Potential Role of Darvyadi Kwatha in the Management of Diabetes

The Healer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Shankar Gautam ◽  
Abhishek Upadhyay ◽  
Rashmi Mutha ◽  
BINOD KUMAR SINGH ◽  
Ram Kishor Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Diabetes is a clinical condition characterized by a spike in blood glucose in plasma. It is one of the 21st century's greatest public health crises and is among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Although new drugs and therapeutics are emerging for its management but the prevalence is increasing at an alarming pace; thus, every system must contribute for effective management. An effort is made to review the efficacy and safety evaluation of the individual herbs of Darvyadi Kwatha (DK), an Ayurvedic formulation mentioned in Charaka Samhita. The constituents of the DK has some strong efficient antidiabetic/hypoglycaemic chemical principle having insulin-triggering and insulin-like behaviors which increases the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glucokinase and decreases glucose-6-phosphatase activity, reduce oxidative stress and prevention of glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity play a critical role in glucose homeostasis. DK also improve biochemical parameters such as SGPT, SGOT, cholesterol and triglycerides and is found to be safe in animal experiments. The various evidences clearly indicates that DK has definite hypoglycemic potential as well as anti-diabetic activity.

PREY PREFERENCES OF ADULT AND IMMATURE ZETZELLIA MALI EWING (ACARI: STIGMAEIDAE) AND TYPHLODROMUS CAUDIGLANS SCHUSTER (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE)

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Clements ◽  
Rudolf Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Prey Preferences ◽  
Eriophyid Mites

Effective management of the interactions within the mite community is critical to biological control of economically damaging phytophagous mites such as Panonychus ulmi Koch (Tetranychidae) (Clements and Harmsen 1990). Although much is known about the potential role of phytoseiid mites in controlling P. ulmi (Dover et al. 1979), mites from at least seven other families may be present in apple orchards (Thistlewood 1991). Stigmaeid mites are predators which may play a beneficial role in biological control in conjunction with phytoseiids (Clements and Harmsen 1992). Eriophyid mites are phytophagous but seldom cause economic damage, and may compete with tetranychids and provide alternative food for predators of tetranychids (Croft and Hoying 1977).

scholarly journals OX40L/OX40 Signal Promotes IL-9 Production by Mucosal MAIT Cells During Helicobacter pylori Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqi Ming ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Zibin Liang ◽  
Chunna Li ◽  
Jianzhong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mait Cells ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Mait Cell

Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play a critical role in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastritis by promoting mucosal inflammation and aggravating mucosal injuries (1, 2). However, the underlying mechanism and key molecules involved are still uncertain. Here we identified OX40, a co-stimulatory molecule mainly expressed on T cells, as a critical regulator to promote proliferation and IL-9 production by MAIT cells and facilitate mucosal inflammation in H. pylori-positive gastritis patients. Serum examination revealed an increased level of IL-9 in gastritis patients. Meanwhile, OX40 expression was increased in mucosal MAIT cells, and its ligand OX40L was also up-regulated in mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) of gastritis patients, compared with healthy controls. Further results demonstrated that activation of the OX40/OX40L pathway promoted IL-9 production by MAIT cells, and MAIT cells displayed a highly-activated phenotype after the cross-linking of OX40 and OX40L. Moreover, the level of IL-9 produced by MAIT cells was positively correlated with inflammatory indexes in the gastric mucosa, suggesting the potential role of IL-9-producing MAIT cells in mucosal inflammation. Taken together, we elucidated that OX40/OX40L axis promoted mucosal MAIT cell proliferation and IL-9 production in H. pylori-induced gastritis, which may provide potential targeting strategies for gastritis treatment.

scholarly journals MicroRNA in Pancreatic Cancer: From Biology to Therapeutic Potential

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawat ◽  
Kadian ◽  
Gupta ◽  
Kumar ◽  
Chain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Conclusion Section

