scholarly journals Occupational Mobility at Migration - Evidence from Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikolaj Stanek ◽  
Alberto Veira Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Using Data ◽  
First Job ◽  
Insight Into

This article provides insight into the determinants of occupational mobility recorded for immigrants between their last job in the region of origin and their first job in Spain. Multinomial and bivariate logistic regression models are applied to identify the strongest predictors of upward and downward mobility when immigrants move from one country's labour market to another. This study's empirical analysis was carried out using data from the Spanish National Immigrant Survey of 2007. Our results show that ethnic segmentation in the Spanish labour market negatively affects the occupational mobility of immigrants. Secondly, we observe that non EU15 immigrants are at higher risk of downward mobility. Thirdly, higher levels of education offer protection against downward mobility and increase the chance for upgrading. Finally, contrary to our predictions, social capital embedded in support received from friends and relatives who reside in the destination country increases the risk of occupational downgrading and reduces the possibility of upward mobility.

scholarly journals The Role of Marriage and Military Service on Reoffending: Race, “The Respectability Package,” and the Desistance Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-125
Author(s):  
Wendi L. Johnson ◽  
Peggy C. Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Military Involvement ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Volunteer Force

We build on prior research examining military involvement and criminal involvement by investigating the importance of acquiring the more complete “respectability package” that includes marriage as well as military experience and variations among White and Black respondents. Using data from Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n = 5,801), analyses use logistic regression models to assess associations of military service, marriage, and race with odds of reoffending among White and Black young adults who reported offending at Wave I. Military involvement was associated with lower odds of offending for Black respondents only, while marriage was associated with decreased odds of reoffending across both groups. Among Black respondents, analyses also highlighted the importance of acquiring both components of the respectability package (military service and marriage) in the context of today’s all-volunteer force in reducing criminal involvement.

scholarly journals NEIGHBORHOOD AGE COMPOSITION AND SELF-RATED HEALTH: FINDINGS FROM A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S64-S64
Author(s):  
Amanda Lehning ◽  
Amanda J Lehning ◽  
Nicole Mattocks ◽  
Kyeongmo Kim ◽  
Richard J Smith
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Conceptual Work

Abstract Neighborhood age composition is an understudied area. Furthermore, existing empirical and conceptual work is conflicting, with some indicating neighborhoods with more older adults are beneficial and other scholarship suggesting it can be detrimental. Using data from 7,197 older adults from the first wave (2011) of the National Health & Aging Trends Study combined with census tract data from the National Neighborhood Change Database, we examined the association between neighborhood age composition and self-rated health. Findings from logistic regression models indicate those living in neighborhoods with a growing concentration of older residents are significantly more likely to report lower self-rated health compared to those living in a neighborhood in which older adults overall are declining (β=1.51, p < .05) or are becoming diluted by younger residents (β=.66, p < .05). Results have implications for interventions promoting aging in place, particularly for those who may be stuck in place in age-concentrated neighborhoods.

Forced Sexual Victimization Among Youth in Custody: Do Risk Factors Vary by Gender and Perpetrator?

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Ahlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Using Data

There is relatively little literature examining risk factors associated with sexual victimization among youth in custody. The current study explored whether risk of forced sexual victimization among youth in custody differs by gender or perpetrator. Using data from a sample of 8,659 youth who participated in the National Survey of Youth in Custody, multivariate logistic regression models were employed to investigate gender differences in risk factors associated with overall forced sexual victimization and staff-on-inmate and inmate-on-inmate forced sexual victimization. Findings suggest that gender differences are more pronounced when perpetrator type is considered.

Identifying the Urban: Resident Perceptions of Community Character and Local Institutions in Eight Metropolitan Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 858-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chase M. Billingham ◽  
Shelley McDonough Kimelberg
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Central City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Resident ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Resident Perceptions ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Using Data

What does the term “urban” signify as a descriptor of contemporary communities in the United States? We investigate this question using data from the Soul of the Community survey, examining how people within eight metropolitan areas characterize their communities. A substantial disjunction exists between where within their regions respondents live and how they describe those areas. Many central–city residents label their communities “suburban” or “rural,” while many outlying residents label their communities “urban.” We contend that people's experiences with important local institutions—specifically, local schools and the local public safety apparatus—shape their understanding of their communities. Logistic regression models support this contention. Controlling for where within their regions respondents live, they are more likely to label their communities “urban” if they perceive local schools to be low in quality and their neighborhoods to be unsafe. Notably, these effects are not consistent across racial and ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Occupational Trends in New Zealand: 1991-2001

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Boonzaier ◽  
Rob Heyes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Occupational Employment

This research provides a useful insight into the occupational evolution of the New Zealand labour market. Our presentation looks at three different areas and the research paper is divided accordingly. The paper begins with an analysis of the conceptual basis of occupational classifications used in New Zealand. This is done because the classification system forms the basis of the quality and amount of occupational employment information that can be used for historical trends. The NZSC099 is a skills-based classification system therefore the paper examines the strengths and limitations of the way that the NZSC099 uses skills information. The paper then follows with an explanation of how the research team constructed a time series of occupational employment using data from the 1991, 1996 and 2001 Census of Population and Dwellings. The paper concludes with some initial results from an analysis of trends in the occupational structure of the New Zealand labour market between 1991 and 2001 using this Census data. This section comprises key explanatory figures and charts of longitudinal trends.

