scholarly journals The Sleeping Lives of Children and Teenagers: Night-Worlds and Arenas of Action

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Moran-Ellis ◽  
Susan Venn
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Constructions Of Childhood ◽  
The Uk

Most research into sleep, even that which includes a sociological dimension, tends to focus on sleep outcomes, in effect following an agenda set by the natural sciences and psychology. The work reported in this paper engages with the material and social dimensions of sleep from within social constructionist and interactionist frameworks, seeking to explore and theorise the meaning and experience of sleep from the perspective of the sleeper. In doing this, we examine how contemporary constructions of sleep and constructions of childhood and adolescence arise and are linked in the UK context. Sleep time tends to be constructed as empty of activity other than sleeping and devoid of the sorts of interactions that characterise wakeful day-time. However, a grounded analysis of qualitative data generated with 9 children and 20 teenagers suggested that the assumption of absence of activity and interaction was misleading: their nights were populated by a range of actors, presences and activities. Placing our focus on these aspects of our participants’ accounts of their sleep we found that the temporal, spatial and interactional dimensions of routine sleep served to create a definable arena of action (Hutchby and Moran-Ellis 1998) which was marked out both materially and socially. We conceptually frame this arena of sleep as a night-world (Moran-Ellis, 2006).

scholarly journals Fruit and vegetable intake: change with age across childhood and adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Albani ◽  
Laurie T. Butler ◽  
W. Bruce Traill ◽  
Orla B. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Eating Fruit ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
The Uk

AbstractEating fruit and vegetables (FV) offers important health benefits for children and adolescents, but their average intake is low. To explore if negative trends with age exist as children grow, this study modelled differences in FV consumption from childhood to young adulthood. A pseudo-panel was constructed using years 1–4 (combined) of the Rolling Programme of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) (2008/2009–2011/2012). Intake of FV in the NDNS was recorded using 4-d unweighted food diaries. The data consisted of 2131 observations of individuals aged 2–23 years. Age-year-cohort decomposition regression analyses were used to separate age effects from year and cohort effects in the data. Total energy intake was included to account for age differences in overall energy consumption. Fruit intake started to decrease from the age of 7 years for boys and girls, and reached its lowest level during adolescence. By 17 years, boys were consuming 0·93 (P=0·037) less fruit portions compared with the age of 2 years. By 15 years, girls were consuming 0·8 fruit portions less (P=0·053). Vegetable intake changed little during childhood and adolescence (P=0·0834 andP=0·843 for change between 7 and 12 years, boys and girls, respectively). There was unclear evidence of recovery of FV intakes in early adulthood. Efforts to improve FV intake should consider these trends, and focus attention on the factors influencing intake across childhood and adolescence in order to improve the nutritional quality of diets during these periods.

scholarly journals The cost of mental and physical health disability in childhood and adolescence to families in the UK: findings from a repeated cross-sectional survey using propensity score matching

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e018729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Solmi ◽  
Mariya Melnychuk ◽  
Stephen Morris
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

ObjectiveIn the UK, families of disabled children are entitled to receive disability benefits to help meet costs associated with caring for their child. Evidence of actual costs incurred is scant, especially for mental health disability. In this study, we aimed to quantify the cost of mental and physical health disability in childhood and adolescence to families in the UK using the concept of compensating variation (CV).DesignRepeated cross-sectional survey.SettingThe UK general populationParticipants85 212 children drawn from 8 waves of the Family Resources Survey.OutcomesUsing propensity score matching we matched families with a disabled child to similar families without a disabled child and calculated the extra income the former require to achieve the same living standards as the latter, that is, their CV. We calculated the additional costs specifically associated with several definitions of mental health and physical health disability.ResultsFamilies of a child with any mental health disability, regardless of the presence of physical health comorbidity, needed an additional £49.31 (95% CI: 21.95 to 76.67) and, for more severe disabilities, an additional £57.56 (95% CI: 17.69 to 97.44) per week to achieve the same living standards of families without a disabled child. This difference was greater for more deprived families, who needed between £59.28 (95% CI: 41.38 to 77.18) and £81.26 (95% CI: 53.35 to 109.38) more per week depending on the extent of mental health disability. Families of children with physical health disabilities, with or without mental health disabilities, required an additional £35.86 (95% CI: 13.77 to 57.96) per week, with economically deprived families requiring an extra £42.18 (95% CI: 26.38 to 57.97) per week.ConclusionsMental and physical health disabilities among children and adolescents were associated with high additional costs for the family, especially for those from deprived economic backgrounds. Means testing could help achieve a more equitable redistribution of disability benefit.

scholarly journals Impaired vision and physical activity in childhood and adolescence: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-320315
Author(s):  
Lisanne Andra Horvat-Gitsels ◽  
Mario Cortina-Borja ◽  
Ameenat Lola Solebo ◽  
Jugnoo Sangeeta Rahi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
Impaired Vision ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Participation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Recommended Level

