scholarly journals Binomial nomenclature and its relation to nomenclature of medicinal plants in Classical literatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
BD Patel ◽  
A Upadhayaya ◽  
NN Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis ◽  
Close Observation

Background: Practice of Ayurveda nomenclature (Nāmākaranam) of dravyas (Medicinal Plants) in Ayurveda traces back to the Vedic periods which is supposed to be 5000 B.C. In Vedas, plants were named after mythological belief, structure of plant’s part resembling with part of birds and animals, or rituals uses, uddabhava sthana (Habitat), svarūpa (morphological characters), karma (Pharmacological action), etc. It got scientific basis in samhitas period and named more than thousand dravyas by close observation of morphological characters, habit and habitat, and therapeutic uses. However, it states that basis of Nāmākaranam of dravyas was elaborated in Nighantus and enriched with more terminologies, and hence it is known as parayāyas (synonyms). Recently, Bentham & Hooker’s binomial nomenclature has been practiced in Ayurveda so that uniformity of Dravyas names can be maintained and accepted worldwide. Aim and objective: The main objective of this review is to explore methodology of Nāmākaranam in Vedas, samhitas and Nighantus and its relationship with binomial nomenclature. Material and method: Ayurvedic literatures and surfing web was main sources of gathering information related to names of plants. Results: Nāmākaranam of plants was found to be based on scientific evidences that describe morphological features, habit and habitat, therapeutic indications, and physical and chemical properties, doctrine of signature, source of raw materials for industries or home made products, etc. For instance, the name catuḥsira for asthisamharī coined in śabdacandrikā suggests its quadrangular stem on which the Latin name Cissus quadrangularis Linn. has been accepted. Some more names can be suggested like Bahusutā (Asparagus racemosa Linn.), Raktāngi (Rubia cordifolia), Sthirasāra (Tectona grandis), Gudatvak (Cinnamomum tamala), Visākha (Boerhaavia diffusa), etc. On the basis of above examples, it can be revealed that binomial nomenclature is improved ones of Ayurveda nomenclature for its acceptance worldwide. Conclusion: Names of plants mentioned in Vedas and Samhitas; and parayāyas in Nighantus are based on its udabhava, svarūpa, karma, sādharma, ruḍhī, svabhāva, lokopayoga, etc. Which are also considered by Bentham & Hooker’s binomial nomenclature to coin scientific name of plant species.

scholarly journals An Important Indian Traditional Drug of Ayurveda Jatamansi and Its Substitute Bhootkeshi: Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madan Mohan Pandey ◽  
Antariksha Katara ◽  
Garima Pandey ◽  
Subha Rastogi ◽  
A. K. S. Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Traditional Drug ◽  
Phenolic Profiles

Nardostachys jatamansiDC. andSelinum vaginatum(Edgew) Cl. are two endemic high altitude Indian medicinal plants that have been traditionally known as “Jatamansi” and “Bhootkeshi,” respectively. These are used in various traditional herbal formulations and nutraceuticals, as well as to treat neurological disorders like epilepsy, hysteria, syncope, convulsions, and mental weakness. They resemble each other in their external morphological characters and characteristic odour, so their roots are often confused with each other. Since free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a considerable range of neurological disorders, including seizures and epilepsy, analysis of these two important medicinal plants was carried out based on their antioxidant activities and phenolic profiles.N. jatamansiexpressed better antioxidant activity with both DPPH and TAC methods. Strong correlation was seen between TPC and antioxidant activities. Phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, and syringic acid were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in the methanol extracts ofN. jatamansiandS. vaginatumby HPLC.N. jatamansiwas found to contain only protocatechuic and syringic acids while chlorogenic and ferulic acids were present only inS. vaginatum. The studies suggest that both of the plants exhibit distinctive properties and that their similar therapeutic uses may be dependent on synergistic effects exhibited by the different compounds present in them.

Diesel Biofuels - Preparation, Characterization and Testing

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Dusescu ◽  
Anca Borcea ◽  
Vasile Matei ◽  
Ion Popa ◽  
Irina Gabriela Radulescu
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The present paper studies biodiesel samples preparation by transesterification and compares their physical and chemical properties (biofuels prepared from different raw materials - vegetable oils: sunflower oil, crocus oil and soya bean oil) and the biodegradability degree, as well as the possibilities of the integration of such production unit in industrial diagram of auto fuels production.

Anthocyanins: Chemical Properties and Health Benefits: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siraj Salman Mohammad ◽  
Renata Oliveira Santos ◽  
Maria Ivone Barbosa ◽  
José Lucena Barbosa Junior
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Food Processes ◽  
Shed Light

: Anthocyanins are widely spread in different kinds of food, especially fruits and floral tissues, there is an extensive range of anthocyanin compounds reach more than 600 exist in nature. Anthocyanins can be used as antioxidants and raw material for several applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, a plenty of studies about anthocyanins sources and extraction methods were reported. Furthermore, many studies about their stability, bioactive and therapeutic properties have been done. According to the body of work, we firstly worked to shed light on anthocyanin properties including chemical, antioxidant and extraction properties. Secondly, we reported the applications and health benefits of anthocyanin including the applications in food processes and anthocyanin characteristics as therapeutic and prophylactic compounds. We reviewed anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fatness, oxidative Stress and lipid decreasing and vasoprotective effects of anthocyanins. In conclusion, because the importance of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds the research is still continuing to find new anthocyanins from natural sources and invest them as raw materials in the pharmaceutical and nutrition applications.