Mild parkinsonian signs, energy decline, and striatal volume in community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qu Tian ◽  
Rebecca Ehrenkranz ◽  
Andrea L Rosso ◽  
Nancy W Glynn ◽  
Lana M Chahine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Mild Parkinsonian Signs (MPS), highly prevalent in older adults, predict disability. It is unknown whether energy decline, a predictor of mobility disability, is also associated with MPS. We hypothesized that those with MPS had greater decline in self-reported energy levels (SEL) than those without MPS, and that SEL decline and MPS share neural substrates. Methods Using data from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, we analyzed 293 Parkinson’s Disease-free participants (83±3 years old, 39% Black, 58% women) with neuroimaging data, MPS evaluation by Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale in 2006-2008, and ≥ 3 measures of SEL since 1999-2000. Individual SEL slopes were computed via linear mixed models. Associations of SEL slopes with MPS were tested using logistic regression models. Association of SEL slope with volume of striatum, sensorimotor, and cognitive regions were examined using linear regression models adjusted for normalized total gray matter volume. Models were adjusted for baseline SEL, mobility, demographics, and comorbidities. Results Compared to those without MPS (n=165), those with MPS (n=128) had 37% greater SEL decline in the prior eight years (p=0.001). Greater SEL decline was associated with smaller right striatal volume (adjusted standardized β=0.126, p=0.029). SEL decline was not associated with volumes in other regions. The association of SEL decline with MPS remained similar after adjustment for right striatal volume (adjusted OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.16 - 3.54). Conclusion SEL decline may be faster in those with MPS. Striatal atrophy may be important for declining energy but does not explain the association with MPS.

Organizational Commitment and Involvement

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 61S-83S ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wang ◽  
Robert F. Ashcraft
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Tax Deduction ◽  
Practical Implications

Charitable gifts provide vital support for the operation of many associations. Using data collected from members of six professional associations, this study examines the factors that influence charitable donations to this particular type of organization. The results of logistic regression models suggest that the decision to give to associations is not driven by the inducement of tax deduction but by members’ commitment to associations, their level of engagement in these organizations, and whether they were solicited for a charitable gift. In addition, retired non-U.S. members who have supported other community organizations are more likely to donate to associations as are members working for government and those holding higher job positions. The results suggest that soliciting donations significantly increases the propensity to give, particularly among members with low educational attainment. Practical implications of the empirical findings are discussed.

scholarly journals THE MODE CHOICES AND COMMUTING STRESS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM JAKARTA AND DENPASAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Ismatulloh Rosida ◽  
Dyah Wulan Sari ◽  
Amelia Dertta Irjayanti
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Toll Roads ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Jabodetabek and Sarbagita have the highest worker commuter population in Indonesia. However, Jabodetabek has various and larger coverage of public transport than Sarbagita. This study also analyzes the relationship between the usage of specific transport modes and commuting stress. Multiple logistic regression models have been estimated using data of both Jabodetabek Commuter Survey and Sarbagita Commuter Survey. Using logistic regressions, the results show that mode choices, gender, and travel time have a significant effect on commuting stress. The analysis also indicates that both in high impedance and low impedance metropolitans, car commuting is perceived to be more stressful than non-car commuting. In a condition of restricted mode choices, commuters who use cars have a greater probability of commuting stress. Furthermore, the findings of this study imply limitation of car usage and as an evaluation of the policy of opening toll roads as a solution to urban congestion.

Predicting hydraulic structure-induced barotrauma in Australian fish species

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett D. Pflugrath ◽  
Craig A. Boys ◽  
Bruce Cathers
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Rapid Decompression ◽  
Australian Fish ◽  
Murray Cod ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Insight Into

When fish pass downstream through river infrastructure, such as dams and weirs, barotrauma may occur as a result of rapid decompression. In severe cases, barotrauma may lead to mortality. Different species are likely to respond differently to these decompressions. Therefore, to predict barotrauma for a specific species, surrogate species may not be a valid approach, and it may be necessary to examine each species individually. For the present study, Australian bass and carp gudgeon were exposed to a range of rapid decompressions using hyper- and hypobaric hydro-chambers and examined for injuries and mortality. Rapid decompression data from these two fish species, in addition to previously examined Murray cod and silver perch, were evaluated to determine which injuries were highly associated with and likely to predict mortality. Dose–response logistic regression models were developed for each species to predict injury and mortality over a range of rapid decompressions. These models are valuable for estimating injury and mortality rates for fish passing though river infrastructure and can be applied to specific sites where pressure profiles have been developed. Applying these models to current and future infrastructure can provide important insight into what measures or design alterations may be necessary to reduce negative effects of infrastructure on fish populations.

scholarly journals Individual and local level factors and antenatal care use in Colombia: a multilevel analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Osorio ◽  
Luis Miguel Tovar ◽  
Katharina Rathmann
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Regional Inequalities ◽  
Using Data

This paper examined the association between individual and local level factors and the number of antenatal care visits completed by women in Colombia using data from the 2010 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey and multilevel logistic regression models. Our findings suggest that, in addition to maternal socioeconomic status, contextual factors influence whether pregnant women complete the minimum recommended number of antenatal care visits. These factors include: level of women’s autonomy in the community, regional inequalities and access barriers caused by distance (OR = 0.057), costs of services (OR = 0.035), and/or a lack of confidence in doctors (OR = 0.036). Our results highlight the existence of inequalities in access to antenatal care and the importance of considering the local context in the design of effective maternal care policies in Colombia. Furthermore, our findings regarding individual factors corroborate the evidence from other countries and offer new insights into the association between local level factors and number of antenatal care visits.

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