Background/aimsInvestigate if impaired vision is associated with reduced levels and differences in types of physical activity (PA) to identify barriers or enablers to achieving healthy PA levels.MethodsData from the Millennium Cohort Study of children born in the UK in 2000–2001 and followed-up to age 14 years (n=11 571). Using parental report on eye conditions coded by clinicians, children were categorised as having no, unilateral or bilateral impaired vision. Outcomes included objective accelerometer-derived time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and 16 PA types reported by parents, teachers and/or participants, covering physical education (PE), organised sports, self-organised sports and hobbies.ResultsOverall, 50% of 7-year-olds and subsequently 41% as 14-year-olds achieved the internationally recommended level of ≥60 MVPA min/day, irrespective of vision status, and mainly attributable to PE and organised sports. Bilateral impaired vision (vs none) was associated with parent-reported difficulties with PE (adjusted OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 2.31 to 9.41), self-rated poor ability in PE (3.21; 1.44 to 7.15) and not enjoy indoor PA (0.48; 0.26 to 0.88). Unilateral impaired vision was associated with both parent-rated difficulties (1.80; 1.26 to 2.59) and teachers’ perception of low ability in PE (2.27; 1.57 to 3.28), and reduced odds of high participation in organised sports (0.77; 0.59 to 0.99). Age-related trajectories showed suboptimal PA in childhood tracked into adolescence, with no difference by vision status.ConclusionPopulation-wide programmes to increase PA levels in children should pay special attention to those with impaired vision and include early interventions to encourage participation and confidence in PE and organised sports, starting in primary school and maintained afterwards.

Co-creation and Engagement: What Festivalgoers Want in the UK Rock Festival Experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Eve Brown
Keyword(s):  
Rock Music ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Positive Word ◽  
Music Festivals ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Positive Word Of Mouth ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper seeks to better understand the festivalgoers’ experience by determining what festivalgoers want at UK rock music festivals. Examining the experience journey, important attributes were identified in pre-, peri- and post-festival phases. Qualitative data was collected from 124 festivalgoers through semi-structured group interviews that were conducted on-site at three different UK rock festivals. Thematic analysis revealed the importance of co-creation and engagement through each phase of the festivalgoer experience. The practical implications of this study provide festival organisers with the opportunity to direct their management efforts on the strategic optimisation of experiences that may promote preferred consumer behaviour through positive word of mouth and future reattendance. Moreover, this article offers a conceptual model of the festivalgoer experience.

Qualitative Data Gathering Instruments and Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-98
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
The Social

The chapter is divided into five sections. The first section discusses the interview method from the social constructionist and qualitative perspectives. The second section contains information related to the procedures of undertaking focus group discussion in qualitative projects. The different types of observation methods are highlighted in Section 3, but only participant and non-participant observation variants are discussed. The primary and secondary documents are addressed in Section 4, and examples are given. The chapter is concluded by a question and answer section, where important questions are raised and answered in a simple way.

How to Feed Ourselves—Could This Be the Biggest Question of the 21st Century?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Moore Lappé
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Challenge ◽  
Scientific Controversy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Erich Fromm ◽  
Scientific Controversies ◽  
The Uk

Not all scientific controversies are fought in the laboratory: Today much of our planet is the testing ground in a scientific controversy touching virtually every human being on Earth. It centers on the path we choose to feed ourselves, a choice that will create ripples ranging from the extent of hunger and the severity of climate change to how many species remain at century’s end. And that path will be shaped by what social philosopher Erich Fromm (1973) called a “frame of orientation”—the core assumptions, often beneath conscious awareness, through which we each view our world. For human beings, these frames function as filters, determining what we see and what we do not see. Today, two quite different ways of seeing the global food challenge are emerging as scientists, farmers, and engaged citizens struggle to answer the question: How will we feed ourselves? Here I contrast the frames, the first and dominant one—promoted in most US agricultural universities and by farm-related corporations—I call “productivist” because the frame defines the challenge of conquering today’s hunger and meeting growing demand largely as that of producing more food. Limiting the human population is also seen as critical. The second lens is my own and that of a growing number of food and farming experts worldwide. It is sometimes described as “ecological” or “sustainable.” But such terms might mislead by suggesting a worldview focusing principally, or exclusively, on the environment. So I prefer to call the lens “relational,” suggesting a way of seeing that embraces both the ecological and social dimensions of the food system. Its focus is not primarily on the quantities produced but the qualities of relationships within both human and nonhuman aspects of food systems, as it asks whether these relationships enhance life. I first present the productivist frame and then the relational. Worldwide, our “food system is working for the majority of people,” notes the UK think-tank Foresight (2011, p. 36). Yields of major food crops have grown markedly.