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, accounting for more than 45,750 deaths annually in the U.S. alone. The aggressive nature and late diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, coupled with the limitations of existing chemotherapy, present the pressing need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Recent reports have demonstrated a critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Furthermore, aberrant expressions of miRNAs have often been associated with the cause and consequence of pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the possible use of miRNAs in the effective management of pancreatic cancer patients. In this review, we provide a brief overview of miRNA biogenesis and its role in fundamental cellular process and miRNA studies in pancreatic cancer patients and animal models. Subsequent sections narrate the role of miRNA in, (i) cell cycle and proliferation; (ii) apoptosis; (iii) invasions and metastasis; and (iv) various cellular signaling pathways. We also describe the role of miRNA’s in pancreatic cancer; (i) diagnosis; (ii) prognosis and (iii) therapeutic intervention. Conclusion section describes the gist of review with future directions.

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Individual Pillboxes to Control Cross-Contamination in the Drug Circuit in Hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3878
Author(s):  
Dussart Claude ◽  
Boulliat Caroline ◽  
Camal Isabelle ◽  
Bourgeois Denis ◽  
Carrouel Florence
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Military

This study aims to evaluate the potential role of pillboxes used for the preparation and delivery of individual daily medical treatments in the drug circuit of the Military Instruction Hospital (France) as reservoirs of bacterial contaminants. Samples were obtained from 32 pillboxes after decontamination (T1), after preparation in the pharmacy (T2), after use in two different medical units (T3), and again after usual mechanical washing (T4). Qualitative (identification and antibiotic susceptibility) and quantitative (contamination rate and number of colony forming units—CFUs) bacteriological tests were performed. Susceptible and resistant strains of environmental saprophytes were identified. The pillbox contamination rate was relatively low at T1 (13%). It was significantly increased at T2 (63%, p = 0.001 vs. T1), again at T3 (88%, p < 0.05 vs. T2, p < 0.001 vs. T1), and finally decreased dramatically at T4 (31%, p < 0.001 vs. T3, p > 0.05 vs. T1). The number of CFUs was significantly increased at T2 compared with that of T1 (36.7 ± 13.4 and 5.36 ± 3.64, respectively, p < 0.001) and again at T3 (84.4 ± 19.4, p < 0.001 vs. T1 and T2) and was significantly reduced at T4 (7.0 ± 2.0 vs. T3, p < 0.001) to a level that was not significantly different from that at T1. So, the use of pillboxes to deliver individual medications to patients in the hospital is a potential risk factor for bacterial cross-contamination.

scholarly journals The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Human Atherosclerosis, Plaque Neoangiogenesis, and Atherothrombosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Moroni ◽  
Enrico Ammirati ◽  
Giuseppe Danilo Norata ◽  
Marco Magnoni ◽  
Paolo G. Camici
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Human Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. It is a complex disease characterized by lipid accumulation within the arterial wall, inflammation, local neoangiogenesis, and apoptosis. Innate immune effectors, in particular monocytes and macrophages, play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis initiation and progression. Although most of available evidence on the role of monocytes and macrophages in atherosclerosis is derived from animal studies, a growing body of evidence elucidating the role of these mononuclear cell subtypes in human atherosclerosis is currently accumulating. A novel pathogenic role of monocytes and macrophages in terms of atherosclerosis initiation and progression, in particular concerning the role of these cell subsets in neovascularization, has been discovered. The aim of the present article is to review currently available evidence on the role of monocytes and macrophages in human atherosclerosis and in relation to plaque characteristics, such as plaque neoangiogenesis, and patients’ prognosis and their potential role as biomarkers.

scholarly journals The potential role for sphingolipids in neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Alessenko
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
The Brain

The review discusses the functional role of sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Certain evidence exist that the imbalance of sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin, ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and galactosylceramide in the brain of animals and humans, in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease play a crucial role in neuronal function by regulating growth, differentiation and cell death in CNS. Activation of sphingomyelinase, which leads to the accumulation of the proapoptotic agent, ceramide, can be considered as a new mechanism for AD and may be a prerequisite for the treatment of this disease by using drugs that inhibit sphingomyelinase activity. The role of sphingolipids as biomarkers for the diagnosis of the early stage of Alzheimer's disease and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment with new drugs is discussed.