scholarly journals Eco-Compatible Construction Materials Containing Ceramic Sludge and Packaging Glass Cullet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3545
Author(s):  
Fernanda Andreola ◽  
Isabella Lancellotti ◽  
Paolo Pozzi ◽  
Luisa Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Glass Cullet ◽  
Commercial Glass ◽  
Packaging Glass ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This research reports results of eco-compatible building material obtained without natural raw materials. A mixture of sludge from a ceramic wastewater treatment plant and glass cullet from the urban collection was used to obtain high sintered products suitable to be used as covering floor/wall tiles in buildings. The fired samples were tested by water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent density, and mechanical and chemical properties. Satisfactory results were achieved from densification properties and SEM/XRD analyses showed a compact polycrystalline microstructure with albite and wollastonite embedded in the glassy phase, similar to other commercial glass-ceramics. Besides, the products were obtained with a reduction of 200 °C with respect to the firing temperatures of commercial ones. Additionally, the realized materials were undergone to leaching test following Italian regulation to evaluate the mobility of hazardous ions present into the sludge. The data obtained verified that after thermal treatment the heavy metals were immobilized into the ceramic matrix without further environmental impact for the product use. The results of the research confirm that this valorization of matter using only residues produces glass ceramics high sintered suitable to be used as tile with technological properties similar or higher than commercial ones.

scholarly journals Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ash as a Filler for Discontinuous Grading Bituminous Mixtures with Bitumen Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3334
Author(s):  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Energy consumption, because of population development, is progressively increasing. For this reason, new sources of energy are being developed, such as that produced from the combustion of biomass. However, this type of renewable energy has one main disadvantage, the production of waste. Biomass bottom ash is a residue of this industry that currently has not much use. For this reason, this research evaluates its use as a filler in bituminous mixtures, since this sector also has a significant impact on the environment, as it requires large quantities of raw materials. With this objective, first, the physical and chemical properties of biomass bottom ashes were evaluated, verifying their characteristics for their use as filler. Subsequently, bituminous mixtures were conformed with biomass bottom ash as filler, and their physical and mechanical properties were analyzed through particle loss and Marshall tests. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained with the same type of mixture but with conventional and ophite aggregates. This study confirmed that biomass bottom ash was viable for use as a filler, creating mixtures with a higher percentage of bitumen, better mechanical behavior, and similar physical properties. In short, more sustainable material for roads was obtained with waste currently condemned to landfill.

A Survey on Therapeutic Uses of Bark Drugs Obtained from Tree Species Found in Madhya Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Dinesh Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Therapeutic Uses

Madhya Pradesh is known to harbour a rich wealth of medicinal plants. An attempt has been made to prepare a detailed account on therapeutic uses of bark drug obtained from tree species found in Madhya Pradesh State. The paper deals with the 72 barks of tree species of probable medicinal potential, belonging to 56 genera and 33 families. The information has been gathered from available literature on medicinal plants and field surveys.

scholarly journals ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE PROVINCE OF SIDI KACEM, MOROCCO

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouzia Rhazi Filali ◽  
Fatima-zahra Ennacirie ◽  
Abdelilah Rahou
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Traditional Therapy

ABSTRACTAn ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants was carried in the province of Sidi Kacem (Morocco), whose objective is to make an inventory of medicinalplants used in traditional therapy against respiratory, digestive, and cutaneous infections; also to describe their mode of use practiced by the localpopulation. The tool of the study was a questionnaire completed by 200 citizens of four investigated areas, determined by the stratified samplingtechniques, 40% practiced phytotherapy. The survey consists of a section on the informant, and another is interested in plants used by the population.The analysis of information has established a catalog of 73 species identified with their use of frequencies, partly used and the method of preparation.They belong to 39 families; the most dominant are Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae. The leaves are the most used part in decoction to treat thethree types of infection mentioned above. These results allow us to create a database about this region’s plants characteristic. They will be useful toestablish further studies on their chemical properties and biological activities.Keywords: Province of Sidi Kacem (Morocco), Phytotherapy, Ethnobotanical survey, Infections, Catalogue of plants.

scholarly journals Prospects Of Using Walnut In Technologies Of Drinks

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Inna Tiurikova ◽  
Mykhailo Peresichnyi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract The results of studies in the field of beverage functionality using walnut are presented. The main components such as celery, Jerusalem artichokes, carrots, pumpkin and rhubarb, as a dietary supplement - extracts from walnut of milk-maturity stage are offered for creating blends. The basic physical and chemical properties of fruit and vegetable raw materials and semi-finished products created on the base of them have been studied, and their nutritional and biological value has been proved. Rational technologies of fruit and vegetable blends with nut additives have been identified. Their biological value has been confirmed. Drinks are recommended for use in the daily diet of human beings to satisfy thirst and enrich the body by biologically valuable components.

scholarly journals Study on domestic market of medicinal products of plant origin

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
V. M. Minarchenko ◽  
A. Yu. Butko
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
Active Substances

The popularity of herbal remedies and medicines, with the participation of biologically active substances from plants is traditionally high. The annual increase of the domestic market for herbal remedies is due to the preservation and modernization of production capacities for processing of medicinal vegetative raw materials in Ukraine, introduction of modern scientific developments, a large natural resource base of medicinal plants and attracting investments in the development of this industry. The aim of our work was the study of the domestic market of medicines of plant origin, which includes herbal remedies, substances and preparations with the participation of biologically active substances from plants. The object of the study was domestic medicines of plant origin that are registered in Ukraine for 2012–2017. The study used the analytical, statistical methods, and the results of its own resource studies of medicinal plants. Phytopharmaceutical market of Ukraine is actively developing due to the attraction of new types of medicinal plants and expanding the range of medicines. The number of domestic drugs with the participation of biologically active substances from plants has increased by 17.4% compared with 2014. It is established that as of 1 January 2017 in Ukraine was 1 141 the form of medicinal drugs of plant origin. Of them: 645 – domestic products, 496 – foreign. Most of the herbal drugs in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine are made from wild and cultivated domestic raw materials.

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