scholarly journals The culture of UK employee-owned worker cooperatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-776
Author(s):  
David Wren
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Employee Ownership ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Worker Cooperatives ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ownership Types

PurposeThis paper presents exploratory, empirical data from a three-year study of organizational culture in for-profit, employee-owned businesses within the UK, comparing ownership types (direct, trust, and cooperative). It outlines the study and then focuses on worker cooperatives. Culture is illuminated through the lens of performance and reward management.Design/methodology/approachQualitative data was gathered from three worker cooperatives based in the North of England, using semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document review and was compared to qualitative data collected from other types of employee-owned businesses.FindingsThe findings suggest a distinct culture within worker cooperatives encompassing five key values: a whole life perspective, consistently shared values, self-ownership, self-control, and secure employment.Research limitations/implicationsAdditional time with each cooperative and a greater spread of cooperatives would be beneficial. The research was carried out during a period of organizational growth for the case organizations, which may influence attitudes to reward and retention management.Practical implicationsThe results inform recruitment and retention policy and practice within worker cooperatives and highlight concerns regarding the stresses of being a self-owner. These are important considerations for potential worker co-operatives alongside policy recommendations to advance employee ownership.Originality/valueA comparative analysis of culture, performance, and rewards across different employee ownership types has not been undertaken before. This addresses an under-researched area of employee ownership regarding HR practices. Within the UK, recent research on the culture(s) of worker cooperatives is limited.

scholarly journals The variable and evolving nature of ‘cuckooing’ as a form of criminal exploitation in street level drug markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Spicer ◽  
Leah Moyle ◽  
Ross Coomber
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Criminal Exploitation ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dominant Narratives ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA form of criminal exploitation rarely mentioned in the academic literature has recently emerged, evolved and taken meaningful hold in the UK. Hundreds of cases of ‘cuckooing’ have been reported, where heroin and crack cocaine dealers associated with the so-called ‘County Lines’ supply methodology have taken over the homes of local residents and created outposts to facilitate their supply operations in satellite locations. Dominant narratives surrounding this practice have stressed its exploitative nature and the vulnerabilities of those involved. Combining qualitative data from two studies, this paper critically analyses the model of cuckooing and the experiences of those affected. In turn it explores the impact of County Lines on affected areas and local populations, a topic that has received little academic scrutiny. Four typologies of cuckooing are constructed, highlighting its variance and complexity. Findings also suggest it to be a growing method of criminal exploitation beyond drug supply with a possible burgeoning presence being realised internationally.

Polish migration to the UK

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Eva A. Duda-Mikulin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Polish Migration ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Contemporary Britain

Chapter two includes an overview of EU migration to the UK and migrants’ characteristics with the message that migration to the UK is not new. People have been migrating since forever; recently however, the issue of migration has been elevated to a key national concern in the UK and beyond. It is now one of the most contentious and divisive matters in contemporary Britain and globally. Meanwhile, the government continually fails to deliver on its promise to reduce net migration to the tens of thousands, but should it? This chapter presents and discusses most up-to-date existing statistical data in relation to EU migration to the UK and migrant characteristics. These are contrasted with new qualitative data from women migrants from Poland to the UK. This chapter provides an explanation of the current complexities related to EU nationals’ legal status in the UK. Finally, a series of interview extracts are presented to illustrate the abovementioned points.

How entrepreneurial resilience generates resilient SMEs

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layla Jayne Branicki ◽  
Bridgette Sullivan-Taylor ◽  
Sarah Rachael Livschitz
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how entrepreneurial behaviors support small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) resilience, refine the concept of entrepreneurial resilience, and identify how SME resilience might be promoted. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative data were collected in the UK via 11 focus groups which provided a sub-sample of 19 SME participants. Findings Because of their experience operating in uncertain environments, their direct experience of adversity, and the informal organizational settings they inhabit, entrepreneurs are often highly resilient and possess capabilities that enable SMEs to be resilient. Entrepreneurial resilience provides a basis for SME resilience that differs significantly from best practices as understood in larger firms. Research limitations/implications Exploratory qualitative research on a small sample (n=19) limits the generalizability of this work. Further research could quantitatively test the paper’s findings and/or examine the link between entrepreneurial resilience and the resilience of larger firms. Practical implications Rather than encouraging formal planning and redundancy, policy and practice designed to promote the resilience of SMEs should pay greater attention to building capacities to cope with uncertainty, generating and leveraging personal relationships, and activating the ability to experiment and think creatively in response to crises. Originality/value This paper draws on organizational psychology research to refine understanding of entrepreneurial resilience and to empirically examine and inductively theorize the multi-level relationships between entrepreneurial resilience and SME resilience.

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