scholarly journals Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Carcinogenic Effect of Nuclear Respiratory Factor-1 (NRF1) in Human Tumors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Yaodan Chang ◽  
Jiahui Sun ◽  
Yanping Sun ◽  
Chunjuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Nuclear Respiratory Factor ◽  
Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 ◽  
Pan Cancer ◽  
Pathogenic Effects

Abstract Despite there are many cellular or animal experiments that support a link between NRF1 and cancer, there is currently no pan-cancer analysis available. Therefore, the source of data is TCGA and GEO, we explored the potential role of NRF1 in 33 kinds of tumors. The expression of NRF1 is significantly increased in most tumors, and the expression of NRF1 is correlated to the prognosis of tumor patients. We discovered that the expression level of NRF1 in PAAD was correlated to immune infiltration. The methylation of NRF1 increased significantly in KIRC, PAAD, ACC. In addition, RNA metabolic pathway or cell biology-related functions participate in the functional mechanism of NRF1.Our research provides a comprehensive explanation of the pathogenic effects of NRF1 in related tumors.

scholarly journals Current and Emerging Strategies for Prediction and Diagnosis of Prelabour Rupture of the Membranes: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Saadia Ghafoor
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Foetal Membranes ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

Prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM) refers to the disruption of foetal membranes before the onset of labour, resulting in the leakage of amniotic fluid. PROM complicates 3% and 8% of preterm and term pregnancies, respectively. Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for effective management to prevent adverse maternal- and foetal-outcomes. The diagnosis of equivocal PROM cases with traditional methods often becomes challenging in current obstetrics practice; therefore, various novel biochemical markers have emerged as promising diagnostic tools. This narrative review is sought to review the published data to understand the current and emerging trends in diagnostic modalities in term and preterm pregnancies complicated with PROM and the potential role of various markers for predicting preterm PROM (pPROM) and chorioamnionitis in women with pPROM.

scholarly journals The Presence and Potential Role of ALDH1A2 in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2485
Author(s):  
Stephanie Sanders ◽  
Denise M. Herpai ◽  
Analiz Rodriguez ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Jeff Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Diffuse Infiltration ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
The Brain

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant glioma. Therapeutic targeting of GBM is made more difficult due to its heterogeneity, resistance to treatment, and diffuse infiltration into the brain parenchyma. Better understanding of the tumor microenvironment should aid in finding more effective management of GBM. GBM-associated macrophages (GAM) comprise up to 30% of the GBM microenvironment. Therefore, exploration of GAM activity/function and their specific markers are important for developing new therapeutic agents. In this study, we identified and evaluated the expression of ALDH1A2 in the GBM microenvironment, and especially in M2 GAM, though it is also expressed in reactive astrocytes and multinucleated tumor cells. We demonstrated that M2 GAM highly express ALDH1A2 when compared to other ALDH1 family proteins. Additionally, GBM samples showed higher expression of ALDH1A2 when compared to low-grade gliomas (LGG), and this expression was increased upon tumor recurrence both at the gene and protein levels. We demonstrated that the enzymatic product of ALDH1A2, retinoic acid (RA), modulated the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in macrophages, but not in GBM tumor cells. Thus, the expression of ALDH1A2 may promote the progressive phenotype of GBM.

PtdIns5P: a little phosphoinositide with big functions?

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Coronas ◽  
Damien Ramel ◽  
Caroline Pendaries ◽  
Frédérique Gaits-Iacovoni ◽  
Hélène Tronchère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Regulation ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Minor Constituents ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Phosphoinositides are minor constituents of cell membranes playing a critical role in the regulation of many cellular functions. Recent discoveries indicate that mutations in several phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases generate imbalances in the levels of phosphoinositides, thereby leading to the development of human diseases. Although the roles of phosphoinositide 3-kinase products and PtdIns(4,5)P2 were largely studied these last years, the potential role of phosphatidylinositol monophosphates as direct signalling molecules is just emerging. PtdIns5P, the least characterized phosphoinositide, appears to be a new player in cell regulation. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms of synthesis and degradation of PtdIns5P as well as its potential roles.

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