V/M) of ≈1, 3, 5, and 10. For each simulation, an initial sample size of 50, 100, and 150 quadrats was evaluated, and the condition to adapt neighborhood sampling (CA), i.e., the minimum number of infected plants per quadrat that triggers a switch from random sampling to sampling in neighboring quadrats, was varied from 1 to 4 (corresponding to 7.7 to 30.8% incidence of infected plants per quadrat). The simulations showed that cluster sampling was consistently more precise than SRS at a field-level disease incidence of 0.1 and 0.5%, especially when diseased plants were highly aggregated (V/M = 5 or 10) and when the most liberal condition to adapt (CA = 1) was used. One drawback of adaptive cluster sampling is that the final sample size is unknown at the beginning of the sampling bout because it depends on how often neighborhood sampling is triggered. In our simulations, the final sample size was close to the initial sample size for disease incidence up to 1.0%, especially when a more conservative condition to adapt (CA > 1) was used. For these conditions, the effect of disease aggregation was minor. In summary, both precision and the sample size required with adaptive cluster sampling responded similarly to disease incidence and aggregation, i.e., both were most favorable at the lowest disease incidence with the highest levels of clustering. However, whereas relative precision was optimized with the most liberal condition to adapt, the ratio of final to initial sample size was best for more conservative CA values, indicating a tradeoff. In our simulations, precision and final sample size were both simultaneously favorable for disease incidence of up to 1.0%, but only when infected plants were most aggregated (V/M = 10).

scholarly journals  Efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling and traditional sampling for coastal mangrove in Hainan of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lei ◽  
J. Shi ◽  
T. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Density Estimator ◽  
Adaptive Cluster Sampling ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Initial Sampling

Based on two species of Coastal Mangrove in Hainan of China, Sonneratia Apetala Buch-Ham and Sonneratia caseoli, we estimated the density of the two species to evaluate the efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling (ACS), simple random sampling (SRS) and traditional systematic sampling (SYS). Our initial experimental designs for ACS consisted of 5 unit areas, 6 initial sampling proportions, 4 initial sample sizes and 5 criterion values in 1,000&nbsp;repetitions. From the aspect of factors influencing efficiency, we analysed the efficiency of ACS in various designs. We also compared the efficiencies of the three methods on the indexes of the relative error, the variance of density estimator and the relative sampling efficiencies. We found that ACS yielded smaller variance than the traditional sampling methods. ACS was a powerful sampling method when a population was spatially aggregated. We also determined the optimum unit area for the two species studied using the two estimators (HT and HH) of adaptive cluster sampling. They were 20&nbsp;m<sup>2 </sup>(2 &times; 10 m), 15 m<sup>2 </sup>(3 &times; 5 m) for S. Apetala Buch-Ham and 25 m<sup>2 </sup>(5 &times; 5 m), 15 m<sup>2 </sup>(3 &times; 5 m) for S. caseolari, respectively.

scholarly journals Two stage adaptive cluster sampling based on ordered statistics

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Chandra ◽  
Neeraj Tiwari ◽  
Raman Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Adaptive Cluster Sampling ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Ordered Statistics

The estimation problem on sparsely distributed populations using adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) is discussed. In the first phase of ACS, two stage sampling is used in which primary and secondary sampling units are selected using simple random sampling without replacement. The idea of Thompson (1996) is introduced in order to choose an appropriate fixed value of pre-specified condition, which might represent the number of rare species, before conducting the survey by the use of order statistics. Different estimators of the population mean under the two possible schemes (open and closed boundaries of primary sampling units) are studied and the Rao-Blackwell theorem for improving these estimators is also used. Numerical illustrations, one on real life data and the other based on simulation study, are discussed for these two schemes. This design may be quite useful in environmental, forestry and other areas of research dealing with rare, endangered or threatened species.

k-step adaptive cluster sampling with Horvitz–Thompson estimator

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850029
Author(s):  
Guangyu Zhu ◽  
Liyong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Adaptive Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
One Step ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Variance Estimate ◽  
Variance Estimates

Adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) has been widely used for data collection of environment and natural resources. However, the randomness of its final sample size often impedes the use of this method. To control the final sample sizes, in this study, a [Formula: see text]-step ACS based on Horvitz–Thompson (HT) estimator was developed and an unbiased estimator was derived. The [Formula: see text]-step ACS-HT was assessed first using a simulated example and then using a real survey for numbers of plants for three species that were characterized by clustered and patchily spatial distributions. The effectiveness of this sampling design method was assessed in comparison with ACS Hansen–Hurwitz (ACS-HH) and ACS-HT estimators, and [Formula: see text]-step ACS-HT estimator. The effectiveness of using different [Formula: see text]-step sizes was also compared. The results showed that [Formula: see text]-step ACS-HT estimator was most effective and ACS-HH was the least. Moreover, stable sample mean and variance estimates could be obtained after a certain number of steps, but depending on plant species. [Formula: see text]-step ACS without replacement was slightly more effective than that with replacement. In [Formula: see text]-step ACS, the variance estimate of one-step ACS is much larger than other [Formula: see text]-step ACS ([Formula: see text]), but it is smaller than ACS. This implies that [Formula: see text]-step ACS is more effective than traditional ACS, besides, the final sample size can be controlled easily in population with big clusters.

Cryobanking of Amphibian Genetic Recourses in Russia: Past and Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Victor K. Uteshev ◽  
Edith N. Gakhova ◽  
Ludmila I. Kramarova ◽  
Natalia V. Shishova ◽  
Svetlana A. Kaurova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Cell Biophysics ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In modern biology, a search for efficient and safe ways of long-term storage of animal genomes is vital for the survival of rare and endangered species. To date, the only reliable method of prolonging the preservation of genome is deep freezing of somatic and reproductive cells, including spermatozoa. Here we overview the current state of reproductive technologies and present the cryopresevation strategies of genetic material of selected amphibian species. These strategies were developed at the Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia. Cryopreservation could help managing the threatened populations of amphibian species through genome storage and mediate the production of healthy animals from the stored material.

ЗУБРЫ НА СЕВЕРЕ РОССИИ — НАСТОЯЩЕЕ И БУДУЩЕЕ

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
I.V. GUSAROV ◽  
V.A. OSTAPENKO ◽  
T.V. NOVIKOVА
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Впервые в мире создана популяция зубров на территории 60 градусов северной широты. В новых климатических условиях разведения и сохранения зубров определены и проанализированы факторы существования вида на севере Европейской части РФ. Выявлены признаки, динамика численности, которые являются составной частью системы, предназначенной для управления биоразнообразием. Интродукция, являясь процессом введения в экосистему нехарактерных для нее видов, может усиливать изменения биоценозов как положительно, так и отрицательно. Насколько быстро и успешно проходит процесс адаптации заселенного вида, и усматривается его влияние на окружающую среду зависит дальнейшее существование зубров и в целом биоразнообразия. В статье обсуждаются вопросы взаимоотношения зубров с другими видами копытных и хозяйственной деятельностью человека, а также дальнейшим использованием зубров в сельскохозяйственном производстве. Пластичность зубров, выявление изменений и их анализ при вселении видов в новые условия обитания необходимы не только для определения развития или деградации биоценозов и в целом экосистемы, но и прогноза социально-экономических последствий интродукции как одного из методов сохранения редких и исчезающих видов фауны.For the first time in the world, a bison population has been created in an area of 60 degrees north latitude. In the new climatic conditions of breeding and preservation of bison, the factors of the species existence in the north of the European part of the Russian Federation are identified and analyzed. The signs, dynamics of abundance, which are an integral part of the system designed to manage biodiversity are identified, since the preservation of biological diversity on the planet is one of the main problems of our time. Introduction, being the process of introducing non-typical species into an ecosystem, can enhance changes in biocenoses, both positively and negatively. The question posing sounds especially when it comes to such a large hoofed animal as the European bison. How quickly and successfully the process of adaptation of the universe takes place and its environmental impact is seen depends on the continued existence of bison and biodiversity in general. The article discusses the relationship of bison with other types of ungulates and human activities, as well as the further use of bison in agricultural production. How these issues will be resolved positively depends on the future of these animals. Thus, the plasticity of bison, the identification of changes and their analysis, with the introduction of species into new habitat conditions is necessary not only to determine the development or degradation of biocenoses and the ecosystem as a whole, but also to predict the socio-economic consequences due to the introduction as one of the methods of preserving rare and endangered species of fauna.

Genetic diversity and genetic structure of the rare and endangered species, Primula ranunculoides

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-609
Author(s):  
Wang Deyun ◽  
Peng Jie ◽  
Chen Yajing ◽  
Lü Guosheng ◽  
Zhang Xiaoping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered

Geoecological analysis of the Russian Federation regions representation in the state program “Environmental Protection”

2020 ◽  
Vol 957 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
E.A. Kravets
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
State Program ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
The Russian Federation

The author offers mapping and geoecological analysis of the Russian Federation regions presence in the state program “Environmental Protection”. The unequal distribution of the program’s targets and activities in different regions is revealed. A considerable number of relevant environmental problems for several mentioned regions have not been reflected in the program. It is important to increase the area of specially protected natural areas for a significant number of subjects of the Russian Federation. The status “part of the territory occupied by specially protected natural territories of Federal value in the total area of the subject of the Russian Federation” is recommended to be assigned all regions of Russia. Identification and elimination of objects of accumulated environmental damage that threat to the Volga river is relevant, at least for all the regions in which the Volga flows. Not all regions with a high level of air pollution and/or large masses of air pollutants have the indicator “reduction of total emissions for the reporting year”. It is necessary to increase the Program of measures for the protection of rare and endangered species of plants and to expand the list of regions in which it is planned to protect rare and endangered species of animals.

scholarly journals Research on a Biodiversity Conservation Value Assessment Method Based on Habitat Suitability of Species: A Case Study in Gansu Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3007
Author(s):  
Xiaojiong Zhao ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Junde Su ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Haoxian Meng
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered

Quantitative assessment and evaluation of ecological parameters and biodiversity conservation are prime concerns for long-term conservation of rare and endangered species and their associated habitats in any ecological region. In this study, Gansu Province, a biodiversity hotspot, was chosen as the research area. We predicted the distribution patterns of suitable habitats for rare and endangered species. The replacement cost method was adopted to calculate the conservation value of rare and endangered species. The suitable habitat distribution area of rare and endangered wild animals reached 351,607.76 km2 (without overlapping area), while that of plants reached 72,988.12 km2 (without overlapping area). The conservation value of rare and endangered wildlife is US $1670.00 million. The high-value areas are mostly concentrated in the south and north of Gansu Province. The conservation value of rare and endangered wild plants is US $56,920.00 million. The high-value areas are mostly concentrated south of Gansu Province. The conservation value is US $58,590.00 million a year, and its distribution trend is gradually decreasing from northeast to southwest, with the highest in the forest area south of Gansu Province, followed by the Qilian Mountain area in the north. These results are of great significance for future improvement of the evaluation index system of ecosystem services and the development of ecosystem services and management strategies.

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